对未来国际石油市场走势的基本判断

2004年以来国际油价持续攀升与投机因素有关，国际石油供应并未受到影响。未来国际石油市场的基本格局仍然有利于石油的稳定供应，但国际油价仍将频繁大幅波动。建议要研究制定不同油价水平下的应对策略；推进风险防范机制的建立；对国内成品油定价机制进行适当调整；逐步建立石油储备制度，增强国家对油价进行调控的能力。     

行业点击

油价背后的大国博弈造成油价涨幅惊人的原因被归纳为世界石油需求增加、原油库存减少、欧佩克限产保价、国际石油市场的投机行为和地缘政治因素等。而在原油价格的背后，则是一些大国的博弈在起作用。     

新工业革命启幕

第三次工业革命能做什么?就是能通过新的基础设施将边际成本降至接近于零。第二次工业革命是能源的革命,支撑全球经济发展的是石油、煤炭和天然气,但能源的日益枯竭正在使这一行业日薄西山,而逐步攀升的油价也在威胁全球经济复苏的前景。在新华社《经济参考报》社主办     

国外石油公司的科技规划管理研究及启示

随着国际油价的持续攀升和世界石油储量的下降,世界石油工业的发展模式也开始出现新变化,科技实力已经成为石油公司获得竞争优势的关键因素.在这种形势下,国外石油公司的科技管理从单纯的专业化管理向综合性、系统化管理转变,突出了科技规划管理的地位.文章系统研究了国外主要石油公司的科技规划管理,总结了其科技规划管理的基本流程、规划执行情况的监控和评价模式,并结合我国石油企业的科技管理现状,提出了相应的启示.     

石油价格对中国经济的影响及对策建议

随着我国经济持续的高速增长，我国对石油的需求迅速增加，国际油价的变化对我国的影响日益突出。本文主要从推动国际油价攀升的原因出发，分析了国民经济各部门对石油价格冲击的反应，以及国民经济系统在石油价格冲击下的应对反应。     

日本石油储备模式研究

日本是世界第二大石油消费国和进口国。为保障本国的石油供应安全，在两次能源危机后，日本建立了庞大的石油储备。1999年底，石油储备量为9007万千升，仅次于美国，即可以保证国内16l天的供应量。因此，在近年国际市场油价变化莫测、不断攀升期间，日本国内市场石油价格变动不大。石油储备对调节日本国内供需、平抑油价、保障经济等方面起着积极的作用。日本在石油储备建设中的有益经验值得我们借鉴。     

世界能源格局与中国的能源安全

由于石油经济的不确定性,时至今日,经济学家没有给出一个关于石油市场的比较完善的分析框架。通过对油价波动和世界能源格局演变历史的总结和回顾,我们认为油价波动既是国际市场供求双方博弈的结果,也是"大国"关于石油利益分配的政治安排。世界能源格局的演进反映了两大国家集团之间"权力"的消长。本文借助国际政治经济学的方法,从世界能源格局及其变动的角度探讨中国面临的能源安全问题,为能源问题的进一步研究提供思路。     

中国石油价格风险管理的困境与选择

2004年以来,我国国内原油、成品油价格在国际油价的带动下持续上涨,均创出历史新高。油价的走高使我国在外汇支出、经济增长、物价稳定等方面都付出沉重代价。同时,21世纪中国经济的增长将使其石油对外依存度不断加大,而国际石油定价权、国内避险工具的缺失,使国家和企业面临巨大困境。国际上,石油衍生品市场的发展已使石油市场变成一个复杂的金融市场。国际大公司积极参与其中,并使衍生品市场的交易和实货市场的交易成为有机的一体化战略。吸取国际经验,我国政府应不断推进石油体制的改革,逐步建立石油交易所市场和OTC市场,并推动二者的良性化互动发展。     

中美日印韩组建五国联盟对抗欧佩克

中国、美国、日本、印度和韩国这五个最大的石油消费国的代表日前在北京举行会议，堪称石油进口国联盟的雏形。会议的主要议题是能源安全。与会者抱怨油价出入预料地震荡和大幅攀升。会议的总结性声明指出，“这会对整个世界经济产生负面影响。”     

积极应对高油价对我国经济的冲击

近年来,世界石油价格一路高涨且波动频繁,油价问题成为全球关注的焦点。石油作为一种基础能源产品,是现代工业经济中最重要的战略资源之一,目前约占全球能源消费的40%。在能源构成中,石油始终是世界各大国之间互相角逐博弈的筹码,对国计民生具有重要的意义。由     

高油价对我国经济的影响及对策

近几个月以来,国际石油价格呈现出持续快速上升势头,油价的快速上涨,使得油价问题成为全球关注的焦点,给高速发展的中国经济产生了较大影响。目前,国际金融危机还在持续,世界经济前景不确定性犹在,因此,深入研究高油价对我国国民经济的影响,提出有效的降低高油价冲击的策略,对减缓国际金融危机的影响,保证我国国民经济稳定、持续增长具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

国际市场粮食价格波动性上升的原因及未来趋势分析

近年来,国际市场粮食价格波动性明显上升,其原因在于全球粮食库存持续下降、粮食需求波动加大以及全球流动性过剩与金融投机的推动,未来国际市场粮食价格波动性仍将处于高位。中国需要确保粮食基本自给,以防国际市场粮食价格的高波动性传入中国。     

石油价格波动对我国经济的影响

石油作为一种重要能源和资源,广泛应用于各行各业,被誉为经济乃至整个社会的"黑色黄金"、"经济血液"。1973年石油期货出现以前,国际石油价格一直在每桶3美元左右。30多年来国际石油价格一路攀升,2006年7月甚至达到了每桶78美元的"天价"。石油价格的剧烈波动改变着世界政治经济格局,尤其对世界经济的影响日益显著。我国作为当今世界经济发展的重要一员,与世界经济的关联程度日益增强。随着我国经济的快速发展,对石油的需求目益增加,石油的对外依存度不断提高,这就不可避免地受到国际石油价格上涨的影响。因此,认真分析国际石油价格上涨对世界经济和中国经济的影响,提出我国具体的应对措施,对我国经济社会发展和国家安全具有深远的意义。     

The impact of world oil price shocks on macroeconomic variables in Vietnam: the transmission through domestic oil price

This study examines the impact of world oil price shocks on macroeconomic variables in Vietnam with a focus on the transmission channel of domestic oil prices. The Structural Vector Autoregression model with two blocks of real economy variables and monetary variables is employed. The world oil price follows an autoregressive process to reflect the exogenous nature of world oil price shocks to the domestic economy. The retail domestic oil price is determined simultaneously by only the world oil price due to the government's control of the domestic oil market. Using monthly data in the period between 2009 and 2021, the study indicates that a positive shock to world oil prices will increase the domestic oil prices significantly, industrial production (slightly and only statistically significant in the third month after), and inflation (significantly in 8 months). Besides, the domestic oil price is not the only transmission channel of world oil price shocks to the economy. This result implies forecasting, assessing, and controlling the impact of the world oil price shock on the economy should focus on both domestic oil prices and other indirect channels.     

What Determines China's Grain Imports and Self‐sufficiency? The Role of Rising Domestic Costs and Varying World Market Prices

China's grain sectors have faced unprecedented challenges in recent years as the ever‐increasing and historically high level of grain output has failed to reduce grain imports. On the contrary, high grain imports and high domestic stock have accompanied historically high domestic output, a situation dubbed the “triple high” phenomenon in current policy discussion. This paper explores the role of widening domestic–world market price gaps in determining the triple high phenomenon. Unlike earlier studies that relied on production capacities, this paper argues that domestic production and demand (hence imports) are functions of domestic and world market prices and proposes an analytical framework to explicitly capture such price gaps under restricted trade linkages in general equilibrium. Following this approach, a set of price scenarios for the 2011–2020 period are constructed and simulated in a computable general equilibrium model. Results from the core scenarios, in which recent domestic and world market price trends are assumed to continue, suggest that further widening price gaps would substantially increase grain imports and reduce domestic output (by 60 million tons) and self‐sufficiency ratios from base levels. In the alternative scenarios with larger (smaller) price gaps, we find higher (lower) imports and larger (smaller) decreases in domestic output and self‐sufficiency ratios. Such results provide important policy implications as China's agricultural policy undergoes significant adjustment.     

中国粮食进出口对粮食价格影响实证研究

随着我国加入世界贸易组织(WTO),粮食进出口限制被逐渐放开,辅之以更加开放和市场化的粮食价格政策,探讨粮食进出口对粮价影响越发重要。同时随着国内粮食期货市场的完善,其对现货市场的影响也在加深。本文探讨了粮食进出口对我国粮食价格的关系,并通过计量分析方法考察了近几年粮食现货和期货价格受到粮食进出口额的影响。通过对数据和理论分析,得出目前我国在粮食进出口对粮食价格的作用。结合目前我国粮食进出口现状,对我国在保障粮食安全,开展粮食国际贸易上应该采取的措施提出了一系列看法。     

The value of gold as a reserve asset

An unresolved feature of the present international monetary system is the absence of any agreement, formal or informal, as to the appropriate price at which gold held as a reserve asset is to be valued. This omission has become increasingly evident in recent months as the market price of gold has surged to levels 10 times as high as the former official price. While the majority of countries continue to value gold at the former official price, an increasing number have adopted valuations based on the market price. The existing ambigous situation with respect to gold valuation is not a viable one and, if present trends continue, the likely result will be a de facto revaluation of gold reserves at the market price. The quantitative implications of this are enormous, for the effective level of world reserves doubles when gold is valued at the current market price. Such a revaluation of gold would have a large impact on the future evolution of the international monetary system and, in particular, would cast a considerable degree of doubt on the possibility of attaining the internationally agreed goal of making special drawing rights (SDR) the principal reserve asset. In addition, the distribution of the increased international liquidity which has resulted from the rise in the market price of gold has been highly uneven, since world gold reserves are concentrated in a very small number of countries. A number of other countries, notably the non-oil-exporting developing countries, have strong grounds for objecting to the fact that this large increase in international liquidity has occurred as a result of an effective revaluation of gold rather than via increased allocations of SDR.     

Indonesia's Transition to a Net Oil Importing Country: Critical Issues in the Downstream Oil Sector

Given its limited oil reserves and increasing petroleum product consumption, Indonesia will become a net oil importer in the near future, facing increasing petroleum product imports while continuing to export still available but diminishing crude oil This paper examines the implications of that prospect for Indonesia's terms of trade, assessing the future supply and demand balance in the domestic market The assessment includes a petroleum price forecast vis-à-vis the international market, in which Indonesia imports more valuable products while exporting less valuable crude oils To meet this challenge, the key policy issue in the downstream oil sector is the need to bring private participation into the refining and retailing business, by means of a freer market pricing policy and private access to the domestic market.     

Forward-looking agents and inflation in an oil-producing country: Evidence from Iran

A monetary model of inflation was estimated on the oil-producing country of Iran for the period 1984:1–2016:4. It was found that expectations are formed rationally and that agents are forward-looking and adjust their behavior based on changes in government expenditure. Consequently, it was found that higher fiscal variables result in lower price levels over the long run. A higher oil price leads to a lower price in the country but to a higher money supply and interest rate over the long run. Furthermore, a higher domestic interest rate results in a higher price level, while the reverse is true for a higher foreign interest rate. Another cause of inflation in Iran is the foreign price level. It was found that over the short run a higher growth of the real government expenditure results in a lower inflation rate in the country but a positive change in the foreign interest rate brings in a higher inflation rate.     

论货币政策和资产价格的关系

一国的货币政策是否应当高度关注资产价格,关键取决于证券市场在其经济体系中所占的地位和所起的作用.如果证券市场在该国的经济体系中占据着重要地位,资产价格的变化对该国的经济运行会产生重要的影响,那么,货币政策就应当高度地关注资产价格.否则,货币政策就不应当高度地关注资产价格.