Market Share Inequality,the Number of Competitors,and the HHI: An Examination of Bank Pricing

This paper seeks to determine whether the Herfindahl--Hirschman index (HHI) adequately accounts for the roles of market share inequality and the number of competitors in explaining bank deposit and loan rates. This is been done by estimating deposit-rate and loan-rate equations in which the HHI is decomposed into components that reflect share inequality and number of competitors and, alternatively, by adding measures of share inequality and the number of competitors as additional explanatory variables. Results are inconclusive in the case of deposit rates but suggest that the HHI does not give sufficient weight to the number of competitors in explaining loan rates.     

Channel relationship and business uncertainty: Evidence from the Hong Kong market

This study examines the dynamics of channel relationships between an end user and multiple suppliers in Hong Kong, a major international logistics hub in Asia. Drawing on the literature on channel relationships, we examine the links between different channel relationship variables and the contingent effect of business uncertainty on the links between these variables and supplier commitment. The results of the study indicate that expected relationship continuity mediates the effects of trust and relationship quality on commitment. Furthermore, the positive effect of trust on commitment is found to be stronger when business uncertainty is high than when business uncertainty is low. As supply chain management is becoming essential for firms to succeed in today's business, industrial marketing managers need to be aware of the dynamics in channel relationships and to better manage their supply chains. The implications of our findings for research and for the practice of channel relationship management are provided.     

The impact of trust and contract on innovation performance: The moderating role of environmental uncertainty

Research into two important control mechanisms for managing the supply chain relationship - contracts and trust - is on the rise. However, our understanding of how they influence innovation in a firm remains rather unclear. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to examine the individual and interactive effects of contracts and trust on firms' innovation performance and the contingent effects of environmental uncertainty on those relationships in China. The empirical results from a survey of Chinese manufacturing firms indicate that there is a positive relationship between trust and firms' innovation performance, an inverted U-shaped relationship between the use of contracts and firms' innovation performance, and that contracts and trust are substitutes. Moreover, we find that environmental uncertainty enhances the effects of trust, but does not influence the impact of contracts on innovation performance.     

Unsupervised KDD to creatively support managers' decision making with fuzzy association rules: A distribution channel application

To be competitive in contemporary turbulent environments, firms must be capable of processing huge amounts of information, and effectively convert it into actionable knowledge. This is particularly the case in the marketing context, where problems are also usually highly complex, unstructured and ill-defined. In recent years, the development of marketing management support systems has paralleled this evolution in informational problems faced by managers, leading to a growth in the study (and use) of artificial intelligence and soft computing methodologies. Here, we present and implement a novel intelligent system that incorporates fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms to operate in an unsupervised manner. This approach allows the discovery of interesting association rules, which can be linguistically interpreted, in large scale databases (KDD or Knowledge Discovery in Databases.) We then demonstrate its application to a distribution channel problem. It is shown how the proposed system is able to return a number of novel and potentially-interesting associations among variables. Thus, it is argued that our method has significant potential to improve the analysis of marketing and business databases in practice, especially in non-programmed decisional scenarios, as well as to assist scholarly researchers in their exploratory analysis.     

美国现行反垄断法对软件产业的适用性探析--以搭售和掠夺性定价为例

本文对软件产业的搭售与掠夺性定价行为进行了法律和经济分析。在美国现行的反垄断法体系中，这是属于典型的滥用市场势力的两种行为。但在软件产业却不能凭借传统标准简单地把这两种行为归结为垄断行为，而应从产业本身的特点和竞争环境出发谨慎对待。如一味运用美国现行的反垄断法惩罚软件产业正当的竞争行为，只会从更大程度上抑制竞争，损害消费者福利。在网络经济条件下，反垄断法应该顺应经济和技术的     

反垄断、规制与产业组织研究新进展--中国工业经济研究与开发促进会2005年年会暨产业组织与政府规制研讨会学术观点综述

本文对中国工业经济研究与开发促进会2005年年会暨产业组织与政府规制研讨会的主要学术观点进行了介绍，综述了反垄断、规制与产业组织研究的新进展，涉及纵向限制、双边市场、网络融合、集体谈判等前沿内容。     

Performance feedback and supplier selection: A perspective from the behavioral theory of the firm

Drawing upon the behavioral theory of the firm, this study explores the behavioral antecedent of buying firms' decisions in supplier selection through relational referrals, beyond the predominant argument from relational network theory. Centering on the risk and uncertainty of searching for new suppliers, this study attempts to integrate the behavioral theory and relational network theory in explaining buying firms' supplier selection. Data from 112 Chinese manufacturing firms were used to test the hypotheses. The results suggest that performance feedback triggers buying firms' decision on the extent of reliance on relational referrals to select suppliers. Outperforming firms are more likely to use relational network to select suppliers while underperforming firms are less likely to use. This relationship will be strengthened when the intensity of market competition and specific investment in buyer-supplier relationship are high.     

模糊网络总工期隶属函数及路径关键度分析

为了求取模糊网络总工期隶属函数和路径关键度,以模糊扩展定理和模糊截集概念为基础,通过求取所有活动的模糊截集,将模糊网络转变为一系列不同α截集下的区间网络。根据模糊扩展定理可知,这些区间网络的工期范围即为模糊网络总工期的α截集,由此可以构建出模糊网络总工期隶属函数。依据Chanas提出的模糊网络路径关键度定义,利用区间网络关键路径与模糊网络关键度的关系,计算出所有路径的关键度。列举了一个活动持续时间为LR型模糊数的模糊网络总工期隶属函数和路径关键度运算实例。     

The Effects of Megamergers on Efficiency and Prices: Evidence from a Bank Profit Function

This paper examines the efficiency and price effects of mergers by applying a frontier profit function to data on bank megamergers. We find that merged banks experience a statistically significant 16 percentage point average increase in profit efficiency rank relative to other large banks. Most of the improvement is from increasing revenues, including a shift in outputs from securities to loans, a higher-valued product. Improvements were greatest for the banks with the lowest efficiencies prior to merging, who therefore had the greatest capacity for improvement. By comparison, the effects on profits from merger-related changes in prices were found to be very small.     

煤矿安全管理综合定量评价的熵值模型及应用

提出了基于熵的煤矿安全管理综合定量评价方法,建立了影响煤矿安全管理的通风安全管理、矿井防尘管理、矿井瓦斯防治管理、矿井水害防治管理、顶板管理、矿井温度、设备可靠性、设备防爆性、设备日常维护、设备定期检修、工作人员作业管理、员工培训管理、员工出勤率考核、工作量管理、工程质量管理、监控系统管理、安全信息管理的评价指标体系,并采用模糊数学综合评价方法对富山煤业安全管理进行了综合评价研究,通过隶属函数并结合专家打分获得各个因素的评价矩阵;并结合信息熵法获得富山煤业煤矿的安全管理评价等级为良好,得出该矿需要在安全管理、优化矿井通风系统等方面进一步加强安全管理工作,保证矿井安全生产。     

顺酐工艺技术路线的综合评价与择优

从生产成本、能耗、技术路线的先进性、操作与维护等方面对以正丁烷为原料生产顺酐的四种工艺技术进行综合对比评价，用模糊数学的方法选择最优工艺。     

Manufacturer-supplier guanxi strategy: An examination of contingent environmental factors

While guanxi is a cultural norm in China, the development and maintenance of guanxi can also be viewed as a business relationship management strategy that is leveraged by organizations in response to environmental conditions. The current research proposes that participation in guanxi is not equal to actively pursuing guanxi as a business strategy. Rather, firms respond to external environmental factors through guanxi management. Drawing on contingency theory and based on the perspectives of a China-based manufacturer respondent sample, a conceptual model of environmental factors that influence manufacturer-supplier guanxi is proposed and tested. The results indicate that supply and demand market uncertainties and legal environment complexity significantly affect levels of manufacturer-supplier guanxi, and that guanxi influences the use of non-coercive power by manufacturers. Contrary to expectations, manufacturer dependence on a major supplier did not influence levels of guanxi. The study findings and their implications extend current knowledge of inter-organizational guanxi and its influence on business-to-business relationships.     

Size and relatedness of units sold: An agency theory and resource-based perspective

This study tests the effects of ownership concentration, outside director equity holdings, and corporate strategy on, and the Performance implications of, the size and relatedness of units sold by parent firms. The study is based on a model that integrates agency and resource-based theories, and a sample of sell-offs by 112 Fortune 500 firms. Ownership concentration is found to be associated positively with the sale of unrelated and small units. This relationship is strengthened when outside director equity is high. In addition, the effects of corporate strategy types on the characteristics of units sold depend on ownership concentration and outside director equity. Finally, post'sell-off performance of the parent firm is associated negatively with the relatedness of the unit sold. These results suggest that the type of unit sold depends on the type of economic benefit sought by the parent firm.     

应用灰色理论和模糊数学方法分析和评价进口液化天然气的安全和质量状态

对进口液化天然气（LNG）涉及的各种安全和质量状态指标进行了量的分级,然后应用灰色系统理论和模糊数学方法,建立了进口LNG安全和质量状态分析系统：并用建立的灰色理论分析评价系统对深圳和莆田口岸进口的LNG进行了安全和质量状态分析。     

Family ostracism and proactive customer service performance: An explanation from conservation of resources theory

Asia Pacific Journal of Management - Despite the burgeoning interest in work-family conflict, little is known about how family stressors influences employees’ attitudes and behaviors in the...     

Endogenous capacities and price competition: The role of demand uncertainty

We analyze the role of demand uncertainty in markets of fixed size, in which firms take long-run capacity decisions prior to competing in prices. We characterize the set of subgame perfect Nash equilibria under various assumptions regarding the nature and timing of demand uncertainty. In order to prove equilibrium existence, we identify a sufficient condition for the capacity choice game to be submodular. This condition resembles the standard downward-sloping marginal revenue condition used in Cournot games. A robust conclusion of the analysis is that equilibrium capacity choices are asymmetric, even when firms are ex-ante identical. Concerning the equivalence between the capacity-price game and the Cournot game, we find that with inelastic demands, the equilibria of the former belong to the equilibrium set of the latter. However, as compared to the Cournot game, the capacity-price game leads to lower prices and generates price dispersion.     

An evolutionary framework for service innovation: Insights of complexity theory for service science

There is an increasing need for a theory-based and industry-oriented framework for service innovation in both research and practice. However the study of service innovation has been somewhat limited. This paper applies two models of complexity theory (Kauffman's NK model in biology and organizational ambidexterity in organization science) for service innovation and proposes a novel perspective on service innovation as an evolutionary process, which is interactive, local, unpredictable, and emergent. The paper also proposes a typology of service innovation that includes eight different strategic orientations of service innovation; also included are illustrations from a knowledge-intensive service industry, particularly the IT-based consulting and service industry sector. Drawing from this complexity theory perspective, the paper discusses numerous implications for future conceptualization of service, multidimensionality of service innovation, and service innovation strategies.     

Consumer awareness of organic products in Spain: An application of multinominal logit models

Organically produced foods have shown remarkable industry growth. Even with strict adherence to the production practices and increasing availability, the majority of consumers are still not aware of organically produced alternatives. Awareness of organics does not necessarily translate into actual consumption. Achieving awareness and understanding the linkage between awareness and purchasing organics is fundamental to impacting the demand for organically grown products. This study focuses on the responses of Spanish consumers regarding their state of knowledge about organic foods products. Consumer demographic characteristics, knowledge of enriched foods, and price perceptions are shown to impact awareness and consumption. Multinomial logit models are used to predict probabilities of awareness. Then probit models are estimated to link awareness and the actual consumption of organic foods. Factors impacting both awareness and consumption are explored using simulation methods and the coefficients from the logit and probit models.     

中间组织理论:基于不确定性与缓冲视角

本文认为,在市场经济条件下,生产性组织赖以生存的最基本功能在于对不确定性的处理和缓冲机制的建立。本文基于不确定性理论．探讨了生产性组织形态向中间组织形态的演进,提出应对不确定性的缓冲功能与利用不确定性的创新功能两个方面是组织形态演进的核心问题。缓冲功能打破了一体化组织的边界,是中间组织形态的必要条件;创新功能真正决定着中间组织的发展与壮大,是中间组织的充分条件。