The technological system of Chinese manufacturing industry: A sectorial approach

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the technological system of Chinese manufacturing. The input–output method and network analysis are applied to investigate the structure and performance at the system level and the role of each sector at the individual level in 1997 and 2002. Firstly, the R&D-flow matrices for per unit output are constructed to examine the technology intensity and constitution of each sector. And then they are combined with the economic size and R&D investment structure in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the system at the gross level, and reveal the main technology diffusion providers, acquirers and techno-economic flows between sectors. Results of both years show that the R&D performance and technology providing for diffusion are more concentrated than technology acquiring, and this difference becomes even greater in 2002. There are fewer sectors which act as main technology diffusion sources while more sectors participate as acquirers of technology diffusion. The techno-economic flows have high dependence on a few traditional sectors and the contribution of high-tech sectors such as ICT is quite limited.     

Labor markets and innovation

We examine the effects on the comparative R&D performance of firms of the different labor market conditions they face. The conditions we consider are the bargaining strength of the unions firms face and the contents of the bargain they negotiate. In particular we consider whether unions can bargain over when new technology is introduced. In the theoretical part of the paper we show that increased union strength can sometimes increase the possibility that a firm will successfully innovate, but that allowing a union to delay the introduction of new technology generally reduces a firm's R&D success. Empirical evidence from the United Kingdom shows that both union strength and the type of bargain that unions undertake have significant impacts on R&D spending.     

Long-term development prospects of the Russian information and communications sector

This paper presents a development forecast for the Russian information and communications sector. Two scenarios-inert and innovative investment—are explored for each period. According to the results of our study, in the period from 2010 to 2030, the output of the Russian information and communications sector will increase by a factor of 3.52–4 under the investment scenario and by a factor of 2–2.5 under the inert scenario. This is due to the limited private and public resources that could be invested in the sector on a large scale, as well as to the absence of basic innovation in the area of information and communication technologies, which could have a significant economic impact and provide a basis for a new technological order. It is concluded that the information and communications sector is running out of its market expansion potential.     

区块链在技术交易领域应用场景探讨

近年来我国逐渐搭建起相对完善的促进科技成果转移转化体系,不断加大科技成果转移转化工作力度。技术交易作为科技成果转化和技术转移工作的最终归属,加强运用新技术提升其质量和水平,对健全我国科技成果转移转化体系建设、促进经济增长具有重要意义。区块链作为颠覆性创新技术,正在催生新一轮的技术变革和产业变革。合理地应用区块链于技术交易领域,有助于促进信息交融、降低交易成本和提升技术交易效率。     

Building the dynamic linkages between R & D and productivity growth

This study attempts to integrate the dynamic and spillover characteristics of R & D into the explanation of total factor productivity growth. To characterize the dynamic feature of R & D, the dynamic growth model is reformulated to explicitly consider the contribution of R & D. The two different types of spillover effects are characterized as one that can be used directly and the other that needs to be assimilated by firms' own investment. Empirical application of the theoretical methodology facilitates investigating factors contributing to the growth of the manufacturing sector in Taiwan over the period 1980–1991. It is found that the scale-related components have a dominant contribution in the growth of total factor productivity contributing approximately 95.3% of the growth. Although the spillover effect is quite insignificant, accumulation of R & D capital contributes nearly half of the residual growth of the manufacturing sector.     

Managing technological development: Lessons from the newly industrializing countries

This survey looks at the technological development of the newly industrializing countries to draw some important lessons for firms and governments in other developing countries. First, inventing products and processes is not at the center of the technological development needed for successful industrialization. It is at the fringe. What is at the center is acquiring the capabilities needed for efficient production and investment. Second, some countries have overemphasized the drive for technological self-sufficiency and paid a high price in poor productivity. What makes the best economic sense is to combine foreign and local technological elements—and to do this in a way that progressively develops local capabilities in areas where they can be more efficient. Third, the acquisition of technological capability does not come merely from experience, though experience is important. It comes from conscious efforts — to monitor what is being done, to try new things, to keep track of developments throughout the world, to accumulate added skills, and to increase the ability to respond to new pressures and opportunities. Fourth, the economic environment, through its influence on the technological efforts of firms, is very important in determining the productivity of a country's resources. The environment is shaped by the incentives and penalties that affect the way firms use and adapt technology. It is also shaped by the activities of specialized technological agents that can provide technological information, means, and understanding to firms.     

The Cross-industry Spillover of Technological Capability: Korea’s DRAM and TFT–LCD Industries

Studies of Korea’s Thin Film Transistor–Liquid Crystal Display (TFT–LCD) industry have emphasized the government policy, industrial organization, and the firm’s strategy as key success factors. However, the fact that knowledge spillover, which tends to occur between highly technologically related industries, can lead to a reduction in innovation effort has been overlooked. We examined the technological relationships between Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) and TFT–LCD industries and investigated their spillover into the areas of technology, human resources and organization, and network. The results show spillover in capital control, technology, production and quality management, organizational systems, and key personnel. This implies that spillover effect in high technology firms may diversify their products due to existing technological capabilities.     

后补贴时代新能源汽车产业展望：政策梳理与技术分析

随着2023年补贴完全退出，中国新能源汽车应用推广政策从财政支持转向重点鼓励技术创新。在概述中国新能源汽车产业发展现状的基础上，梳理近年来新能源汽车相关的补贴和技术创新政策，然后使用incoPat专利数据库从多方面分析中国新能源汽车发明专利和技术创新情况。研究发现，中国新能源汽车保持迅猛发展，且在重点企业和发达地区呈现一定的产业集中度，产业政策中更为注重技术创新方面，专利申请数量稳步增长，技术创新对于市场发展有明显的促进作用。但新能源汽车技术创新也存在专利维持时间不长、市场价值不高、地区或申请人不能兼顾专利质量和数量等问题，就此提出国家细化技术创新奖励体系、各地因地制宜制定政策、领头企业示范引领等建议。     

环境信息披露质量、技术创新与企业价值——基于重污染行业上市公司的经验数据

以2015—2020年重污染行业上市公司数据为样本，实证检验环境信息披露水平对企业价值的影响，以及企业技术创新在其中的中介效应。研究结果表明，环境信息披露与企业价值呈“U”形关系，并且环境信息披露可以通过技术创新这一路径影响企业价值，即技术创新在两者关系中发挥了部分正向中介作用。进一步选取产权性质作为研究对象，探究产权性质在环境信息披露水平中的价值效应，结果发现相比于国有企业，环境信息披露行为对非国有企业价值的作用更显著。     

Education,skill training,and lifelong learning in the era of technological revolution: a review

Rapid technological development makes skills depreciate faster than in the past while new technologies generate gaps in workers' skills and call for the acquisition of appropriate skills and lifelong learning. Proper skill mixes for future jobs include strong cognitive skills, basic information and communication technology, and analytical skills, as well as a range of non-cognitive skills such as creativity, problem-solving, critical thinking, and communication. Retraining and reskilling workers are also crucial, particularly as life expectancy increases. All these changes lead to a major rethinking of education and skill training throughout a person's life. This paper reviews the recent studies on human capital and skill formation in the era of rapid technological progress. Findings from these studies, particularly in labour economics, can shed light on new directions for lifelong education policies, for example (1) parental investment in pre-school learning is reflected in highly positive adult outcomes; (2) as far as education inputs are concerned, teacher quality is far more important than additional school resources; and (3) government workforce training programs are largely ineffective as compared to private training, which contribute significantly to worker productivity.     

The industry origins of Japanese economic growth

This paper presents new data on the sources of growth for the Japanese economy over the period 1960–2000. The principal innovation is the incorporation of detailed information for individual industries, including those involved in the production of computers, communications equipment, and electronic components as information technology equipment. We show that economic growth is dominated by investments and productivity growth in information technology, both for individual industries and the economy as a whole. We also show that the revival of total factor productivity growth accounts for the modest resurgence of the Japanese economy since 1995. J. Japanese Int. Economies 19 (4) (2005) 482–542.     

中国省级农业科学院科技资源错配及其对产出影响

优化农业科技资源配置是实现高水平农业科技自立自强、建设农业强国的重要条件，作为农业科技创新主体重要组成部分的省级农业科学院必须高效利用有限的科技资源。根据资源错配理论，构建科技资源错配模型，测算中国26个省级农业科学院2005—2019年科技人力资源、科技财力资源的相对错配指数以及科技产出损失，比较科技人力资源、科技财力资源错配对科技产出的拉动作用。研究结果表明：不同区域、不同省级农业科学院科技资源相对错配程度不同，其中华北区和西南区的科技资源错配较为严重；科技资源错配导致10%左右的科技产出损失，科技人力资源的错配是科技产出损失的主要原因；科技财力资源的错配对科技产出的拉动作用更为明显。在此基础上，提出改善农业科学院科技资源错配以便增强科技创新能力的政策建议。     

On the interactions of economics and technology

The purpose of this article is to examine some of the aspects of technological advancement as a source of economic development. Technological unemployment is discussed and arguments against its importance are reviewed. The suggestion that technological advancement will lead to a class division between those educated or trained in technical skills and those who are not is considered and rejected. The importance of free trade in both transmitting and utilizing technology is discussed. The role of democratic institutions and the upholding of human rights in the economic advancement of the postwar years is considered briefly. Finally, it is suggested that a combination of democratic institutions, human rights, free trade, and technological progress will develop unifying bonds among nations.Distinguished Address at the Thirty-Ninth International Atlantic Economic Conference, Vienna, Austria, March 10–16, 1995.     

Updating Poverty Maps with Panel Data

This paper extends the methodology of Elbers, C., Lanjouw, J. O., & Lanjouw, P. (2003). Micro level estimation of poverty and inequality. Econometrica 71(1), 355–364 and presents a low cost approach to arriving at small area welfare estimates for non-census years. The approach requires panel data and the estimation of a relation between per capita consumption from the year of interest and household characteristics from the census year. The method is illustrated for Uganda. It is shown that with the exception of the North progress in rural poverty reduction was broadly shared during 1992–99. Areas with high initial levels of poverty appear to have benefited less from growth.     

新时期群众路线教育实践活动的若干思考

随着改革开放的深入和社会主义市场经济的发展,特别是新时期网络信息化步伐愈发加快,党的群众路线面临着许多新课题、新考验。在新的实践背景下,十八大提出在全党深入开展以为民务实清廉为主要内容的党的群众路线教育实践活动。新时期党的群众路线教育实践活动有哪些新变化,开展这一活动的紧迫性和必要性,以及怎样实现教育实践活动形式创新,是文章主要探讨的三个问题。     

Statistical analysis of corruption data and using the Internet to reduce corruption

Corruption is a serious problem in Asia and elsewhere. The Harrison and Vinod (1992) confidence interval for the marginal excess burden (MEB) of taxation is used to estimates the economic harm arising from corruption. One dollar of corruption is estimated to impose a burden of $1.67, which becomes very large when compounded over time. After a brief review of economic theory, this paper uses data on sixteen socio-economic and political variables. A cross-sectional study reveals the relevance of “red tape” and “efficiency of judiciary.” A subset regression using Mallows’ Cp and Akaike information criteria reveals relevance of schooling and income inequality. International aid and cooperation in exposing and fighting corruption and innovative uses of the Internet for information exchange are claimed to be hopeful new tools to fight corruption in the new century.     

The significance of geographical information systems for development planning

Based on the experiences in the City of Cape Town, this article argues that technological progress should be utilised to undergird urban and regional planning in South and southern Africa for at least three reasons. First, as far as planning for the future is concerned, information technology can help us come to grips with the multiple challenges facing the new South Africa. Second, information technology would provide structural leverage in the formulation, adoption and implementation of community‐driven development pro grammes. Third, it would enable local authorities to cooperate across jurisdictional boundaries to promote substantive information sharing and proactive planning strategies.     

By the teeth: A critical examination of James Scott's The moral economy of the peasant

Peasant households in Southeast Asia and elsewhere live on the margin of subsistence. Their survival strategies make them technological conservatives and weavers of reciprocal webs of social obligation and dependence. James C. Scott has argued that the fabric of this “moral economy” both guarantees subsistence for the peasants and forms the touchstone on which their judgements of social justice are tested. When those who should offer succor withdraw it, peasants are outraged and from their anger springs peasant rebellion. Two South Asian peasant rebellions of the 1940s (Telengana and Tebhaga) fail to support Scott's account and raise major questions about his historical method. Two others case studies focused on the early years of colonial contact (the Padri Wars and the capitalist transformation of the Kaveri delta) lead the authors to question sharply the existence of a “moral economy of the peasant” and to suggest that Scott has inadvertently presented a landlord's view of peasant society.     

徐州市科技创新能力综合评价及应用研究

从科技创新投入、科技创新产出、科技创新环境支撑和科技促进可持续发展等4个方面,在26个备选具体指标的基础上,通过反复测试检验,最终选取14个具体指标,建立科技创新评价模型,对淮海经济区核心区城市和江苏省十三市的科技创新能力予以定量评价,并进行横向比较分析。最后从科技创新投入、成果转化等七个方面对徐州市提高科技创新能力给出了建设性建议。     

全国科技创新中心建设中北京市属科研院所人才工作思路研究——以北科院为例

2014年2月26日,习近平总书记在北京考察时,首次把科技创新中心确定为首都的四大核心功能之一。建设全国科技创新中心,既是北京的使命,也是北京发展的必由之路。全国科技创新中心建设的核心要素是人才,为此,作为北京市属科研院所必须加强人才队伍建设,提升科技创新和科技成果转化能力,服务全国科技创新中心建设。通过对北京市属最大的综合性科研机构进行深入调研,分析其人才工作的现状、面临的问题及挑战,结合科创中心建设的人才需求,从高端人才引进、青年人才培养与激励等薄弱方面入手,提出包含共性与个性特征的人才工作应对思路,为其他北京市属科研院所提供借鉴。