专车运行模式及政策评价

本文基于经济学视角对专车运行模式及政策进行分析。首先通过文献梳理将专车模式的外延界定为出租车模式与共享出行模式的并集。然后通过公共经济学理论分析得出,与传统的出租车相比,专车可以降低交通服务的交易成本并增加社会整体效用水平,其管制的思路应当聚焦于外部性与安全性。接着对政府目前的专车管理政策进行了讨论,认为目前的政策会对专车发展产生一定阻碍,不利于提高交通市场的效率。最后提出政策建议：目前应加快建立出租车公司经营权淘汰机制,对专车应当短期观望,未来在适当条件下可通过税收控制专车数量,要求专车公司公布更多信息。     

Multi-store competition: Market segmentation or interlacing?

This paper develops a model for multi-store competition between firms. Using the fact that different firms have different outlets and produce horizontally differentiated goods, we obtain a pure strategy equilibrium where firms choose a different location for each outlet and firms' locations are interlaced. The location decisions of multi-store firms are completely independent of each other. Firms choose locations that minimize transportation costs of consumers. Moreover, generically, the subgame perfect equilibrium is unique and when the firms have an equal number of outlets, prices are independent of the number of outlets.     

基于Hotelling模型的服务型制造增值机理研究

为探讨服务型制造对厂商差异化战略的影响,结合服务的特性,构建了区间Hotelling差异化模型:无差异化的产品竞争模型和服务差异化模型.通过对模型进行求解得到最佳服务差异化程度和均衡价格.比较和分析模型结果表明:(1)服务差异化程度大于某个临界值时才会获得正的利润;(2)适度服务差异化可以提升厂商利润和消费者剩余.(3)消费需求模式的变化是服务型制造的关键因素,而厂商移动的边际成本对其采取差异化竞争战略有重要影响.     

On the profitability of collusion in location games

In this note we take a first step towards the analysis of collusion in markets with spatial competition, focusing on the case of pure location choices. We find that collusion can only be profitable if a coalition contains more than half of all players. This result holds for location games played in k-dimensional Euclidean space as long as consumers are distributed via atomless density functions. For competition on the unit interval, unit circle, and unit square we also derive sufficient conditions for collusion to be profitable. The results have immediate implications for mergers in spatial markets.     

有成本差异的Hotelling模型及博弈分析

考虑存在成本差异时厂商的定价选址决策问题,通过建立模型及均衡结果的求解,回答了该情形下厂商是否仍然会采取最大差异化战略,有成本优势的厂商是否希望进行价格战,将对方挤出市等问题。     

港口协调定价效果及其利润分配机制分析

为解决目前港口间的盲目竞争，本文引入并改进了Hotelling模型，提出了港口协调定价方法，通过理论分析得出港口协调定价后的总利润大于非协调定价的总利润；并运用Shapely值法对港口协调以后的总利润进行合理分配，得出协调后各港口的利润均大于协调之前各港口的各自利润，从而使港口达到共赢。     

基于豪泰林模型的我国证券业佣金战原因分析

文章运用豪泰林模型对我国证券业愈演愈烈的佣金恶性竞争的原因进行了分析,认为服务的同质是造成这种状况的重要原因,从而针对性地提出了两点政策建议以增强证券业服务的差异。     

差异化竞争下的渠道策略:直销或分销?

针对产品差异化竞争条件下的销售策略问题,通过构建两个竞争厂商质量水平差异的Hotelling模型,分别讨论了质量差异水平为外生和内生两种情形下,厂商采取电子商务渠道与传统分销渠道的产品最优价格和利润。研究表明,竞争双方利润随产品质量差异化水平增加而增加,当质量差异水平为外生时竞争双方最优选择是采取直销模式,当产品质量差异水平为内生时竞争的结果是双方采取分销模式,这为产品差异化竞争条件下的厂商渠道选择提供了思路。     

电子商务环境下零售商分销渠道的选择

针对电子商务环境下的产品分销渠道,研究了由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链中零售商分销渠道的选择问题。运用主从博弈和Hotelling模型,分别建立了单一线下渠道模型和在同价策略下的双渠道模型,通过对模型的分析,给出了零售商选择不同分销渠道的条件。研究表明:制造商会积极促使零售商选择线上线下双渠道;构建线上渠道的运营成本会影响零售商的渠道选择。研究结果对零售商的渠道选择有一定的指导意义。     

Duopoly locations and optimal zoning in a small open city

This paper analyzes a duopoly location model with an asymmetric zoning that prohibits firms from locating to a specific interval in a small open linear city. It is shown that the maximum differentiation principle presented in d'Aspremont et al. [Econometrica 47 (1979) 1145] is still valid under area zoning regulation. Moreover, a zoning regulation can be seen as a policy instrument to limit firms' excess profits, and a proper regulation may even reduce the distortion in total transportation costs, therefore enhancing social welfare. Specifically, the optimal zoning is about 29.5 percent of the city with no amenity effect. Finally, all the land rents raised by zoning are eventually confiscated by the absentee landowner.     

SHOULD WE WORRY ABOUT THE FAILURE OF THE HOTELLING RULE?

Abstract The continuing dependence of the global economy on fossil fuels is worrying because it imposes limits on growth due to the non‐renewable nature of these resources and also contributes to global climate change. Resource optimists believe that this is no reason to worry, because the economy will always find a way to overcome these constraints. Their arguments, however, require that resource prices reflect the scarcity of non‐renewable resources, which implies that they must obey the Hotelling rule. Empirical analyses, however, show that the Hotelling rule does not hold in reality, which raises the question: does the failure of the Hotelling rule imply that social optimality is not achieved? This paper argues that the answer depends on the reason for the failure. If extraction and exploration costs, or technological progress in these activities, are the reasons for the failure, a market failure is not implied, and optimality may still be achieved. But if the Hotelling rule fails due to uncertain property rights or strategic interaction, the market will surely fail to provide an optimal solution. A market failure is likely to speed up resource consumption compared to the social optimum.     

The Notion of Effectual Supply and the Theory of Normal Prices with Exhaustible Natural Resources

This paper proposes a revised theory of the classical notion of normal prices for an economy with exhaustible natural resources. The author introduces the notion of effectual supply and argues that Sraffa’s equations, without the Hotelling rule equation, can be reformulated to deal with the existence of an exhaustible natural resource. Such a revision of a well-established theory requires a reinterpretation and methodological clarification of Sraffa’s equations, but without a change in their mathematical form. The revised theory must focus on the effectual supply of the resource and it can ignore its total endowment.     

基于成本差异的物流服务提供商动态博弈分析

文章通过建立存在成本差异的Hotelling模型,结合效用和反应函数对两厂商的定价选址策略进行分析,研究表明处于成本劣势的厂商一般会选择最小差异化的策略．而拥有成本优势的厂商则会在最小差异化和最大差异化原则之间进行权衡取舍,目的都是为了实现利润最大化或损失最小化。     

控制多元质量特性的方法

介绍了工序中同时控制多个相关质量特性均值向量的T2控制图方法。该方法用T2作为统计量,可简捷地画出控制图,监控工序有无失控现象。给出了计算公式及计算实例。     

考虑隐私保护成本差异的电商企业最优决策问题——基于Hotelling模型分析

文章通过构建双寡头垄断的电商企业成本差异化的Hotelling模型,探讨了隐私提供量、单位隐私投入成本对电商个性化产品的投资决策影响。研究表明,隐私提供量在一定范围内时能够促进企业更愿意投入成本对隐私保护,但当隐私提供量超过一定量后,造成总隐私保护成本过大反而阻碍了隐私保护的进行。对于率先进行隐私保护投入的企业2来说,随着单位隐私成本投入的增加,两企业的差异化逐渐明显,该电商企业将逐渐并长期占据大部分市场,若企业1不及时改变决策,将终被挤出市场。     

在线渠道进入与实体渠道销售努力研究

本文在考虑服务效率以及实体渠道服务向在线渠道溢出的基础上,运用空间差异化的Hotelling模型,研究了在线渠道的进入对实体渠道销售努力的影响。研究表明,存在服务溢出时,在线渠道的进入在多数情况下将降低实体渠道的销售努力。但是,当实体渠道是高效率的销售服务提供商,并且服务向在线渠道的溢出效应较小时,在线渠道的进入将会增强实体渠道的销售努力,这时消费者可以从实体渠道那里得到更好的增值服务。     

浅议区域物流基础平台的搭建

首先对物流和物流基础平台的概念作了界定,对区域物流基础平台的构成进行了分析,最后从区域物流基础设施平台、信息基础平台以及政策基础平台等三个方面对区域物流基础平台的搭建进行了具体分析。     

中国电子商务平台的云拓展动因——基于多案例的证据

本文选取百度、阿里巴巴、腾讯、京东和新浪5家国内知名的电子商务平台企业,基于多案例分析的视角对其云计算拓展的动因进行深入剖析。研究采用内容分析法,借助QSRNVivo8质性分析软件对所收集的访谈记录、新闻报道和调查问卷等文献资料进行编码与分析。结果表明:商业动因是令电子商务平台向云计算领域拓展的首要动因,环境动因其次,组织动因和技术动因分列第三和第四位;对二级节点的分析表明,提供高质量的客户服务,维持良好的客户关系是电子商务平台云拓展的首要商业动因;市场需求在环境动因中占主导地位;组织动因中,最具影响力的是高层的支持;云计算的技术特征则是最具影响力的技术动因。本研究不仅弥补了现有研究中关于平台拓展动因阐释的空白,也为中国平台产业的发展决策提供了参考。