国内外乙醇胺生产现状与发展趋势

介绍了乙醇胺国内外生产现状，市场需求和发展趋势，指出我国与国外先进水平相互级较大差距，美国乙醇胺的平均生产规模为140kt/a，而我国最大规模只有10kt/a。针对现状提出我国乙醇胺发展思路。     

环氧氯丙烷的生产及市场前景

环氧氯丙烷是一种重要的有机化工原料和精细化工产品，其生产方法主要有丙烯高温氯化法和乙酸丙烯酯法两种。目前，世界上环氧氯丙烷的总生产能力约为1050kt/a，产量约为850kt/a。我国环氧氯丙烷的生产能力约为90kt/a，产量约为31kt/a，预计2005年我国环氧氯丙烷的需求量将达到200kt/a，缺口很大，因此，应扩大生产规模，来满足市场需要。同时还应拓展环氧氯丙烷的应用范围，改进生产技术，提高产品质量，努力开拓国外市场，参与国际竞争。     

在汽车工业领域的应用

国外汽车用塑料状况 2003年,全球汽车用塑料制品的市场规模为4540kt/a,其中美国为1720kt/a、欧洲为1360kt/a.目前,一般每辆汽车消耗的塑料,美国约90～110kg,占整车总量的13%～14%;欧洲约80～120kg,占12%～15%;中国40～60kg,占5%～6%.     

万华MDI一体化项目在烟台开工建设

2011年3月11日,烟台万华公司二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)一体化项目在烟台经济开发区万华工业园区开工建设。一期项目总投资高达132亿元人民币,项目涵盖600kt/a MDI、300kt/a甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),同时配套建设300 kt/a的离子膜烧碱、240kt/a甲醛、540kt/a硝酸、180 kt/a合成氨、480 kt/a硝基苯、360 kt/a苯胺、480 kt/a氯化氢氧化制氯、1.52×10~5m~3/h造气     

乙烯供需状况及发展对策

2000年全球共有乙烯装置230套，生产能力为92．7Mt/a，装置的平均规模为400kt/a，其中北美占33．77％，西欧占22．38％，亚洲为31．23％。亚洲是20世纪90年代全球乙烯生产能力增长最快的地区。我国在20世纪80年代后，乙烯发展速度加快，2000年乙烯生产能力已达5000 kt/a，但我国乙烯工业中尚存在着：装置规模小、生产成本高，布局不合理，原料资源结构不合理，综合能耗高等问题，需进一步解决。     

苯乙烯生产现状及市场分析

2004年，全球苯乙烯的总生产能力约为25880kt／a，总消费量约为23506kt／a。预计2006年总消费量将达到约25368kt／a。2004年我国苯乙烯的总生产能力为1190kt／a，产量为985．7kt／a，消费量约为3866．1kt／a，产不足需，每年都得大量进口。预计2005年和2010年我国苯乙烯的消费量将分别达到4380kt／a和5600kt／a。苯乙烯在我国发展前景广阔，今后我国应积极采用先进技术扩大装置的生产规模，以从根本上缓解我国苯乙烯的供需矛盾。     

1999年全国环氧氯丙烷生产概况

1999年国内共有5个环氧氯丙烷生产厂家,除天津化工厂采用醋酸丙烯酯法外,其余厂家均采用丙烯高温氯化法。总生产能力为79.5kt/a。其中,齐鲁石化公司氯碱厂和岳化环氧树脂厂一直坚持生产。沈阳化工股份有限公司虽然有3.5kt/a的生产能力,但因原料、成本及市场等因素的影响,早在1997年就停止生产。天津化工厂引进的日本昭和电工醋酸丙烯酯工艺生产装置,规模为24kt/a,投资7.4亿人民币。1996年底开工建设,1999年10月份投料试车成功。因设备等各种原因,几次停车,致使到年底产量只有700余吨。东营联成化工责任有限公司于1999年8月份10kt/a的氯丙烯…     

信息与资料

阿曼拟建世界规模芳烃装置阿曼油品公司(OOC)计划在Sohar地区建一套世界规模芳烃联合装置,生产能力为800kt/a对二甲苯和210kt/a苯,预计2006年1月开工,2008年第三季度竣工。该芳烃联合装置原料约80%来自当地炼厂,剩余20%通过进口石脑油解决。目前Sohar炼化公司正在建一座产能为7.5万桶/d(2813kt/a)的炼厂,预计2006年9月建成。Axens公司将为该芳烃联合项目提供技术和基础工程建设,Jacobs工程公司负责前期工程与设计,GS工程建设公司获得了该项目交钥匙工程合同,即工程、采购和建设总包合同。(中国石化有机原料科技情报中心站供稿)印度开始5…     

乙酸市场现状及发展

2000年全球乙酸的生产能力为8620kt/a，我国也达到了900kt/a规模，约占全球总生产能力的10%，超过了日本，但我国的乙酸装置普遍存在着规模小，工艺路线落后的问题，有相当多的装置还在使用乙醇法和乙炔法工艺路线，成本高，污染严重，市场竞争力不强，目前，我国乙酸的供需大体上达到平衡，但由于进口乙酸的冲击，市场竞争日趋激烈，应加快乙酸工艺的结构调整，以提高整个行业的竞争能力。     

阿曼拟建世界规模芳烃装置

阿曼油品公司(OOC)计划在Sohar地区建一套世界规模芳烃联合装置，生产能力为800kt／a对二甲苯和210kt／a苯，预计2006年1月开工,2008年第三季度竣工。该芳烃联合装置原料约80％来自当地炼厂，剩余20％通过进口石脑油解决。目前Sohar炼化公司正在建一座产能为7．5万桶／d(2813 kt／a)的炼厂，预计2006年9月建成。     

An Empirical Analysis of the Average Plant Start-Up Size in Turkish Manufacturing Industries

Many studies have found start-up size of a firm to be an important determinant of its subsequent performance and probability of survival. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of average plant start-up size in 51 four-digit Turkish manufacturing industries for the period 1993?C1999. The results of the study suggest that while industry characteristics such as industry growth rate and capital intensity have a positive impact on the average plant start-up size, industrial concentration, import penetration, and the change in research and development expenditures are negatively associated with the same variable. In addition, the macroeconomic environment is also an important determinant of the choice of plant start-up size. Finally, we find evidence that may indicate ??following?? (herd) behavior in Turkish manufacturing industries.     

基于模糊层次分析法的越南燃煤电厂BOT项目风险管理研究

越南作为我国友好邻邦,是"一带一路"沿线上的主要国家之一.其近年来加大了对外开放力度,促使越来越多国家和地区的资金向其涌入,也倍受我国电力企业的青睐.虽然越南与我国在文化、社会风俗、民族文化、生活方式、建设社会主义市场经济等方面有许多相同点,但是在急速发展的社会、经济环境下,电力建设项目全寿命周期长造成管理过程中存在的...     

选煤厂介耗的降低技术与措施

介质消耗是重介选煤厂重要的经济技术指标,其消耗量高低不仅直接影响选煤厂的经济效益,还影响到重介质系统的生产能否保持正常和稳定。本文以响水矿选煤厂为例全面分析了影响介质消耗的原因,并据此从技术和管理两个方面提出了解决降低介耗的一系列措施。     

Works Councils and Plant Closings in Germany

This paper is the first study to investigate the impact of workplace representation on plant closings in Germany, using data from a nationally representative establishment panel. Across all establishments in our sample, we find evidence of a positive association between works council presence and plant closings. There is the contrary suggestion that industry‐wide collective bargaining plays a neutral to benign role. As for the interaction between collective bargaining and workplace representation, this appears strongest for establishments with fewer than 50 employees: such plants are much more likely to close if they have a works council and are not covered by a collective agreement.     

EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND INDUSTRY GROWTH: A STUDY OF STEEL REFINING FURNACES*

This paper examines the impact of new technology on plant‐level productivity in the Japanese steel industry during the 1950's and 1960's. We estimate the production function, considering the differences in technology between the refining furnaces owned by a plant. We find that a more productive plant was likely to adopt the new technology and that the adoption would be expected to occur immediately following the peak of the productivity level achieved with the old technology. The adoption of the new technology primarily accounted not only for the industry's productivity slowdown but also for the industry's remarkable growth.     

Do technology and manufacturing strategy links enhance operational performance? Empirical research in the auto supplier sector

Although much of the literature on manufacturing strategy (MS) and technology studies the implementation and impact of these manufacturing programs in isolation, this paper goes further by assessing the joint implementation and effect of these two manufacturing programs on performance, even when some contextual factors are present. Thus, this paper investigates how plants from the auto supplier sector make use of some operations practices from manufacturing strategy (MS) and from both product and process technology, by testing the effectiveness of both sets of practices, with the ultimate goal of enhancing operational performance. The results suggest that there are only very minor differences between high and standard performers on the aggregated level for technology practices, which may be the reason why technology does not result in significant performance differences between the two plant types. On the other hand, on the aggregated levels, there are somewhat greater differences for MS practices than for technology in both plant types, leading to larger differences in performance. While this study provides a foundation for examining MS, technology and context within a single framework, it is only through further research that a full understanding of the relationship between them will be obtained.     

我国火力发电厂环境成本控制研究

在"厂网分开、竞价上网"的竞争环境下,各火力发电厂加强环境成本控制,完善环境成本管理已经成为提高企业竞争力的必然选择.这里首先介绍了我国火力发电厂的环境污染和成本开支现状,重点分析了燃煤火力发电企业的各环境成本项目,得出了环境成本公式,并依据公式确立了环境成本控制的三个核心目标,提出了环境成本控制的方法与绩效考核办法,最后指出加强环境成本控制意义重大,是各火力发电厂可持续发展的必由之路.     

节能减排下热电联产燃机项目电价政策的思考

随着天然气价格上涨,燃机发电上网电价政策成为热电联产燃机项目生存的重要条件之一.通过理论分析和实证检验,就当前热电联产燃机发电上网的＂高电价＂对燃机项目运营的影响进行了探讨,结果表明：相对于热价,偏高的上网电价易导致电厂愿意多发电,少供热,结果降低了全厂的热效率,不利于全社会的节能降耗.     

40 kt/a乙丙橡胶项目的技术经济分析

乙丙橡胶是世界第三大合成橡胶品种，市场潜力巨大。我国目前仅有1套装置，产品远不能满足日益增长的需要，为此有必要增加装置来弥补缺口。文章从其用途、供需预测、生产工艺等方面分析了建设40kt／a乙丙橡胶装置的必要性与可能性。     

Impact of tissue culture banana technology on farm household income and food security in Kenya

While tissue culture (TC) technology for vegetative plant propagation is gradually gaining in importance in Africa, rigorous assessment of broader welfare effects for adopting smallholder farm households is lacking. Using survey data and accounting for selection bias in technology adoption, we analyze the impact of TC banana technology on household income and food security in Kenya. To assess food security outcomes, we employ the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) – a tool that has not been used for impact assessment before. Estimates of treatment-effects models show that TC banana adoption, combined with improved crop management, causes considerable increases in farm and household income. Technology adoption also reduces relative food insecurity in a significant way. These results indicate that TC technology can be welfare enhancing for adopting farm households. Adoption should be further promoted through upscaling appropriate technology delivery systems.