ECONOMIC GUIDELINES FOR MOBILIZING LABOUR AND MANAGEMENT IN CANADIAN AGRICULTURE1

This paper examines the role of management in stimulating economic growth. It sees the adjustment problem as the fundamental problem in Canadian agriculture and suggests ways of speeding the process. Recognizing that the individual farmer is the focal point of the adjustment process, the paper reviews the many kinds of adjustments possible, and suggests a new rural counselling service to help achieve the adjustment potentials.
LIGNES DIRECTRICES ÉCONOMIQUES POUR LA MOBILISATION DE ľEMPLOYÉ ET DE ľEMPLOYEUR DANS ľAGRICULTURE CANADIENNE –Le présent mémoire examine le rôle de la gestion dans la stimulation de ľaccroissement économique. II considère le problème ďajustement comme le problème fondamental dans ľagriculture canadienne et suggère des moyens ďaccélérer le processus. Reconnaissant que ľagriculteur lui-même est le point tournant du processus ďajustement, le mémoire passe en revue les nombreux genres ďajustements possibles et suggère un nouveau service rural ďorientation pour aider à atteindre les possibilités ďajustement.     

SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PEST CONTROL IN AGRICULTURE1

This article deals with agricultural losses attributable to insects, diseases and weeds with estimates of percentage rates of losses in crops presented for both Canada and the United States. Analysis of the economic effect of potential elimination of losses in Canadian wheat and fresh apples are discussed. In general, the effect of elimination of losses by means of improved techniques depends upon the elasticity of demand of the individual commodity studied. The particular market position of Canadian wheat created an exception for this product. Emphasizing the need for further scientific investigation, subjects and methods for forthcoming research are outlined.     

AGE AND EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC AGRICULTURAL POLICY: THE CASE OF ONTARIO1

Casual impressions suggest that some of the least efficient farm units are those operated by older farmers. This view has become embodied in the fabric of thinking about agriculture, and into a variety of public and private policies designed to remove older farmers from agriculture or to discourage them from expanding their farm operations. This article takes a closer look at the validity of the underlying assumption. Based on Ontario data for 1965, there seems real reason to question whether older farmers differ materially in levels of efficiency as compared with younger farmers, and there is therefore a new reason to re-examine attitudes and policies employing or based upon agricultural age restrictions.
L'AGE ET ľEFFICACITE FACTEURS DVNE POLIQUE PUBLIQUE EN AGRICULTURE: LE CAS DE ľONTARIO - Les impressions momentanées suggerent que certaines des unités agricoles les moins efficaces sont celles qui sont exploitées par les plus vieux agriculteurs. Ce point de vue est devenu enraciné dans ľensemble des idées concernant ľagriculture, et dans une gamme de politiques publiques et privées destinées à séparer les agriculteurs de ľagriculture ou à décourager leurs plans ďexpansion de leur exploitation agricole. Le présent article examine plus minutieusement la justesse de ľhypothèse sous-jacente. Fondé sur les données de ľOntario pour 1965, il semble y avoir une bonne raison de se demander si les plus vieux agriculteurs diffèrent sensiblement quant aux niveaux ďefficacité par rapport aux plus jeunes agriculteurs, et il existe done une nouvelle raison de réexaminer les attitudes et les politiques employées ou fondées sur des restrictions agricoles quant àľàge.     

AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF NON-RESIDENT HUNTING AND GUIDING IN THE EAST KOOTENAY1

Guiding is an industry closely linked to ranching in Western Canada. In the more remote areas where guiding is a significant activity, agriculture is often depressed. Such complementary non-farm sources of income are attracting increasing attention as a means of mitigating the "farm problem" in these situations.
This study attempts an evaluation of the economic contribution of non-resident hunting and the associated guiding industry in a region of British Columbia where guiding is an important adjunct to low-income ranching. The net economic gain from non-resident hunting is calculated, as are the private profits of guiding. These appear surprisingly low, though there is wide variation in the profitability of guiding. Public administrative policies are probably responsible in part for the failure of this industry to rationalize itself and for underutilization of game resources.     

WHITHER GOEST U.S. AGRICULTURAL POLICY: AN EXERCISE IN NAIVE PROPHESY1

The forces leading to change in U.S. agricultural policy are discussed in this paper, and the likely outcome of the debate on U.S. farm policy is documented. New programs are a strong possibility for a variety of commodities including wheat, feed grains, and soybeans. These programs will likely lead to lower prices, increased production and more aggressive competition in international markets. The forces in the evolution of U.S. farm policy are also drawn out, allowing readers a view of the process of policy-making, and providing background and documentation for readers to develop independent and perhaps alternative views of the future direction of U.S. farm policy.
ON EN VA LA POLITIQUE AGRICOLE AMERICAINE: UN EXERCISE DE CLAIR VOYANCE - Les forces conduisant au changement de la politique agricole des Etats-Unis sont discutées dans la présente étude, et les résultats probables des débats sur la politique agricole américaine sont documentés. II est fort possible que de nouveaux programmes soient elaborés àľégard ďune variété de denrée, y. compris le blé, les grains de provende et le soya. Ces programmes amèneront vraisemblablement desprix moins élevés, une production accrue et une concurrence plus agressive sur les marchés internationaux. Les forces dans ľévolution de la politique agricole américaine sont aussi illustrées, cequi permet aux lecteurs de voir comment on établit les programmes, et foumit aux lecteurs une base et une documentation qui lew permettront de développer des opinions indépendantes et peut-être alternatives sur la direction future de la politique agricultural américaine.