动态能力视角下的商业银行战略转型与经营绩效关系的理论与实证研究——以浦发银行为例

动态能力是企业可持续竞争优势的来源,战略转型能力是一种整合、建立和再配置内外部资源的动态能力。为此,本文在构建动态能力与可持续竞争优势的关系模型的基础上,从我国商业银行成功转型会获得财务资源优势的角度出发,设计了衡量商业银行战略转型是否成功的理论分析模型。为验证其模型的客观性,选择中国浦发银行为案例研究对象,在分析研究浦发银行战略转型历程的基础上,运用因子分析法对浦发银行在2001～2009年的不同发展阶段的经营绩效进行分析总结,以验证评价其如何成功地实现战略转型。本文研究发现：企业想要了解其战略转型是否获得了由动态能力决定的持续竞争优势,可借助于衡量商业银行战略转型成功的理论分析模型;正确的战略转型有利于银行提高经营绩效;为此,银行需要继续有效地实施零售业务战略、强化银行内部治理机制改革和现代信息技术网络平台的建设,这是银行获得持续竞争优势的关键。     

BANK COMPETITION AND FINANCIAL STABILITY: MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING?

The theoretical literature gives conflicting predictions on how bank competition should affect financial stability, and dozens of researchers have attempted to evaluate the relationship empirically. We collect 598 estimates of the competition‐stability nexus reported in 31 studies and analyse the literature using meta‐analysis methods. We control for 35 aspects of study design and employ Bayesian model averaging to tackle the resulting model uncertainty. Our findings suggest that the definition of financial stability and bank competition used by researchers influences their results in a systematic way. The choice of data, estimation methodology, and control variables also affects the reported coefficient. We find evidence for moderate publication bias. Taken together, the estimates reported in the literature suggest little interplay between competition and stability, even when corrected for publication bias and potential misspecifications.     

Managing competition on a two‐sided platform

On many two‐sided platforms, users on one side not only care about user participation and usage levels on the other side, but they also care about participation and usage of fellow users on the same side. Most prominent is the degree of seller competition on a platform catering to buyers and sellers. In this paper, we address how seller competition affects platform pricing, product variety, and the number of platforms that carry trade.     

Exclusivity and Control

We model competition between content distributors (platforms) for content providers, and show that whether or not content is exclusive or “multihomes” depends crucially on whether or not content providers maintain control over their own pricing to consumers: if content providers sell their content outright and relinquish control, they will tend to be exclusive; on the other hand, if content providers maintain control and only “affiliate” with platforms, then multihoming is sustainable in equilibrium. We show that the outcome under affiliation depends on the tradeoff between platform rent extraction (which increases in exclusivity) and content rent extraction (which increases in multihoming), and demonstrate that the propensity for exclusivity can be increasing, decreasing, or even nonmonotonic in content quality. Finally, if a content provider internalizes the effect of its own price on platform demand, we prove that a platform that already has exclusive access to content may prefer to relinquish control over content pricing to the content provider in order to reduce price competition at the platform level.     

Platform market competition with endogenous side decisions

This paper develops a framework to analyze platform competition in two‐sided markets in which agents endogenously decide on which side of a platform to join. We characterize the equilibrium pricing structure and perform a comparative statics analysis on how the distribution of agents’ preferences affects the platforms’ profits. We also show that the market equilibrium under profit‐maximizing platforms leads to the first best social surplus, which illustrates the importance of the price mechanism to induce more balanced participation across the two sides. This framework can be applied to analyze market competition for “rental” or “sharing” platforms. In addition, we extend our analysis to consider an initial investment stage, which makes participants the owner of some durable goods to rent out.     

Indirect inference and calibration of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models

We advocate in this paper the use of a sequential partial indirect inference (SPII) approach, in order to account for calibration practice where dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models (DGSE) are studied only through their ability to reproduce some well-chosen moments. We stress that, despite a lack of statistical formalization, the controversial calibration methodology addresses a genuine issue on the consequences of misspecification in highly nonlinear and dynamic structural macro-models. We argue that a well-driven SPII strategy might be seen as a rigorous calibrationnist approach, that captures both the advantages of this approach (accounting for structural “a-statistical” ideas) and of the inferential approach (precise appraisal of loss functions and conditions of validity). This methodology should be useful for the empirical assessment of structural models such as those stemming from the real business cycle theory or the asset pricing literature.     

Quality competition with motivated providers and sluggish demand

We study incentives for quality provision in markets where providers are motivated (semi-altruistic); prices are regulated and firms are funded by a combination of block grants and unit prices; competition is based on quality, and demand adjusts sluggishly. Health or education are sectors in which the mentioned features are the rule. We show that the presence of motivated providers makes dynamic competition tougher, resulting in higher steady-state levels of quality in the closed-loop solution than in the benchmark open-loop solution, if the price is sufficiently high. However, this result is reversed if the price is sufficiently low (and below unit costs). Sufficiently low prices also imply that a reduction in demand sluggishness will lead to lower steady-state quality. Prices below unit costs will nevertheless be welfare optimal if the providers are sufficiently motivated.     

我国电子元器件供应链的竞争态势

分析了电子元器件供应链平台应用的国内外发展态势和我国电子元器件供应链平台的竞争态势，在此基础上提出了我国建设电子元器件供应链平台的战略建议。     

Quality improvement and redesign of performance measurement systems: an application to the academic field

The increasing competition both in the public and private sectors gave rise to a growing interest in quality improvement and in designing and implementing Performance Measurement Systems (PMS). Academic organizations also recognized the need for implementing performance measurement systems. Some recent works on PMS in the higher education make use of the Kaplan and Norton’s Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to translate the characteristic strategic goals (e.g. research and teaching excellence) into performance measures. However, a PMS needs to be updated when external or internal changes influence the organization modus operandi. In this way a continuous quality improvement of organization performance is required. This paper describes a methodology based on the BSC model to redesign a current PMS. In detail, a reference BSC-check matrix is proposed. A “mapping analysis” of the current PMS is developed to understand if all the operational aspects involved in goals achievement are considered and if proper indicators have been defined. As an example, the methodology is applied to a Department of the authors’ own University. The paper shows also how the proposed approach can be extended to other contexts.     

利用服务质量差距模型提高电信企业服务营销质量

随着电信企业竞争越来越激烈,如何提高企业核心竞争力成为我国电信企业面临的首要问题。由于各国都加大了投入,技术的提升很难再有往日的竞争优势,服务成为企业间差别化的利器,我国电信企业长期处于“高高在上”的垄断地位,服务意识淡漠,服务质量不尽如人意,本文利用服务质量差距模型提出了提高服务质量的一些具体措施。     

Capability reconfiguration of incumbent firms: Nintendo in the video game industry

The importance of incumbent firms' ability to transform themselves according to the changing technological environment has been underlined by several scholars and practitioners. Yet, how incumbents leverage on commercial capabilities in order to develop such technological reconfiguration abilities in the midst of fierce competition from new entrants has not gained enough attention. To address the above research issue, our study investigated the case of Nintendo, an incumbent firm in the video game industry, using the dynamic capability perspective. Our study relied on primary and secondary data collected from diverse sources such as interviews, web contents, magazines, the US Patent and Trademark Office and Wikipedia. Three component factors that reflect the common features of dynamic capabilities across past studies emerged as the basis of Nintendo's reconfiguration ability. Underlining the significance of these commercial capabilities in the technological reconfiguration of an incumbent, our paper helps to synthesize this stream of literature and extends guidelines for future empirical studies to develop the dynamic capability construct. In addition, the findings also help managers devise strategies for an adaptive organization.     

Incentives of low‐quality sellers to disclose negative information

The paper studies incentives of low‐quality sellers to disclose negative information about their products. We develop a model in which one's quality can be communicated via cheap‐talk messages only. This setting limits the ability of high‐quality sellers to separate, as any communication strategy they pursue can be costlessly imitated by low‐quality sellers. We study two factors that can incentivize low‐quality sellers to communicate their quality: buyers' loss aversion and competition. Quality disclosure reduces buyers' risk, thereby increasing their willingness to pay for the product. It also introduces product differentiation, softening the competition.     

SMOOTH DYNAMIC FACTOR ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATION TO THE US TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES

We consider the dynamic factor model and show how smoothness restrictions can be imposed on factor loadings by using cubic spline functions. We develop statistical procedures based on Wald, Lagrange multiplier and likelihood ratio tests for this purpose. The methodology is illustrated by analyzing a newly updated monthly time series panel of US term structure of interest rates. Dynamic factor models with and without smooth loadings are compared with dynamic models based on Nelson–Siegel and cubic spline yield curves. We conclude that smoothness restrictions on factor loadings are supported by the interest rate data and can lead to more accurate forecasts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业动态能力-基于ZARA开发事业蓝海的研究

全球化时代的来临模糊了企业经营的边界，导致公司间的竞争更加激烈，企业惟有培养出感知环境机会与威胁的能力，建立起自身的动态能力支撑体系，才能应付顾客需求及技术的快速变化。本文应用Teeee提出的企业动态能力分析框架，分析ZARA如何打破传统服装公司的经营模式，在变化快速的时尚产业中快速感知机会、获取机会并创造出自身的动态能力经营模式，以便能快速掌握流行趋势及消费者需求变化，成功地在快速变化及竞争激烈的经营环境中打造出不断创新、适应外部环境的动态能力，在时尚产业中开发出自身的事业蓝海。     

关于动态竞争环境下企业战略能力的研究

当今世界,企业所面临的生存环境越来越复杂多变,企业如何在动态的竞争环境中做的比其他企业更出色,已成为企业经营成败的关键,而对企业战略能力的研究为我们提供了一个新的视角。我们在分析企业战略能力内涵基础上,提出研究企业战略能力的基本框架,并对研究过程中的关键环节做了必要的分析,为企业在动态环境中获取持续的竞争优势提供了借鉴和帮助。     

Inter-market competition for exchange traded funds

We examine how the different mix of informed and liquidity trading in the market for ETFs affects the nature of inter-market competition. We find that both the characteristics of the securities and the structures of the competing markets jointly determine the nature of inter-market competition. Given the superior execution quality on the ECNs and the low adverse selection costs in the ETF market, anonymous market such as the ECNs, attract both liquidity and informed traders. We also find that markets compete in a subset of ETFs. In addition, we find that quotebased competition is prevalent in the market for ETFs.     

电子商务环境下中小企业的动态竞争战略

在新兴的电子商务模式下,企业的生产方式、市场营销、服务模式、竞争模式等都造成了极大的影响,企业环境的变化会对战略选择产生根本性影响——竞争从静态向动态转变,因此,企业要适时调整其战略管理。本文基于与中小电商企业的合作,反思高职学生的网络营销创新创业能力培养,尝试提出了电子商务环境下中小企业的动态竞争战略的应用。     

Measuring and Evaluating Efficiency of Hospitals Through Total Quality Management

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the efficiency of 12 hospitals in Turkey using a multi-criteria Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology. Number of beds, number of physicians and the critical factors of total quality management in the health care sector were used as inputs of the model. The outputs used in this analysis incorporated financial and non-financial performance of hospitals, number of outpatients and number of patient days. Performance of the hospitals was measured using subjective measures based on executive's perception of how their organization performed relative to the competition. Results provide management with information regarding the relatively best practice hospitals in the observation sets and locate the relatively inefficient hospitals by comparison with the best practice ones. At last some suggestions are made for the least efficient hospital.     

基于云计算的供应链信息共享与商务协同研究

伴随云计算技术的飞速发展,云计算在诸多领域得到广泛应用,针对供应链管理中的信息传递与共享问题,提出了基于云计算的供应链信息共享平台的设计思路,并对该平台的功能结构进行了分析,提出供应链信息共享的具体方法和措施,确保供应链在市场竞争中立于不败之地。     

当今市场经济下企业的全面质量管理研究

随着市场竞争的不断加剧和消费者需求的多样化、个性化程度越来越高,高收益已成为企业生存与发展的基石。如何提高企业的竞争力和市场占有率,将是每个企业努力追求的目标,其中一种策略就是通过质量来获取客户和占领市场。本文以全面质量管理给企业带来的竞争优势来阐述企业应如何提高绩效和顾客满意度。全面质量管理可以增强企业快速应变市场的能力,是促进企业形成核心竞争力的最有效途径,是企业获取利润的源泉。