试论地方政府债务的形成机理

政府间资金借贷和转贷，使得地方政府对国家债务存在着重复计算和虚拟数额，如有偿资金和无偿资金的层层转贷，上级无偿性资金对下级贷款或下级为平衡资金调度向上级借款和欠缴上级结算款等。再加上地方政府财权与事权不统一，规避法律约束借款等，使得地方政府债务逐渐成为了债务管理的重点和难点。所以，在研究债务问题时，必须首先分析地方政府债务的形成机理。     

地方政府债务治理的对策研究

地方政府债务是我国金融体系的重要组成部分,地方政府适度举债有利于地方经济的发展和基础设施建设,但是如果债务膨胀、赤字飙升就会加剧地方债风险。当前我国大力控制系统性金融风险,去杠杆取得了一定成效,但是地方政府隐性债务风险仍然不容忽视。在此背景下,就要重视地方政府债务治理的问题。因此本文结合我国当前地方政府债务风险的现象,把握2020年最新政策,提出了地方政府债务治理的相应对策。     

地方政府债务成因与对策

地方政府债务,是指以地方政府作为债务人的需要由地方财政偿还的债务。目前,我国的统计指标体系中,涉及地方政府债务的统计指标几乎空白。谈到地方政府债务,人们更多的是以地方财政赤字来衡量。实际上,现行统计指标所衡量的财政赤字是不完全的。因为它没有包括一些重要的政府负     

地方政府债务问题探讨及对策

快速增长的地方政府债务拉动了GDP增长,其正面作用不容抹杀,但是潜在风险也在积聚。依法规范地方政府债务管理、强化领导责任、以及提高政府支出效益,是完善地方政府治理的重要内容,也是化解地方政府债务风险的治本之策。一、地方政府债务潜在风险不容小觑2013年12月30日审计署审计公告显示,政府债务率超过100%;尤其是地方政府债务快速增长,     

地方政府债务风险预警机制探讨

近年来,随着地方政府债务规模的扩大,潜在风险增加,为有效防范其风险,十八届三中全会《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中明确提出:建立规范合理的地方政府债务风险预警机制。本文主要从构建地方政府债务风险预警机制的必要性以及如何构建地方政府债务风险预警机制进行探讨,以期实现债务风险管理的规范化、系统化和科学化。     

我国地方政府债务的现状、风险及对策分析

本文对我国地方政府债务的现状、风险及对策进行了分析与探讨。     

关于我国地方政府债务风险形成原因的探究

受国际金融危机影响,巨额、高速增长的地方政府债务已严重威胁中国经济的可持续发展,随时可能引发全国性的财政危机和经济危机。因此,研究地方政府债务风险问题是时事性和现实性的客观要求。     

PPP模式下地方政府隐性债务规避机制研究

PPP模式的工具性特征使其具备政府债务治理功能,但在其运作过程中可能产生新的地方政府隐性债务。结合文献研究、政策法规梳理和专家访谈,对PPP模式下地方政府隐性债务的边界、认定标准进行明确界定,从项目合规性、融资机制、回报机制、运营机制、地方政府行为动机以及融资平台转型等多维视角分析PPP模式下地方政府隐性债务的独特形成机理,建议针对PPP模式加强规范化管理、巩固债务治理功能、促进提质增效、强化绩效管理、优化风险共担机制、完善会计核算与信息披露制度等隐性债务规避机制。     

地方政府环境规制失灵的原因及解决途径——以跨界水污染为例

公用地的悲剧及集体行动的困境提供了政府规制的空间。环境规制是政府规制的一项重要内容,政府通过制定相应政策约束市场主体的排污行为来保护环境。但近年来以跨界水污染纠纷为代表的一系列环境规制政策实践表明,地方政府对于环境外部性的规制并不总有效,即环境规制失灵。地方政府环境规制失灵带来许多环境问题,但这并不构成怀疑政府环境规制的充分理由,而应研究如何纠正地方政府环境规制失灵。     

Persistent deficits and the market value of government debt

This paper investigates whether postwar Canadian public financial policy satisfies a borrowing constraint. Direct tests of the present-value relation suggested by this constraint shed light on the sustainability of current policy. We examine monthly data on Canadian federal government finances using tests for cointegration. The finding is that the joint behaviour of real debt and real surpluses is inconsistent with intertemporal budget balance for the government. One interpretation of this finding is that the government is systematically paying real returns to bondholders by issuing further debt. Alternatively, bondholders may expect the government to finance future interest payments from a source other than primary surpluses, e.g. the sale of physical assets.     

Reducing government debt in the presence of inequality

What are the welfare effects of government debt? In particular, what are the welfare consequences of government debt reductions? We answer these questions with the help of an incomplete markets economy with production. Households are subject to uninsurable income shocks. We make several contributions. First, by targeting the skewed wealth and earnings distribution of the US economy in our calibration, we identify inequality as the major driver of the welfare effects of public debt/GDP changes. Second, we show that in order to fully gauge the welfare consequences and the political feasibility of government debt changes, it is crucial to consider the transitional dynamics between stationary equilibria. Our results therefore have important implications for the design of debt reduction policies. Since the skewed wealth distribution generates a large fraction of borrowing-constrained households, a public debt reduction should be non-linear, such that the tax burden is postponed into the future.     

the future for Privatising local government

While privatisation has been proceeding rapidly at Westminster, it has lagged behind in local government. Douglas Mason, inventor of the Community Charge, wants to speed up privatisation in the town halls.     

Private debt overhang and the government spending multiplier: Evidence for the United States

Using state‐dependent local projections and historical US data, we find that government spending multipliers are considerably larger in periods of private debt overhang. In particular, while multipliers are below or close to one in low private debt states, we find significant crowding‐in of private spending in periods of debt overhang, resulting in multipliers that are much larger than one. In high private debt episodes, more government purchases even reduce the ratio of government debt to gross domestic product. These results are robust for the type of shocks, and when we control for the business cycle, financial crises, deleveraging episodes, government debt overhang, and the zero‐lower‐bound.     

Indexed versus nominal government debt under inflation and price-level targeting

This paper presents a DSGE model in which long run inflation risk matters for social welfare. Optimal indexation of long-term government debt is studied under two monetary policy regimes: inflation targeting (IT) and price-level targeting (PT). Under IT, full indexation is optimal because long run inflation risk is substantial due to base-level drift, making indexed bonds a better store of value than nominal bonds. Under PT, where long run inflation risk is largely eliminated, optimal indexation is substantially lower because nominal bonds become a relatively better store of value. These results are robust to the PT target horizon, imperfect credibility of PT and model calibration, but the assumption that indexation is lagged is crucial. A key finding from a policy perspective is that indexation has implications for welfare comparisons of IT and PT.     

The Flemish government's responsibility for local government modernization

Abstract

Throughout Western Europe, local government is modernized. Central and regional governments carry responsibility for this modernization because they decide upon its nature. However, this responsibility reaches out further since a higher-level government also carries responsibility for the success of its modernization at the local level. The article unravels this responsibility for local government modernization in the case of the Flemish government. As a result of Belgian state reform, this government counts today as the most important higher-level government from the viewpoint of local government in Flanders.     

浅谈政府与行业协会的关系

随着市场经济运行机制的确立和规范化,行业协会问题从上世纪90年代初期就引起了各级政府的重视。人世以后,人们给予了这类组织更多的关注,目的是希望其能够承担更多的职能,提供更多的服务,发挥更大的作用。关于行业协会的研究,各界人士已经做了很多工作,这里,我想谈四点粗浅的看法。