社会科学中的定性研究方法

社会科学主要对社会现象、社会发展规律及其他相关方面进行研究。社会科学研究方法体系中主要包括定性研究方法和定量研究方法,二者具有各自特点,既相互关联又相互补充。本文主要对社会科学研究方法中的定性研究方法进行探索,着重分析了定性研究方法的哲学基础、研究情景、逻辑过程和理论模式、研究目标、研究方法和资料收集技术等特点。     

当代中国广告研究方法的三个问题

学科成熟的一个重要标志,就是对学科研究中所使用的研究方法的自觉。对学术研究方法的意识有这样一个过程:从没有研究方法到学习尝试使用研究方法,这是方法的自觉阶段;从模仿和借鉴研究方法到对研究方法的反思,这是方法的反思阶段;从对研究方法的反思和批判到对研究方法的调整和创造,这是方法的创新阶段。笔者认为。中国广告研究目前基本上处于方法的自觉阶段,但应该开始对研究方法进行反思,以便在研究中绕开现有方法中可能产生的陷阱,加速广告研究发展的进程。历史与静态:学术研究方法中,以唯物史观为基础的历史分析法或历史主义的方法在中…     

浅析会计理论研究中的问题

会计研究方法是沟通会计研究主体和会计研究客体的桥梁,它直接关系到会计研究成果的科学性和精确性。会计研究方法的核心问题是会计研究的思维问题。会计研究方法体系可分为思维的基础方法和思维的技术方法。     

教育评价资料的收集和一般教育研究收集资料的方法

进行教育评价和教育研究和资料收集,选择合理的研究收集的方法是至关重要的。我们了解到教育评价和教育研究的资料收集的方法,针对各种资料收集的方法和过程,我们做出了总结性的归纳和细致的研究。     

西方经济学主要研究方法的缺陷分析

研究方法对西方经济学的发展有着巨大的促进作用。然而由于研究方法的固有缺陷,或者其在使用中的方法或范围不适应,都使西方经济学的发展面临着层层困难和各种指责。其中个量和总体研究法、实证和规范研究方法、静态和动态研究方法、均衡分析法、数理模型分析方法等在西方经济学的发展中应用尤为广泛。本文通过对这些研究方法在西方经济学应用中的缺陷进行分析,以期为以后对经济学研究方法的使用和发展提供借鉴意义。     

财务理论规范研究与实证研究方法探析

财务理论研究领域应用的研究方法从研究思维模式考察可划分为规范研究方法和实证研究方法两大类。文章在对这两种研究方法进行探讨的基础上得出启示,以期对我国财务理论研究方法的选择有所裨益。     

浅析会计规范研究方法与会计实证研究方法

随着我国经济的高速发展,会计理论也随着逐步发展起来,理论的产生和突破往往是从研究方法开始的。目前主要的会计理论研究方法有会计规范研究方法和会计实证研究方法,对二者如何进行选择,理论界尚存争议。本文从会计理论及概念定义出发,进一步比较两种研究方法的各自优缺点,同时指出它们之间的联系,以期能为今后会计理论研究方法的探讨提供参考。     

社会流行病学与人口学的交叉研究进展

社会流行病学和人口学在研究内容、研究方法和疾病防治及卫生保健对策的研究等三个方面有着密切的联系。这些领域也是人口学研究方法在健康领域研究的渗透和应用。从研究内容上的人群层面的研究,研究方法上的多层分析方法和生命历程分析,以及疾病防治和卫生保健对策的研究等方面对社会流行病学与健康人口学的交叉研究进展作了综述。     

经济分析方法在法学研究中的运用

用什么样的方法研究法学对法学的发展至关重要。法律的经济分析既是一种经济学理论和方法 ,也是一种法学理论和方法。作为一种法学理论 ,它强调法律的基本价值目标是实现财富的最大化 ;作为一种法学研究方法 ,它将经济学的原理、方法用于法学研究的各个领域 ,拓宽了法学研究的视野 ,为法学研究提供了新的思路     

简述区域经济一体化效应的事后研究方法

区域经济一体化效应的研究方法主要有事后研究方法和事前研究方法,贸易引力模型和经济增长模型是区域经济一体化效应研究中主要的事后研究方法。阐述了贸易引力模型的提出、一般形式、细化和扩展、在区域一体化研究中的应用及其缺陷以及经济增长模型的产生、应用和发展,以助于从多个角度来研究区域经济一体化效应问题。     

初次分配效率与公平的政策组合与效用选择

按照对效率与公平偏好的不同,初次分配效率与公平的政策组合有四种类型:"轻效率,轻公平"型;"轻效率,重公平"型;"重效率,轻公平"型;"重效率,重公平"型。不同社会发展阶段收入分配政策的制定实际上是对这四种政策组合的选择,以选择能带来最大化效用的分配制度。用分粥模型形象地对效率与公平的各种政策组合进行模拟,并根据收入分配效用函数对效率与公平政策组合的效用选择状况进行分析,结果表明,在初次分配"重效率"目标不变的前提下,消除收入分配不公平、减少贫富差距的关键在于同时建立初次分配"重公平"的机制。     

Returning to Rawls: Social Contracting,Social Justice,and Transcending the Limitations of Locke

A generation ago, the field of business ethics largely abandoned analyzing the broader issue of social justice to focus upon more micro concerns. Donaldson applied the social contract tradition of Locke and Rawls to the ethics of management decision-making, and with Dunfee, has advanced this project ever since. Current events suggest that if the field is to remain relevant it needs to return to examining social and economic fairness, and␣Rawl’s approach to social contracting suggests a way to start. First, however, the field needs to discard the weaker and counterproductive aspects of its Lockean legacy: Locke’s hostility to government activism and his indifference with regard to outcomes for the bulk of society. Donaldson’s and Dunfee’s social contracting approach is not suited to, nor was it designed to, analyze or resolve broad issues of social and economic justice. Their postulated network of communities upon which they rely is problematic in a number of ways, and while they take the legal and political status quo into account, their method does not deal with the historical reality that, as the economic and social environment changes, promoting greater justice requires new and sometimes coercive government interventions. Rawls’s work, however, does acknowledge the historically demonstrable necessity of using the power of government to help to achieve desirable social outcomes. While he rejected Mill’s methodology, Rawls was inspired by the earlier philosopher’s concerns for social justice at a time of major economic change. The field would do well to follow the example of both men in this respect. Richard Marens is an Assistant Professor in Management at California State University, Sacramento. He has published articles on shareholder activism, management history, employee ownership, corporate law, and the evolution of Catholic Social Teaching. He is currently researching the social role of finance from both historical and contemporary perspectives.     

Subalterns,empowerment and the failed imagination of markets

In our earlier paper, we drew upon Franz Kafka’s literary writings to attend to the repressive sides of the State and markets and their impact on subaltern positions. Moreover, we pointed to some of the key limitations in the theories of the base of the pyramid and subsistence marketplace. In this paper, responding to the commentaries, we clarify some doubts, provide correctives to misinterpretations and further develop the broad theoretical argument we made in our earlier paper. In response to Viswanathan’s commentary, we specifically clarify the role of neoliberal ideology as it impels discourse of subsistence markets. Moreover, as a corrective to Karnani’s reading, we explain the limitations of the State, markets and private enterprises in alleviating poverty in India. Through these clarifications, we ask scholars to attend to systemic features of the current political economy that create poverty and call for an imagination beyond the current capitalist zeitgeist to empower the subaltern.     

The Political Economy of Multinational Conglomerates in Nigeria

Abstract

The paper analyzes the operations of the multinational conglomerates so as to determine the impact of their operations on the Nigerian economy, and especially on the manufacturing sector. It also investigated the possible problems hindering their operations. In an attempt to accomplish these objectives, we employed both survey and investigative research methods using regression modeling and estimation. The analysis of the secondary evidence indicates that, generally, the investment activities of conglomerates are found to positively and significantly relate to the output performance of the manufacturing sector of the Nigerian economy. The primary data analysis confirms this finding. On the other hand, they are seen to exploit natural resources and the workforce to the detriment of the country, and by repatriating all available funds and profits to overseas economies, the economy is starved of needed funds. However, their positive contributions to the Nigerian economy were seen to outweigh their negative contributions. This is particularly true of the manufacturing sector. Two perennial problems confronting the conglomerates in their investment activities relate to environmental hostilities and communal disturbances/social upheavals. Other problems relate to political risks, instability and impasse, and unstable economic climate.     

数字经济下相关市场界定面临的挑战及方法改进

信息通信技术和数字技术的深度融合与广泛适用,推动着数字经济高速发展,催生各类新业态、新产业、新模式不断涌现,给市场竞争模式、产业组织结构以及经营者具体商业行为带来翻天覆地的变化。数字经济下以平台为中心的商业模式扩展了相关市场上以商品基础功能为主的商品功能叠加竞争,双边或多边市场下的跨市场竞争与融合以及非对称性定价结构等情况越来越复杂,给现行的以单边市场上商品单一功能及其价格变化为主的相关市场界定方法带来诸多挑战,现有相关市场界定方法的局限性凸显。为及时回应数字经济下相关市场界定问题,应在厘清相关市场界定基本逻辑的基础上,回归对用户需求替代变量的检视,在价格变量逐渐弱化的同时,将用户注意力、数据及商品质量视为相关市场界定中的重要变量,并结合用户需求替代发生的具体场景,重视个案中相关市场界定的精准化分析。数字经济领域市场竞争方式逐渐由传统价格竞争转向用户注意力竞争和数据竞争,对用户需求的精准把握和持续争夺在很大程度上决定了经营者在相关市场的竞争优势及其维持,经营者为了在注意力竞争中获取竞争优势,必须高度关注用户需求,不断优化升级商品质量,增值叠加商品功能,因此相关市场的界定必须考虑以用户需求替代为基础的用户可转向范围和数据转移成本,以体现数字经济下个性化、定制化、精细化特征对反垄断法适用的影响,同时凸显用户偏好在需求替代分析中的重要性。     

The adaptive strategies of Spanish cotton industry companies, 1939–1970

This article explores the strategies carried out by the Spanish cotton industry, drawing the distinction between dynastic and non-dynastic companies, and the business strategies to preserve the family firm, to keep the control of management in the hands of the founder's family, and to maintain long-term living standards. To achieve this, companies showed a remarkable capacity to adapt to the changing institutional, political and economic context in Spain during the second half of the twentieth century. Finally, we measure the degree of success by looking at profits, profitability and ability of dynastic and non-dynastic companies to survive.     

我国虚拟旅游发展的SWOT分析及战略研究

随着对网络旅游内容和层次要求的提高,侧重于景点的“网络虚拟旅游”应运而生。基于SWOT分析,发展我国虚拟旅游的战略是：加强政府扶持力度,扩展虚拟旅游产品类型,加大虚拟旅游的宣传力度以及在真实旅游营销中的运用;整合旅游信息资源,将虚拟旅游参与到真实旅游规划中;注重虚拟旅游内容层次,推出品牌化在线主题游路线,全面提升虚拟旅游的技术水平。     

Distributed Knowledge in Environmental Planning: Hybrid IT-Based Approaches in Scenario-Building Contexts

The new argumentative and communicative approach to environmental planning is replacing the traditional approach of planning derived from cybernetic models and based on the linear control of systems' dynamics. The traditional absolute monologic rationality of planning is today challenged by more complex, multilogic, multivalue and weak rationality, explicitly contextualized to different social and physical environments. Not achieving targets, but rather building discourses and visions related to evolving situations are the new grounds of planning processes, where different stakeholders can intentionally locate behaviours, meanwhile learning about themselves and their realities.In this context, traditional cybernetic planning seem unable to face the probabilistic and chaotic environmental phenomena, so making it extremely hard to point out elements, to schedule times, to respect consistencies. However, practical cases of experimentation of the argumentative approach to environmental planning are particularly rare. Given this starting conceptual condition, the present paper will try to contribute to the research field, dealing with the potentials using an ICT-based argumentative and communicative approach to environmental planning. In particular, a proposed process will be discussed, with reference to Future studies and to the Strategic choice approach, hybridized by information technologies.The context of such experimentation is a 5-year EU-financed project to build sustainable development futures in the Mediterranean region, ended in 2003.The present study was carried out by the authors as a joint research work. Nonetheless, chapter 1 was written by D.Borri, chapters 2, 3.2, 4 were written by D.Camarda, chapters 3.1 and 3.3 were written by L.Grassini.     

将我国消费率提高到正常水平的探讨

本文认为,在我国经济总体上供大于求,消费成为经济增长的主要拉动力的情况下,要达到充分的有效需求,就必须达到正常的消费率水平;目前我国消费率偏低有其特殊原因,一是居民为社会保障所困,二是居民为收费的“义务教育”所困,三是居民为住房、买车、出国等高级消费所困,四是教育投资和科研支出相对不足,五是资本回报率低,股市投资价值低。文章提出,要有效提高消费率,必须改变投资结构,尽快发挥投资启动有效需求的作用;发展第三产业,推动农村城镇化,调整经济结构,增加城乡就业,使临时就业收入长期化;完善促进消费提升的系列税收制度,提高个人所得税的起征点,培育更大的中产阶层;降低居民在公共人力资本和不动产领域保储蓄投资、压当前消费的倾向,稳定居民消费心理,优化消费环境。