加入WTO对中国货币政策的影响及对策

随着加入世界贸易组织的临近,人们在考虑入世给中国经济各方面带来机遇的同时,更多地是关注入世给中国经济各方面带来的挑战.表现在对中国货币政策实施的影响主要是货币政策控制力、中介目标的有效性、货币政策工具的效率、外在约束等方面.因此,我们应当积极应对,以保证我国宏观金融调控目标得以顺利实现.     

货币政策、民营企业投资效率与公司期权价值

本文首先考察了货币政策对民营企业融资约束和投资效率的影响。研究发现,宽松的货币政策减少了民营企业的融资约束,但对投资效率的影响则呈现非线性关系。本文进一步从实物期权的角度考察了货币政策对公司增长与清算期权价值的影响,结果表明:高盈利能力公司的增长期权价值在宽松货币政策时期更大,而低盈利能力公司的清算期权价值在紧缩货币政策时期更高。本文的研究结论有助于理解在不同的货币政策状态下,资本逐利这一经济规律的表现形式;同时,本文的经验证据还有助于从投资效率和公司价值的角度评价宏观经济政策对微观经济实体的影响,从而为决策部门制定恰当的经济政策、促进宏观经济体系的良好运转提供政策性建议。     

美国量化宽松货币政策影响及中国对策

随着金融危机的不断蔓延和影响的逐渐深化,美国在采取第一轮和第二轮量化宽松货币政策失效后,还可能采取第三轮量化宽松货币政策来稳定和刺激经济。此种极端货币政策引发多米诺骨牌效应,并将对中国经济产生深远影响。对此,文章从量化宽松货币政策产生的机理出发,在着重分析美国量化宽松货币政策对中国经济可能造成影响的基础上,提出中国所应采取的应对策略,以减缓量化宽松货币政策对中国经济可能产生的不利影响。     

融资约束与中国经济波动-新凯恩斯主义框架内的动态分析

本文在动态一般均衡框架内探讨投资融资约束冲击的动态特性,构建了一个新凯恩斯主义刚性价格模型,通过扩展传统的货币先行约束,引入投资的融资约束冲击。模型的动态结果很好地解释了数据中的发现。为了从理论上讨论货币政策规则应对该冲击的能力及其机理,我们分别模拟了不同参数的泰勒规则和货币供给规则,结果显示:盯住通货膨胀和产出缺口的货币政策能够较好地对冲投资融资约束冲击的负面影响。该理论结果为金融危机时期的中国货币政策提供了有益的建议。     

银行信贷规模规避的风险探析及政策建议

2008年金融危机以来，我国经济出现下滑态势，政府采取了积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，从2009年3季度开始，随着央行对适度宽松货币政策“微调”信号的释放，以及银监会对信贷额度监控的加强，在资本约束、动态拨备等监管指标达标的压力之下，为了发展新增贷款，商业银行纷纷开发银信合作理财产品和进行信贷资产转让交易。但是，此种手段相对不透明，相关监管统计缺乏，潜在的风险和未来发展前景广受关注。     

消费者流动性约束差异与货币政策区域效应研究

本文从消费者流动性约束差异的角度研究货币政策区域效应的产生。首先分析流动性约束对消费者消费支出的影响,其次理论分析并实证检验了货币政策通过消费信贷可得性和消费信贷成本两种途经导致各地区消费者具有不同的流动性约束,并采用省际面板数据模型证明流动性约束差异导致货币政策区域效应的形成。最后提出目前应通过增加中西部地区消费者消费信贷额度,把货币政策工具重点放在商业银行存款准备金率以缩小各地区消费者流动性约束差异来缓解货币政策区域效应。     

放松信贷约束的NOEM框架下参数校准与冲击响应

笔者发展了一个动态随机一般均衡方法在新开放经济宏观经济学框架下的新凯恩斯粘性价格和粘性工资小国模型.本文的理论模型继承了带有习惯的封闭经济DSGE模型,将其用NOEM的框架扩展到小国开放经济中,并尝试在家庭预算约束下加入信贷变量,进而放松其约束,辅以具有中国特色的货币政策方程,考察冲击带来的模型反馈.文中重点是细致地分析理论模型之后加入货币政策冲击,来讨论中国各参数的设定和通过脉冲响应方程来评价模型的特点.     

货币政策的时间不一致性、可信性与透明度

货币政策的时间不一致性导致了政策的可信性问题,这已为实践所证明。本文提出,货币政策透明度以其声誉效应为基础,对时问不一致性形成双重约束：正向约束与逆向约束,正向约束,是限制中央银行的通货膨胀倾向;而逆向约束,是克服中央银行在反时间不一致性中的过度保守倾向。     

欧洲经货联盟货币政策和财政政策协调理论研究综述

欧洲经货联盟货币政策和财政政策协调是国际宏观经济政策协调的重要组成部分。随着欧洲经货联盟的远行，国际宏观经济政策协调理论的研究重点开始转向欧盟的经济政策协调。本文对经货联盟建立前后有关货币政策协调、财政约束与协调、财政政策与货币政策协调、动态不一致性等问题的研究进行了回顾。     

从前瞻性消费理论看我国中长期货币政策的选择

近年来 ,随着买方市场的逐渐形成和市场需求对我国经济增长约束的明显强化 ,扩大内需便成为我国经济发展的基本立足点。但货币政策在这方面的功能似显得很不足 ,使我国不得不依靠大规模财政投资来维持经济增长。本文从前瞻性消费的角度对货币政策效应的发挥作了较深入的探讨 ,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

固定汇率体系下的货币政策:对未来中国货币政策的探讨

Using a macro dynamic model that is specified for the current Chinese economy, we investigate the monetary policy in China under the assumption that the capital market was “open” under WTO frame-work while the exchange rate was fixed. Our purpose here is to find whether it is possible for China in this case to keep the effective monetary policy for stabilizing the domestic economy. For this, we suggest some institutional arrangements (or restrictions). Given these institutional restrictions, we find that not only the monetary policy can still be effective but also the fixed exchange regime will strengthen the macroeconomic stability shared by both the domestic economy and the economy of its trade partners. The dynamic analysis of the model further shows that the under-valued RMB is necessary for the target exchange rate to be sustainable. Finally, due to the import pattern of the current Chinese economy, RMB appreciation will not help to resolve the trade deficit problem in the Western economy with respect to China.      

The political economy of the impossible trinity

This paper reconsiders the policy trilemma in an open economy by incorporating political economy concerns. We argue that the impact of government ideology on monetary independence, exchange rate stability, and capital flow restrictions should be analyzed in the broader context of restrictions imposed by the impossible trinity instead of the usual single-dimensional constraints. Employing a de facto measurement of these restrictions for a sample of 111 countries from 1980 to 2010, we show that the impact of government ideology on a country's position in this trilemma is highly context dependent: we find that its impact on exchange rate stability and monetary independence varies between developed and developing countries. We also show that the impact of government ideology on these two trilemma components is contingent on the stance of the respective economy's business cycle. Left-leaning governments seem to favor exchange rate stability over monetary independence in case of a negative output gap; suggesting a reversal of their commonly assumed partisan preferences in economically tight times.     

Understanding China’s monetary policy: an institutional perspective

Given China’s status as a large transitional economy, analysing the country’s monetary policy requires an understanding of the institutional and policy environment within which monetary policy operates. As China’s monetary policy has multiple objectives and the central bank is subordinate to the State Council in monetary policy decisions, addressing deep-rooted structural issues and improving governance and institutions are essential so that monetary policy can be more focused and effective. Confronted with the Impossible Trinity dilemma, China faces daunting challenges in tackling the inevitable policy choice between monetary autonomy and exchange rate control as its capital account increasingly liberalises. This article analyses China’s unique and evolving monetary policy framework from an institutional perspective and evaluates the challenges to monetary management and reforms. Relevant policy implications for monetary policy implementation are also discussed.     

Structural VAR models for Malaysian monetary policy analysis during the pre- and post-1997 Asian crisis periods

This article conducts an in-depth investigation into building a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model and analysing the Malaysian monetary policy. Considerable attention is paid to: (i) the selection of foreign, policy and target variables; (ii) establish identifying restrictions and improve the estimates of impulse response functions; (iii) assess the importance of intermediate channels in transmitting monetary policy mechanism; and (iv) the way in which the 1997 Asian financial crisis affected the working of monetary policy. Malaysia is an interesting small open economy to study because, following this crisis, the government imposed capital and exchange rate control measures. The overall results suggest that the crisis and the subsequent major shift in the exchange rate regime have significantly affected the Malaysian ‘Black Box’. In the pre-crisis period, domestic variables appear to be more vulnerable to foreign monetary shocks. Further, the exchange rate played a significant role in transmitting the interest rate shocks, whereas credit and asset prices helped to propagate the money shock. In the post-crisis period however, asset prices play a more domineering role in intensifying the effects of both interest rate and money shocks on output, and the economy was insulated from foreign shocks.     

Monetary policy and exchange rates: Further evidence using a new method for implementing sign restrictions

This paper estimates SVARs for four small and three large economies. Sign restrictions are used to identify all the shocks in the SVARs, while being agnostic about the sign of the response of the real exchange rate to a relative monetary policy shock. The large number of sets of impulse responses to be judged by sign restrictions for either retention or rejection is generated by a newly proposed method which utilizes instrumental variable estimation. The responses show an absence of an exchange rate puzzle in each economy. The peak appreciation following a contractionary monetary policy shock occurs with at most a one quarter delay in the small countries and, for the United States, on impact. For the Euro region and Japan, the peak appreciation is in the long run. There is considerable model uncertainty in the responses.     

Understanding the dynamics of the macroeconomic trilemma

This paper tests the autonomy of domestic monetary policy in the context of the macroeconomic policy trilemma for a large data-set of developing and developed countries covering three different time periods characterized with different exchange rate regimes and capital controls. The existing literature uses fixed coefficient methodologies to examine monetary policy independence; whereas we show that the coefficients of interest are unstable as countries switch between different exchange rate regimes and/or capital controls over time. The contribution is in using a time-varying parameter model that better captures the effects of the heterogeneity in different exchange rate regimes and capital mobility restrictions on monetary policy independence over time, allowing a more accurate test of the macroeconomic trilemma.     

Monetary Policy in Russia: Identifying exchange rate shocks

Russian monetary policy has failed persistently to achieve sustained low inflation, both in absolute terms and relative to the peer group of countries similarly exiting from Soviet-style central planning. This paper explores the reasons for this state of affairs by analysing the kind of monetary policy that has been pursued by the central bank during the period 1995 to 2009. Our contribution is to search for a possible transmission channel between the real interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, output growth and foreign reserve growth, after having controlled for the effect of oil price inflation. Using a vector autoregressive model in error-correction form and using sign restrictions methodology, we show that the monetary authorities’ failure to abate double-digit inflation appears to be driven by the policy of exchange rate targeting, as reflected in our identified exchange rate shocks.     

Currency substitution,policy rule and pass-through: evidence from Turkey

In this article we analyse empirically currency substitution and exchange rate pass-through in the Turkish Economy, where their ongoing presence could undermine the implementation of a successful monetary policy, especially in a flexible exchange rate regime. Even though a considerable time has passed after the implementation of a flexible exchange rate regime in Turkey, by using Vector Error Correction model for the period from 1987 to 2004, we find that the currency substitution and exchange rate pass-through still have importance in the Turkish Economy and the monetary policy stance has been considerably strong, possibly, as a response of ongoing presence of them. If this is the case, to avoid the undesired consequences of this strong monetary policy, Turkey should consider some policy measures to reduce the degree of pass-through and currency substitution.     

Asymmetric effects of monetary policy shocks on economic performance: empirical evidence from Turkey

This study investigates the asymmetric effects of monetary policy shocks on the macroeconomic variables of exchange rate, output and inflation for an emerging economy ? Turkey ? by using monthly data between 1990 and 2014. We employ the innovative nonlinear vector autoregressive model of Kilian and Vigfusson (2011), which allows us to observe the effect of different stances (tight or loose) and different sizes (small or large) of monetary policy actions. Our empirical evidence reveals that tight monetary policy, which, in this case, is captured with a positive shock to interest rate, decreases exchange rate, output and prices, as economic theory suggests. Loose monetary policy, which is captured with a negative shock to interest rate, has the opposite effect on these variables. However, the effects of loose monetary policy are weaker than the effects of tight monetary policy because loose monetary policy shocks are less effective than tight monetary policy shocks. Moreover, as the magnitude of a shock increases, the difference between the effects of tight and loose monetary policy policies also increases.