We the living: the effects of living and deceased donor stories on charitable bequest giving intentions

Choosing messages to encourage charitable bequest giving may be particularly challenging given sensitivity to personal mortality reminders. Previous research suggests that people often react to mortality reminders with avoidance, including distancing themselves from those associated with death. We compare the effects of otherwise similar living and deceased bequest donor stories on subsequent intentions to leave a charitable bequest. Although both story types significantly increased subsequent intentions to leave a charitable bequest, living donor stories consistently outperformed otherwise identical deceased donor stories. Fundraisers may do well to emphasize stories of living planned bequest donors and de‐emphasize death and the deceased in charitable bequest fundraising messaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Donor recognition: A double-edged sword in charitable giving

Previous studies discover confounding results on how donor recognition affects individual charitable giving. To answer the questions of how different donor recognition schemes affect individual giving and what type is more effective as a marketing strategy to meet different fundraising goals, we conducted a field experiment in China with three donor recognition types: voluntary, involuntary, and mandatory donor recognition. We used social media to recognize donors and verified the field experiment results with naturally occurring data. We observed similar behavioral patterns in both samples. The results of this study explain the mixed results from previous studies, suggesting that there is no one-size-fits-all approach for recognizing donors. Decision makers of nonprofit organizations need to select the appropriate type of donor recognition based on their fundraising goals.     

Exploring the role of charitable ethnocentrism and donation motives in international giving: Empirical evidence from Germany

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the drivers of international giving intention by examining the joint effect of ethnocentrism and donation motives. More specifically, this study analyzes the direct effect of charitable ethnocentrism on the intention to give to international causes. Additionally, the study investigates the moderating effect of charitable ethnocentrism on the relationships between donation motives and the intention to donate to international causes. This study's findings indicate that ethnocentric donors are less willing to donate to international causes. Moreover, the study results show that the effects of egoistic and tax-saving donation motives vary across different levels of charitable ethnocentrism: charitable ethnocentrism enhances the effect of the egoism motive on international donation intention, whereas the effect of the tax-saving motive on international giving intention is mitigated. Based on the empirical findings, this study discusses implications for theory and practice along with study limitations and avenues for future research.     

Targeting wealthy donors: the dichotomous relationship of housing wealth with current and bequest giving

Identifying the charitable potential of current and prospective donors is a key component of successful fund‐raising, particularly in the areas of major gifts and planned giving. Previous research has provided support for the positive impact of two core financial factors, total wealth, and homeownership. Using data from the USA and Australia, this paper examines how the interaction of these two variables can generate negative effects on charitable giving. In particular, as the share of total wealth held in homeownership rises, both the likelihood and level of charitable giving falls. This relationship is consistent across current giving, planned bequest giving, and actual bequest giving and in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal models. These findings suggest that prospect research models incorporating asset type, as well as total wealth, may better predict likely donor potential. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加强企业货币资金的内部控制，防范企业财务风险

企业的现金及银行存款作为企业流动性最强的资产,对它的内部会计控制尤为重要。目前一些企业对现金及银行存款的内部控制还存在不少问题,企业应从建立货币资金业务的岗位责任制,配备合格的人员,严格的授权批准制度以及货币资金控制的监督检查制度方面,完善货币资金的内部控制。     

Researching the crowd: Implications on philanthropic crowdfunding and donor characteristics during a pandemic

New online forms of giving have appeared next to more traditional ways like door-to-door collections. One of these new forms is philanthropic crowdfunding: donation- and reward-based crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a promising method for mobilising and recruiting donors who may be unreachable via traditional methods. We analysed online giving via crowdfunding, focusing on donor characteristics and giving behaviour before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis comprises survey research (n = 2125) observing giving behaviour on an individual level for both donors and non-donors. Our contributions are twofold. First, we report on the characteristics of donors who give to crowdfunding sources and in relation to donors who give via a door-to-door (i.e., ‘traditional’) collection focusing on micro- rather than macro-level data. Second, we compare the giving behaviour via crowdfunding with references to door-to-door collections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that the percentage of individuals supporting crowdfunding did not increase between 2018 (11%) and 2020 (12%). Regarding the amount, donors donated 13% higher amounts in 2020, but the difference was not significant. Regarding the characteristics of donors, we find that social media has a substantive role in giving via crowdfunding irrespective of other personal markers such as age, education, income, and gender, while this is not relevant in the case of door-to-door collection. Moreover, most people give to crowdfunding projects that are connected to an acquaintance, which signals that familiarity with the person initiating the crowdfunding projects plays a role. We conclude that crowdfunding, relative to more traditional giving, focuses more on informal giving than formal giving. Such an understanding requires different strategies and stimuli to increase giving via crowdfunding.     

Sense‐giving in health care: the relationship between the HR roles of line managers and employee commitment

In this article, we examine line manager prioritisation of HR roles and the consequences for employee commitment in a health‐care setting. Our analysis is based on a quantitative, multi‐actor study (509 employees and 67 line managers) in four Dutch hospitals. Using sense‐giving as a theoretical lens, we demonstrate that, in addition to the effects of high commitment HRM, prioritising the Employee Champion role alone and the Employee Champion and Strategic Partner roles in combination is associated with higher employee commitment. We argue that through performing roles that are evocative of deep‐seated values, such as excellent patient care and concern for others, line managers can have a positive effect on staff attitudes. In a sector often beleaguered by staff turnover, exhaustion and burnout, we offer an important, empirically based framework that has the potential to improve employee commitment and, from there, enhance performance.     

Sufficiency of an outside bank and a default penalty to support the value of fiat money: Experimental evidence

We present a model in which an outside bank and a default penalty support the value of fiat money, and experimental evidence that the theoretical predictions about the behavior of such economies, based on the Fisher-condition, work reasonably well in a laboratory setting. The import of this finding for the theory of money is to show that the presence of a societal bank and default laws provide sufficient structure to support the use of fiat money and use of the bank rate to influence inflation or deflation, although other institutions could provide alternatives.     

浅谈如何应用科学发展观引领内部审计向管理效益审计延伸

科学发展观是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针,是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持的重大战略思想。浅谈如何应用科学发展观引领内部审计由财务收支审计向管理效益审计延伸。     

Pay level satisfaction and employee outcomes: the moderating effect of autonomy and support climates

The present study examined autonomy climate (AC) and support climate (SC) as moderators of the relationship between pay level satisfaction (PLS) and employee outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction, affective commitment and intention to stay). Survey data were collected from 5801 Belgian employees, representing 148 units. The hypotheses derived from distributive justice theory and from research on the meaning of money received partial support. Multilevel analyses revealed that AC buffered the negative effects of low PLS on all three outcomes, and that SC exacerbated the negative effects of low PLS on intention to stay. Theoretical and practical implications of this differential moderating effect are discussed.     

Validating the Construct of Public Service Motivation in For-profit Organizations: A preliminary study

Delineating the theoretical link between individuals’ discretion and motivations in the private sector and their public service behaviours in Chinese society, this study explored public service motivation (PSM) in for-profit organizations. A survey of 348 employees from three engineering consulting organizations in China validated the construct of PSM in for-profit organizations. Besides the positive correlation between conscientiousness and PSM, the current study demonstrated that a positive correlation exists between PSM and community citizenship behaviour (CCB) with love of money (LOM) as a marginal moderator: the positive relationship between PSM and CCB is marginally stronger when LOM is higher, vice versa.     

基于预付账款的贸易融资模式、优势及风险分析——以徽商银行A支行为例

贸易融资业务是商业银行为处于正常产业链中的客户设计的一种新的金融产品,基于预付账款的贸易融资是其中的一种。结合徽商银行A支行的实践,本文探讨基于预付账款的贸易融资模式,分析其优势和相关风险,指出基于预付账款的贸易融资应依托中心厂商、封闭货物流和资金流才能实现客户的有效融资、保障业务行的资产安全。     

金融创新产品风险的适应性监管机制探索——以MBS、CDO、CDS为例

金融创新产品风险的监管不到位是2007年美国次贷危机及2008年全球金融危机爆发的主要原因之一。在对MBS、CDO与CDS等创新产品风险及监管进行分析基础上创建的金融创新产品风险适应性监管机制框架包括风险的识别、风险的层级报告、风险的预警、风险的监管介入、风险的处理和金融危机与经济危机的预防六个部分。     

Visions of 70 years of psychometrics: the past, present, and future

Psychometrics as a separate discipline is approximately 70 years old. Over the last 60 years, there has been an active participation of Dutch researchers in psychometrics. Ten years ago, Van der Heijden and Sijtsma [Statistica Neerlandica (1996) vol. 50, pp. 111–135] described the development of Dutch psychometrics and, as a follow up, we investigated the current state of psychometrics. This study is done through a series of interviews with 12 prominent psychometricians who participated in the International Meeting of the Psychometric Society in Tilburg from July 4 to 9, 2005. Their opinions on the past and present contributions of psychometrics, and their outlook on future developments were sought.     

Measuring global flow of funds: focus on China,Japan, and the United States

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to establish a new statistical framework for measuring global flow of funds (GFF) based on its inherent mechanisms. It advances a previous theoretical discussion and develops a practical operational statistical matrix. Based on theoretical and practical possibilities the paper gets existing data from the International Investment Position, the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey, the Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey, and International Banking Statistics are integrated for measuring GFF. The main outcome is a prototype GFF matrix that includes stock data geographically disaggregated by country/region and selected financial instruments. The paper presents a GFF Matrix compiled with the pattern of ‘Country vis-à-vis Country’ matrix, and through using the GFF matrix to analyze the basic status, mutual relationship and existing problems between China, Japan, and the United States in the external financial positions.     

金融发展、FDI技术溢出与中国经济增长——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

基于1990年-2008年中国省际面板数据,就金融发展水平决定的FDI溢出效应对中国经济增长影响的实证研究表明,样本期内FDI通过其资本积累效应,对中国经济增长产生了显著的促进作用,且这一作用有随时间而强化的趋势;金融发展具有放大FDI技术溢出效应的作用,并由此对中国经济增长产生正面影响,但目前来看这一影响还比较小;"金融抑制"现象依然存在并对中国经济增长产生了不利影响,但在经历了多年的金融体制改革之后,"金融抑制"现象已有所减轻,其对经济增长的负面影响趋于减弱。     

Waste of money or growth opportunity: The causal effect of EU subsidies on Hungarian SMEs

Although EU subsidies aiming at economic development play a pivotal role not only for Hungary but for the entire European Union as well, there is a debate regarding their effectiveness in the literature. This paper investigates the impact of direct economic development subsidies extended in the context of Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund as part of the 2007–2013 programming period of the European Union on Hungarian micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on a micro database, we evaluate the impact of corporates’ first subsidies on various performance indicators, using a combination of propensity score matching and fixed effects panel regression. According to our results, economic development funds had a significant positive effect on the number of employees, sales revenue, gross value added and, in some cases, operating profit. However, the labour productivity of enterprises was not significantly affected by any of the support schemes. Furthermore, by explicitly comparing non-refundable subsidies (grants) and refundable assistance (financial instruments), we find that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two types of subsidy.     

企业财务规划研究视角的变迁

随着市场环境的变化,企业财务规划的目标、内涵及模型也都发生了变化,这使财务规划的研究因之不断深入。传统的以财务计划为主要形式的财务规划研究已不能适应现代企业财务管理的需要。随着价值管理被越来越多的企业所重视,财务规划研究更强调目标的价值性、内容上的增长性与战略性以及机制上的动态性。     

财务共享中心下的企业财务管理转型研究

以“大智移云物”为代表的新兴技术正在颠覆传统,为各行各业带来源源不断的变化。基于此背景,共享经济新业态逐日升温,企业财务转型迫在眉睫。财务共享服务是企业财务转型的必经之路,其能够实现财务数据的云端共享,改革现行财务工作模式。财务共享中心不仅是财务核算与报告中心,还是决策支持系统,拥有针对企业管理控制系统的反馈作用,其能够助力财务人员工作效率和质量的提升,同时推进财务管理创新与转型。基于此,论文首先论述了财务共享中心的概念和作用,其次对财务管理转型的重要性进行分析,最后提出了可行的转型策略,为相关企业提供参考。     

完善融资租赁合同法律制度的探讨

制订《融资租赁合同条例》,完善相关法规,特别是对融资租赁合同的中途解约,租赁物的所有权与承租人破产时租赁物的归属及融资租赁合同中的索赔权转移等问题作出明确规定。