服务型制造网络合约化质量协调的运动规律分析

服务型制造网络是由制造企业、服务企业及顾客组成的价值模块节点单元构成的一种能力与需求合作网络,合约化质量协调是其节点质量行为的主要表现形式,节点间质量合同的设计、质量合同的监督、质量合同的激励构成了服务型制造网络合约化质量协调运动规律的基本内容.     

加盟店的合同与赔偿

加盟店如何终止合同与处理赔偿,是许多加盟商和加盟者都十分关注的问题,这关系到双方合作的成败和利益。 如因任何情况总店丧失了货品的制造、经营及分销权,则合约自动终止,而加盟店已支付的加盟费则按合约剩余日数的比例由总店返还加盟店。如总店违反合约任何条款,受许人亦有权实施单方面终止合约并向总店要求赔偿,但不限于双倍赔偿保证金。 如加盟店或特许人宣布破产或清盘,合约将自动终止。     

加盟店的合同与赔偿

<正> 加盟店如何终止合同与处理赔偿,是许多加盟商和加盟者都十分关注的问题,这关系到双方合作的成败和利益。如因任何情况总店丧失了货品的制造、经营及分销权.则合约自动终止,而加盟店已支付的加盟费则按合约剩余日数的比例由总店返还加盟店。如总店违反合约任何条款.受许人亦有权实施单方面终止合约并向总店要求赔偿,但不限于双倍赔偿保证金。     

期货实物交割纠纷该怎么处理

期货交易往往只发生标准化合约交易，而不发生实物交易。但现实中也有少数发生实物交割的案例。投资期货的制造企业对此要尤为谨慎。     

房价下跌风险谁来承担

在一个成熟的市场中,房价下跌,合约当事人只要履行合约就可以了。对于一般购房合约,尽管也是一种格式化合约,但是这种合约可加上相应的附加条款。因此,合约当事人的风险分担,基本上会通过购房合约表明     

EMS企业的VMI问题探析

电子制造服务（Electronic manufacturing Service—EMS）提供商就是为原始设备制造商（飞利浦，惠普等）0EM提供合约设计制造及相关产品服务的企业。此类企业利用其厂房、设备、专业技术人员和生产运营系统，根据客户定单要求，为客户制造出电子产成品，同时开展与制造有关的应用技术开发、维修、物流等业务，为客户提供电子产品制造与相关服务的一揽子解决方案。目前全球主要的EMS厂商有：鸿海精密。伟创力，四海等。     

合约不完全实施的两种分析框架比较研究

本文比较不完全合约和完全合约理论处理合约实施的方法.不完全合约理论认为资产专用性和合约实施制度质量同时决定效率扭曲程度,只要是不完全实施,效率必然扭曲.而完全合约理论强调合约不完全实施是代理人信息类型和合约实施制度质量共同作用的产物,合约实施制度质量本身未必造成效率扭曲.事前合约的期望社会剩余比较表明,合约实施制度质量改善对社会福利提高具有积极意义.尽管这两类分析框架选择的参照系和关注的角度有所不同,但基本结论是一致的,即随着制度质量的提高,潜在的效率扭曲在下降.     

基于区块链技术的智能合约特征及其会计应用研究

本文简要介绍智能合约的定义、原理、及其主要组成部分,得出智能合约具有数据公开透明、内容不可篡改、合约永久运行、数据管理自动化等特征;与传统合约的对比,突出其提高合约执行效率、规避主观因素影响、降低合约履行成本、节省事务执行时间、减少违约纠纷问题、扩大合约使用范围的优势;基于会计行业,列举了智能合约在降低坏账、规避错账和避免假账方面的应用。     

信息传导与美元/人民币外汇掉期的定价

在外汇掉期交易市场中,指示性合约对信息的反应最为充分且快速,其影响力较深较广,是市场的主导因素。不同期限的合约具有不同的指示效果,其中,指示效果最强的合约为3个月期合约,相关外汇市场的投资人员和政策制定人员可以根据3个月期合约来分析其他合约的情况,进而更好地制定投资方案和政策规划。此外,如果只根据成交活跃度来判断指示性合约,则极易得到错误的结果,并不是交易更活跃的合约信息反映速度也更快。     

企业在经济合同管理中如何防范合同风险

在经济发展的今天,人们进入合约社会,缔结合约时不慎行会导致不可想象的后果,所以要谨防合约风险,本文对如何规避合约风险做了深入探讨,并提出了有效措施。     

辽宁省装备制造业供应链治理结构与供应链绩效关系研究

以辽宁省装备制造业为研究对象,通过对供应链治理结构与供应链绩效之间关系的分析得出:关系型和合同型两种治理结构都能对供应链绩效产生正向影响,但随着供应链合作伙伴关系进一步推进,关系型治理对供应链绩效的贡献程度更高。辽宁省装备制造企业应该根据供应链的内部特点、外部环境等积极进行相应治理,来提高供应链响应速度、顾客满意度等,最终提高供应链绩效。此外,辽宁省装备制造业应该准确识别供应链柔性程度,根据其来选择不同类型治理结构,确保能够避免过分依赖合同治理或关系治理来降低供应链合作伙伴关系中效率低下或机会主义风险。     

美资制造业回流的成因分析及对策

在中国区位优势下降和美国重振制造业政策等多重因素的叠加影响下,美资制造业正在从中国东部地区悄然回流。在制造业撤离还未形成一种趋势前,中国政府要因势利导地采取对策:增强中国的区位优势;着力提升外资企业的根植性;引导外资投向中西部;促进代工企业向精致化发展;评估区位优势,预警外资撤离,以减少撤离可能或延缓撤离过程,从而减轻对中国经济、社会及产业发展的不利影响。     

The stability of market shares in UK manufacturing industry 1979–1986

Competition is a selection process in which the winners survive and expand, and the losers contract and disappear. This paper examines the selection process applied to the leading five firms in a large sample of UK manufacturing industries over the period 1979 to 1986. Selection pressures are seen to vary substantially the rank of the firm, and much but not all of the selection pressures that these firms faced originated in the capital market.     

Structural Change,Economic Crisis and International Labour Migration in East Asia

Increased international labour migration was one important dimension of structural change and globalisation in East Asia from the mid 1980s. Large international movements of mainly unskilled contract labour occurred in response to widening wage gaps between more and less developed countries in the region as the former experienced rapid structural change. Labour importing countries increasingly relied on unskilled migrant workers in less preferred jobs, in both export‐oriented and non‐tradable goods industries. The Asian economic crisis dramatically influenced the context in which international labour mobility had occurred in the pre‐crisis period. Important issues included a possible reversal in role of international migration in structural change, both among unskilled contract workers and more skilled migrants, and replacement of migrants by unemployed local workers. The paper argues that the Asian economic crisis did not reverse the fundamental trend toward greater reliance on unskilled migrant workers in agriculture, manufacturing and service industries. Business and professional migration remained significant and even rose in some countries during the crisis. However, several countries were forced to develop a more coherent policy towards migrant workers, in light of the social impact of the crisis.     

我国制造业中小企业在跨国公司全球产业链中的价值定位

国际生产体制已进入网络化发展的新阶段,全球制造业正面临着产业链的重构,跨国公司将逐步把我国纳入其全球战略体系,实现全球一体化的生产、销售和研发。我国企业面临的国内国际竞争越来越激烈。对于我国制造业中小企业而言,当务之急是以跨国公司对华投资战略调整为契机,基于全球生产网络进行科学合理的价值定位,然后通过配套生产、OEM、合同制造、战略联盟等方式进入跨国公司全球产业链,向“小而精”、“专而强”方向发展。同时要适度进行产业链节点的横向扩张和纵向延伸,从而实现产业链升级。     

Exporting raises productivity in sub-Saharan African manufacturing firms

Proponents of trade liberalization argue that exporting helps firms to achieve higher productivity levels. This hypothesis is examined for a panel of manufacturing firms in nine African countries. The results indicate that exporters in these countries are more productive and, more importantly, exporters increase their productivity advantage after entry into the export market. While the first finding can be explained by selection-only the most productive firms engage in exporting-the latter cannot. The results are robust when unobserved productivity differences and self-selection into the export market are controlled for using different econometric methods. Scale economies are shown to be an important channel for the productivity advance. Credit constraints and contract enforcement problems prevent firms that only produce for the domestic market from fully exploiting scale economies.     

Exporting raises productivity in sub-Saharan African manufacturing firms

Proponents of trade liberalization argue that exporting helps firms to achieve higher productivity levels. This hypothesis is examined for a panel of manufacturing firms in nine African countries. The results indicate that exporters in these countries are more productive and, more importantly, exporters increase their productivity advantage after entry into the export market. While the first finding can be explained by selection–only the most productive firms engage in exporting–the latter cannot. The results are robust when unobserved productivity differences and self-selection into the export market are controlled for using different econometric methods. Scale economies are shown to be an important channel for the productivity advance. Credit constraints and contract enforcement problems prevent firms that only produce for the domestic market from fully exploiting scale economies.     

根本违约制度探析

根本违约是从英国普通法上发展而来的一项合同法律制度,后来被《联合国国际货物买卖公约》采纳而成为一个国际性的条款。在当事人一方违约致使另一方订立合同时期望得到并且在正常履行情况下就能够得到的预期利益落空时则构成根本违约,非违约方可以解除合同,对其造成损失的还可以要求赔偿。根本违约制度设立的目的在于限制非违约方滥用解除合同的权利,尽量挽救合同的有效性。     

Who instigates university–industry collaborations? University scientists versus firm employees

While evidence on the causes and effects of university–industry interaction is abundant, little is known about how, and particularly by whom, such interaction is instigated in the first place and subsequently managed. In this paper, we investigate which mode of collaboration (joint research, contract research, consulting, in-licensing, or informal contacts) is more likely to be initiated and managed by firm employees versus by university scientists. Moreover, we are interested in the differences between small and large firms to see whether initiation and management are affected by firm size. Using a sample of 833 German manufacturing firms, our results indicate that university scientists typically start collaborations with industry, while firm employees would take over the management of projects. Results vary markedly between small and large firms, with university scientists having somewhat higher difficulties initiating collaborations with large firms than with small firms.     

补充性契约刍论

随着退货制、专家导购制、产业合并等补充性契约制度的出现,不完善的基础契约得以执行。这些补充性契约制度的作用机理在于其平衡信息以及使信息优势者占有信息剩余的功能。但补充性契约只是有助于基础契约效力的实现,却没有说明自身是如何得到贯彻的,它还需要新的补充性契约作为保证,这将是一个永无止境、永无结果的论证链条。而市场治理的有效性在于基础契约、补充性契约与缔约者价值观的整合。