The US Antitrust System and Recent Trends in Antitrust Enforcement

This paper provides a survey of recent research on the US antitrust system. First we provide an overview of the US antitrust system, describing the roles of the US Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission and case law. Second, we provide a new econometric trend analysis on the enforcement of US antitrust law, showing that (1) enforcement demonstrates some trend behavior, as well as comovement with business cycles; (2) the time series of antitrust cases demonstrates two distinct episodes, which we characterize as 'pre-deregulation' and 'post-deregulation;' (3) the time series of government antitrust filings leads the time series of private antitrust filings. Finally, we describe recent economic research relevant to the area of antitrust and the impact of this research on US antitrust policy.     

Econom(etr)ics of crime and litigation

Economists approach the behaviour of potential criminals, litigants and law enforcement agencies in terms of rational choice: the actors choose the best alternatives in terms of costs and benefits within the choices open to them. The prime focus of economists is on the general factors in society affecting the crime and litigation level and on the interaction between the crime and litigation level and the legal system. In doing so they have to study the interaction between the micro level of individual decision making and the macro level of the law enforcement system reacting on these decisions. Data are often only available at aggregate (macro) level. Econometric studies at the macro level, especially time series, have the problem that many effects have to be estimated from a limited number of data. Various types of studies and some empirical results regarding crime, litigation and the workload of judicial services are discussed.     

整体式升降平台在高大墩身外观处理中的应用

本文主要介绍了在银川至昆明公路(G85)施工中,针对墩身高度较高及周边地形条件复杂的情况,通过采用整体式升降平台对墩身外观质量进行处理整治,从而很好的解决了高大墩身外观处理的难题,保证了施工的安全性,提高了外观处理的质量.由于该方法作业灵活,受外部条件影响较小,不但降低了施工措施费用,而且避免了大型机械作业所产生的安全...     

基于网络的工程经济学教学模式研究

网络教学资源的建设和相应教学模式的研究是当今高等教育领域的热点问题。文章根据工程经济学课程特点,研究该课程网络教学平台的建设,并从课堂教学与网络教学的结合、民主互动氛围的建设、分层教学以及教学环节的设计等方面探讨了网络教学平台下的分层互动式教学模式的构建。     

To merge or not to merge: That is the question

In this paper we analyze the implementation of socially optimal mergers when the regulator is not informed about all parameters that determine social and private gains from potential mergers. We show that implementation requires a certain degree of agreement between social and private incentives. The most important example where this congruence is present is when the uncertainty refers to cost savings, because in this case society and firms want costs savings to be as high as possible. Then, it is possible to induce firms to truthfully reveal the costs savings induced by the merger.Received: 7 June 2001, Accepted: 14 June 2004, JEL Classification: D78, L13, L41This paper was presented at the First CODE meeting held in Barcelona, June 1997 and in seminars at the universities of Alicante, Caen, Carlos III, Bilbao, Complutense (Madrid) and Málaga. We would like to thank P. Amor ós, D. Cardona-Coll, P. Hammond, A. Lozano, C. Martinez, V. Merlin, D. Moreno, B. Moreno, D. Mookherjee, J. Naeve, P. Pereira, R. Renault, A. Snoy and F. Vega-Redondo for their useful comments. The authors are solely responsible for any remaining errors. They acknowledge financial support from CICYT BEC2002-02194, PB97-0120, BEC2001-0535 and the IVIE.     

激励视角下公务员现行薪酬制度的不足及前景假设

公务员作为我国政府机关的行为主体其身份地位十分特殊,保有优秀的公务员队伍对国家来说非常重要。本文从阐述薪酬制度相关理论出发,进而说明了薪酬对公务员起着很强的激励作用;其后介绍了我国公务员薪酬制度激励性的现状,发现现有的公务员薪酬制度存在许多不足以及导致不足产生的原因,最后提出一种新型的以能力为依据的宽带薪酬制度,借以完善公务员薪酬制度的激励作用。     

职业体育市场结构及其反垄断问题研究

针对我国职业体育市场的垄断态势,有必要将职业体育运动明确纳入反垄断法调整范围,明确职业体育反垄断法的基本原则和豁免尺度,加快职业体育管理体制改革。     

深化国有企业改革与反垄断的方向和路径——“深化国有企业改革与反垄断研讨会”观点综述

本文综述了"深化国有企业改革与反垄断研讨会"与会专家的学术观点。在研讨会上,与会专家就现阶段国有企业面临的主要问题、深化国有企业改革的方向和路径、垄断行业改革的具体模式等议题发表了看法。专家一致认为,新常态下深化国有企业改革的方向是积极发展混合所有制经济,通过引入非国有资本作为战略投资者,建立规范的公司法人治理机制,依法改革。破除行政性垄断,维护市场公平竞争。在"去行政化"的基础上,实施分类改革,确立国有企业不同的改革目标和分类监管措施,通过国家顶层设计和地方支撑协同进行。     

职业体育联盟制度安排的反垄断法分析

职业体育联盟起源于西方发达国家,随着市场经济的进一步深入,职业体育联盟的一些制度安排不可避免的受到反垄断法的规制,所以,职业体育联盟制度安排必须考虑反垄断法问题,考虑职业体育联盟生存的制度环境的差异性,尽量规避职业体育联盟的反垄断诉讼。     

On the optimality of nonmaximal fines in the presence of corruptible law enforcers

In this paper, we develop a model of law enforcement with the possibility of corruption between enforcers and potential offenders. We study how the violation rate changes with the level of the fine imposed on violations. We find, in contrast to the conventional wisdom, that the fine level that minimizes violations can be intermediate rather than large. We then study conditions under which different fine levels would be optimal.      

试论行政指导在海事管理中的作用

海事管理机构是法律、法规授权而行使特定行政职能的行政主体,在实际工作中也大量地采用说服、教育、示范、劝告、建议、协商、政策指导、提供经费帮助、提供知识、技术帮助等非强制性手段和方法,即行政指导行为。获得相对人的同意或协助,以实现一定行政管理目的,在海事管理过程中起着补充和替代、辅导和促进、协调和疏通、预防和抑制等积极作用。     

实施新世纪城市总体规划

作者认为 ,长春市的城市建设在新一轮的城市总体规划指导下 ,取得了丰硕成果 ,使得这一阶段成为长春城市建设史上发展的最快时期 ,并对此作了系统的总结。     

西方经济学资本计量困境与马克思经济学的科学论断

资本计量既是重要的理论问题,也是涉及微观经济活动的现实问题。在资本计量问题上,西方经济学由于对资本概念内涵有着不同的理解,提出了许多不同的计量方法。这些方法有的在理论上存在逻辑问题,有的与现实经济生活相差较远。本文认为,马克思主义经济学对资本概念的理解既解决了资本计量的理论问题,又符合现实经济生活中会计实践需要,科学地揭示了资本实质,对经济生活具有根本的指导意义。     

论法制变迁与会计准则的执行

从国内现状的分析来看,中国会计管制中对计划一指令的强调使得在法律的认识上表现为关注法律的制定而非法律的执行。不同于英美会计准则制定时对于实务界需求的充分关注,虽然中国采取了相关的意见稿公布、听证等民主程序,但是民意表达的被动和对计划一指令的路径依赖使得强制性变迁下形成的中国企业会计准则面临与社会环境相适应的问题。会计准则的适应性问题是中国法制传统形成方式下的产物,也是有待实践进一步划清的事情。但是对会计信息质量状况改进的紧迫性促使目前会计管制的重心转向会计准则的执行。     

经济学与财务管理理论的发展

财务经济学是应用微观经济学的分支,侧重于应用和微观是它的两大特点。财务经济学理论通常被认为是现代企业财务管理的基础理论,经济学基础决定着现代企业财务管理理论的产生和发展。     

经济学说的演进与会计科学理论的发展

经济学是会计学的基础,在会计理论发展的道路上,经济学扮演着非常重要的角色。会计的基本理论与方法密切依存于不断演进中的经济理论,经济学理论和方法的创新必然会对会计学的发展产生深远的影响。     

社会环境会计构建的经济学分析

西方学者将环境会计与社会会计结合构建了社会环境会计,这是因为人类社会的发展归根结底是人类与其所处社会环境与自然环境对立统一、协调共进的动态过程,我国对这方面的研究显得明显不足。本文就构建我国社会环境会计的必要性和可行性进行经济学分析,以推动我国环境会计理论研究与实践的发展。     

重构流通经济学:基于商务经济学的视角

流通经济学研究的贫困问题不容忽视。主要原因在于学科的基本概念模糊、学科定位不准、没有一个科学的研究范式。但是,流通经济学贫困不能否定流通经济学科的存在。构建商务经济学是解决流通经济学贫困的出路,因为它拓宽了流通经济学的研究领域和研究空间,使得流通、贸易、商业等术语使用混乱的状况得到改善。商务经济学可以加速内外贸学科一体化,突出电子商务的作用。     

Frequent probabilistic punishment in law enforcement

Timing and frequency of punishment are critical elements in law enforcement. Previous studies suggest the superiority of immediate punishment schemes over delayed punishment, as well as the importance of frequent punishment. Yet law enforcement schemes which utilize both frequent and immediate punishment are often cost prohibitive. In this work, we propose the “bad lottery immediate punishment” as an effective substitute to immediate punishment. This is a punishment mechanism that signals immediately to an offender that his violation has been spotted, but the actual penalty is delayed and probabilistic. We discuss implications in law enforcement, where probabilistic punishment is potentially more cost effective. Received: May 2000 / Acccepted: December 2000