Efficient Estimation of Hedonic Inverse Input Demand Systems

This article is concerned with efficient estimation of characteristics demand. We derive and estimate an inverse input demand system for quality characteristics by using 172,946 observations over 881 trading days in the Icelandic fish auctions. An improved estimation method based on an expanded random coefficient model is suggested as an alternative to the currently used two-stage method of Brown and Rosen . The estimates demonstrate the improved efficiency of the suggested method. A number of empirical results emerge, including a general increase in the demand for quality.     

Specification and Estimation of Regular Inverse Demand Systems: A Distance Function Approach

To allow realistic policy simulations in a changing environment, inverse demand systems must remain regular over substantial variations in quantities. The distance function is a convenient vehicle for generating such systems. While its use directly yields Hicksian inverse demand functions, those functions will not usually have an explicit representation in terms of the observable variables. However, this problem need not hinder estimation and can be solved by using a numerical inversion estimation approach. This article develops the formal theory for using distance functions in this context and demonstrates the operational feasibility of the method.     

Measurement Error in Recall Surveys and the Relationship between Household Size and Food Demand

Variation in household survey design and implementation is used to obtain evidence of nonrandom measurement error in recall surveys of household expenditure. These surveys, which are used especially in developing countries, appear to have measurement errors in food expenditures and in food budget shares that are correlated with household size. These correlated errors may be part of the explanation for a puzzling pattern of falling food demand with rising household size in poorer countries.     

Consistent Estimation of Censored Demand Systems Using Panel Data

We derive a joint continuous/censored commodity demand system for panel data applications. Unobserved heterogeneity is controlled for using a correlated random effects specification and a generalized method of moments framework used to estimate the model. While relatively small differences in elasticity estimates are found between a flexible random effects specification and one that restricts the random effect coefficient to be time invariant, larger differences are observed when comparing the flexible model to a pooled cross-sectional estimator. The results suggest the limited ability of such estimators to control for preference heterogeneity and unit-value endogeneity leads to parameter bias.     

Food Demand in Mexico: An Application of the Amemiya-Tobin Approach to the Estimation of a Censored Food System

The modeling of micro-level food demand patterns requires not only allowing for household heterogeneity, but also addressing the problem of censoring. In this article, we present a variation of the Amemiya-Tobin framework for estimating a censored demand system that allows for household heterogeneity. The unique aspect of our approach is the use of a procedure that ensures the adding up of both latent and observed expenditure shares and also imposes expenditure share nonnegativity. This system is applied to an analysis of food demand based on a random sample of urban Mexican households.     

Impacts of Declining U.S. Retail Beef Demand on Farm-Level Beef Prices and Production

A systems model was estimated to determine the effects of declining U.S. retail beef demand on farm-level beef prices and production. Retail beef demand declined by nearly 66% from 1976 to 1999. Results indicate autonomous shifts in retail demand significantly impacted farm-level demands and production. Based on equilibrium multipliers, the 1976–99 reduction in beef demand decreased real slaughter cattle prices and production by 32.1% and 11.2%, respectively. Real feeder cattle prices and production decreased by 8.0% and 22.6%, respectively. Combining the decreases in farm prices and production, slaughter and feeder cattle producers experienced a real revenue reduction of $13.3 billion (61%) due to the long-term decline in demand.     

基于全面协调可持续发展观的建设用地发展规模研究

在阐明全面、协调、可持续发展观涵义的基础上,分析了粮食安全、生态平衡、可持续发展对于建设用地规模的制约,提出在建设用地供给和需求规模不均衡的情况下,必须采取引导和控制措施,促使两者趋于动态均衡.     

国土资源政务管理信息系统需求分析方法

需求分析是软件生存周期的第一个里程碑,是系统建设成败的关键,文中结合国土资源政务管理信息系统的需求分析工作从业务调查、业务分析、需求建模等几个方面对需求分析方法进行了探讨。     

National and Regional Household Demand for Meat, Poultry and Seafood: A Complete Systems Approach

Brown and Heien's S₁-branch system was employed to investigate national and regional demand patterns for meat, poultry, and seafood in the United States. Meal, poultry, and seafood purchases were very sensitive to own-price changes, changes in total expenditure, and changes in household size, and were less sensitive to cross-price changes, regional differences, and differences in degree of urbanization. The estimates of parameters and elasticities in the S₁-branch system were reasonable on a priori grounds, the goodness-of-fit was exceptional, and, using independent samples, the predictive performance of the demand system was particularly notable.
Le système à branches de type S₁ de Brown et Helen a été employe dans le but d'étudier les types de demandes au niveau national et regional en ce qui concerne la viande. la volaille et les fruits de mer aux Etats- Unis. Les achats de viande, de volaille et de fruits de mer etaieni tres sensibles à des changements de leurspropresprix, à des changements des dépenses totales ainsi qu 'à des variations de la taille des menages. Ils étaieni moins sensibles aux changements des prix croisés, aux differences regionales et aux differences du degré d'urbanisation. Les estimations des paramètres et des élasticités dans le système à branches du type S₁étaieni a priori raisonnable, la qualitéétait exceptionnelle et en utilisant des échantillons indépendants, la performance prophétique du système de demande était particulièrement notable.     

宁夏沿黄城市带城市体系规模结构研究

本文运用城市首位度、城市基尼指数、城市金字塔等相关理论和方法分析了宁夏沿黄城市带城市体系规模结构的发展特征,认为该城市带城市首位度适中、城市等级规模分布不均衡、城市带规模偏小,最后提出发展措施建议.     

结构方程模型森林康养消费需求因素分析

以计划行为理论为基础进行设计问卷,结合实地调研与在线问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型研究现阶段中国居民森林康养消费需求的影响机制。结果表明:中国森林康养产业普及程度较浅,深度的森林康养内容认知与发展进展很浅薄;森林康养消费需求会促使居民的消费行为,而态度、知觉控制会显著正向影响居民的消费需求,态度、规范与知觉控制之间影响显著。因此,应设计多层次森林康养产品,鼓励森林康养养老,助力脱贫攻坚;提升居民参与森林康养的客观能力,奠定消费战略的基础;研究康养理论,推行康养理念,设计康养服务产品;政企协力推进,构建政-企-森-居-社会协调发展新模式,以便促进森林康养良好发展。     

Impacts of Animal Well‐Being and Welfare Media on Meat Demand

This article provides the first known examination of how animal welfare information provided by media sources impacts beef, pork and poultry demand. Results suggest that media attention to animal welfare has a small, but statistically significant impact on meat demand. Long‐run pork and poultry demand are hampered by increasing media attention whereas beef demand is not directly impacted. Loss in consumer demand is found to come from exiting the meat complex rather than spilling over and enhancing demand of competing meats. An outline of economic implications is provided for the broader discussion of animal welfare.     

“木制建材下乡”试点农户问卷与需求偏好分析

木制建材下乡是拉动内需、提高农民生活质量的有效举措,同时也给木材加工行业带来健康、快速发展的契机。文章利用全国12个省市709份有效农户调查问卷,建立Logistic计量回归模型,以确定各个影响因素对于农户对木制建材喜爱与否的影响程度以及显著性大小;并运用描述性统计分析方法分析了农户对木门、木地板的需求偏好。结果表明影响农户对木制建材喜爱与否的因素包括家庭年均收入、现有房屋结构、家庭常住人口数、现有房屋使用时间、拟新建住宅面积、新建住宅预算和装修住宅面积等,且不同地区农户对木制木门、木地板的需求偏好有明显的差异。最后,在研究结论的基础上提出了相应政策建议。     

农村土地流转的供求意愿及其流转效率的评价研究

研究目的:研究农村土地流转的农户供求意愿,定量评价土地流转的经济效率。研究方法:通过设置的土地流转意愿度指标分析农户土地流转的供给意愿,通过农户实际土地经营规模和最适土地经营规模的比较分析农户的需求意愿,利用市场供求模型估算土地流转带来的供求双方农户经济福利。研究结果:中部6省的农户供给意愿在0.18—0.52之间,农户实际土地经营规模为0.27—0.73 hm2/户,最适土地经营规模0.61—1.08 hm2/户,以100—300元/亩流转交易价实行土地流转后,中部6省中各省供给方农户的经济福利可达到1.1—9.2亿元,需求方农户的经济福利可达到2.2—12.2亿元。研究结论:从供给角度看,当前农户的土地流转意愿低;从需求角度看,农户有土地流转的意愿。土地流转交易使土地资源和劳动力资源得到重新配置,增进了土地供给者和土地需求者的福利,提高了经济效率。     

粮食、食品价格和CPI的VAR实证研究

综述了目前国内关于粮食价格、食品价格对CPI的影响机制的研究.选取2001年7月至2012年12月的月度数据,通过VAR进行了粮食冲击效应分析,采用Johansen检验进行了三者因果的验证,合理解释了食品价格和粮食价格、CPI三者之间的影响关系.结论：在研究的时间段中,粮食价格和食品价格的增长都会引起物价水平的增长;物价水平的上涨也会影响到粮食价格.但是,物价水平对食品价格、粮食价格对食品价格的变化却影响不明显.     

宅基地有偿使用制度实施效果差异及原因诊断研究——基于利益相关者视角

本文基于利益相关者视角,重点对宅基地有偿使用制度实施效果的差异进行考察,在全县域定量分析的基础上,采用典型案例与问卷调查相结合的方法,从乡镇政策目标取向、乡村治理模式、村民选择行为等方面对实施效果的差异性进行分析.结果表明,全县的实施效果存在差异;乡镇政策目标取向的不同使其实施效果也存在差异性;乡贤治理模式的村庄退出效...