会计信息披露与资本市场配置效率的实验研究

文章基于会计管制的角度将会计信息分为强制性披露的部分和自愿性披露的部分,采用实验研究的方法,在一个相对"干净"的环境中寻找会计信息披露影响资本市场配置效率的证据。研究结论表明,强制性披露的会计信息质量与资本市场配置效率正相关,且这种正相关性在具有较高自愿性披露会计信息质量的公司中更为明显。     

Corporate carbon risk exposure,voluntary disclosure,and financial reporting quality

The study examines whether corporate carbon risk exposure is associated with financial reporting quality and whether voluntary carbon disclosure mediates the relationship. We analyze data drawn from firms traded on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), for the period 2011 to 2015. We document robust evidence that firms with higher carbon risk exposure tend to provide financial statements of poorer quality (i.e., direct effect) and this association is partially mediated through voluntary carbon disclosure (i.e., indirect effect). The overall negative association between corporate carbon risk exposure and the firm's financial reporting quality is partly explained by the quality of voluntary carbon disclosure.     

美国内部控制报告的嬗变及启示

是否应该强制管理层提供内部控制报告历来是极具争议性的话题。文章首先介绍了美国内部控制报告由自愿性披露到强制性披露的发展历程,并结合我国上市公司的内部控制情况,就完善控制信息披露提出了几点建议。     

信息披露监管:强制披露与自愿披露的协调

从信息是否可观测、可核实的经济特性出发,分析强制性信息披露制度有限性的根源及其与自愿性信息披露制度共存的问题.强制性信息披露制度对披露一些动机不可观测、内容不可核实的信息存在一定的有限性,而自愿性信息披露制度则能很好地对这类信息进行披露,因此两种信息披露制度可以实现一定的共存,使信息披露制度体系从单纯以管制为主转变为激励与管制并重.     

Beyond symbolic and substantive: Strategic disclosure of corporate environmental information in China

Under increasing regulatory pressure to disclose environmental impacts, corporate environmental information disclosure (EID) is becoming more prevalent. However, the motives for EID and disclosure approaches (i.e., symbolic or substantive) remain controversial. Using a sample of data for 742 listed manufacturing firms in China across 3 years, we provide evidence to show that the level of EID is significantly positively associated with a firm's advertising intensity and that firms in moderately competitive industries have a higher propensity for adopting an EID‐based differentiated strategy than firms in stronger or weaker competitive industries. We also find that firms that are more sensitive to environmental issues strategically understate their environmental impact when directly facing consumers. Our results suggest that the implementation of corporate EID is strategic and that firms have strong market motives, even under regulatory pressure to demonstrate legitimacy. We discuss this study's contributions to research on EID theory and implications for strategic EID management.     

内部控制信息披露的市场反应——来自沪深股市的经验证据

研究发现,内控信息披露引致市场的正面反应,累计异常超额收益为正;强制与自愿披露内控信息相比,强制内控信息披露获得的超额收益率更高。同时,上市公司规模大小、是否"四大"审计等也影响内部控制信息披露的异常超额收益率的高低。     

上市公司强制与自愿信息披露的协调利用

目前在我国的证券市场中存在着一定程度的诚信危机,投资者对上市公司信息披露的质量不是很满意,证券市场的发展已经引起了市场参与者的普遍关注,而我国对信息披露的探索主要局限于强制披露,较少涉及自愿披露的内容,因此我国应当吸取国外发达资本市场国家的经验将强制披露和自愿披露看做是互补而非替代的关系,以满足信息使用者的需求。     

企业信息披露、外部市场环境与商业信用

现有企业信息披露研究侧重于其对股东决策的影响,然而供应商作为重要的利益相关者,也会依赖于企业信息披露而调整商业信用策略。利用深交所的信息披露考核来表征公司信息披露质量,实证考察了企业不同信息披露质量对商业信用的影响,以及外部市场环境对两者关系的进一步作用。研究发现,企业的信息披露质量越高,获取的商业信用越多,说明公司信息披露可以降低违约风险和信用风险;进一步研究发现,在竞争更为激烈的行业、市场化程度高的地区,信息披露质量对商业信用的影响更为显著,说明企业信息披露质量对商业信用正面作用的发挥依赖于市场因素。     

Impact of IFRS adoption on accounting quality in European firms

In this paper it is examined whether firms following International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） exhibit higher accounting quality. While IFRS are supposed to improve international comparisons by harmonisation and definition of strong principles, Ball （2006） and Nobes （2006） were concerned about differences in the application of IFRS cross-countries and firms. Barth, Landsman ＆ Lang （2008） stated that the flexibility of principles- based International Accounting Standards （IAS） could create incentives for firms to manage earnings. This paper contributes to analyse the impact of IFRS on accounting quality for European firms. The findings show that for firms in the European Union （EU） IFRS produce a negative effect on accounting quality that continues after 2005, when IFRS becomes mandatory. By contrast, for European firms which are not EU members the IFRS adoption increases accounting quality. These results support the concerns about IFRS application and flexibility and indicate that accounting quality does not improve just because the adoption of IFRS is mandatory.     

Analyst following,disclosure quality,and discretionary impairments: Evidence from China

Financial statement preparers’ discretion in fair value measurements is integral to asset impairment accounting. Firms may misuse this discretion to report more or less impairment loss than is warranted by underlying economic circumstances. Using data from a sample of publicly listed firms in China, this study finds that analyst following reduces abnormal impairment loss, the portion of reported impairment loss that cannot be explained by corporate economic circumstances and that this effect is more pronounced for firms with lower information disclosure quality. However, the reducing effects of analyst following and its interaction with disclosure quality are greater for income‐decreasing than for income‐increasing abnormal impairment loss. Additional analyses support the argument that these differences are attributable to the dominance of accounting’s contracting role over its informational role. Overall, the findings indicate that the influence of analyst following on discretionary impairment accounting decisions is moderated by disclosure quality and by the relative importance of accounting’s contracting and informational roles in an emerging market setting.     

专有性成本与公司自愿性信息披露策略

运用数学模型,对专有性成本与上市公司自愿性信息披露水平、产品市场竞争策略与公司自愿性信息披露决策之间的关系进行分析。分析结果发现,专有性成本是公司信息披露决策中的重要影响因素。由于专有性成本的存在,公司在进行自愿性信息披露时,需要权衡其在资本市场上获得的收益和其在产品市场上保持的竞争优势这两者之间孰轻孰重。上市公司在产品市场中的竞争策略的选择也将影响其自愿性信息披露决策。     

Factors influencing the quality of corporate environmental disclosure

Many firms choose to communicate their environmental strategies through voluntary environmental disclosures. This paper examines patterns in the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures made by a sample of around 450 large UK companies drawn from a diverse range of industrial sectors. The analysis distinguishes between five facets of quality, including the disclosure of group‐wide environmental policies, environmental impact targets and an environmental audit. We examine how the decisions firms face regarding each facet of quality are determined by firm and industry characteristics, and find the quality of disclosure to be determined by a firm's size and the nature of its business activities. Specifically, we find high quality disclosure to be primarily associated with larger firms and those in sectors most closely related to environmental concerns. In contrast to several recent contributions, we find that the media exposure of companies plays no role in stimulating voluntary disclosures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

论上市公司财务预测信息的披露

我国上市公司应披露的财务预测信息主要包括前瞻性信息、盈利预测、业绩预告和风险因素四大类。目前上市公司财务预测信息的披露尚存在许多问题,突出地表现为:编制与披露的法律、法规、规章、制度不完善,财务预测信息有效供给严重不足,财务预测信息披露不及时,没有建立类似美国的"安全港规则",没有形成财务预测信息披露的竞争机制,从而影响了财务预测信息的决策有效性。因此,必须采取相应措施来系统解决上述问题。     

Does capital structure differently affect incumbents' responses to entry threat and actual entry?

Some theories predict that firms with higher financial leverage compete more aggressively in product markets than firms with lower financial leverage, whereas others predict that lower‐leverage firms compete more aggressively than higher‐leverage firms. This paper studies how incumbent airlines' capital structure affects their responses to Southwest Airlines' entry threat and actual entry. The results indicate that, when responding to entry threat, lower‐leverage incumbents cut prices more aggressively than higher‐leverage incumbents; in contrast, when responding to actual entry, higher‐leverage incumbents cut prices more aggressively than lower‐leverage incumbents.     

Corporate carbon risk,voluntary disclosure,and cost of capital: South African evidence

The study examines the interplay among corporate carbon risk, voluntary disclosure, and cost of capital within the context of South Africa, a “rising power” in the climate policy debate. We develop a system of simultaneous equations models and analyze data drawn from firms traded on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE), for the period 2010 to 2015, using the three‐stage least squares procedure. We find that voluntary carbon disclosure is associated with lower overall (and equity) cost of capital, after controlling for corporate carbon risk. We also find that firms with higher carbon risk tend to provide better quality carbon disclosure and signal the possibility of high carbon risk to avoid negative market reactions resulting from concealing carbon information. Although the capital market does not appear to incorporate individual firm's carbon risk exposure into the required cost of capital, we find that it generally requires higher returns for companies operating in carbon‐intensive sectors. These findings suggest that firms could exploit the virtues of voluntary carbon disclosure to reduce their overall (and equity) cost of capital. Our findings also imply that regulators and policymakers could point to the cost of capital reducing role of voluntary disclosure to lure firms into voluntarily providing superior quality carbon disclosures.     

The effect of earnings forecast precision on firm value and insider trading under voluntary disclosure in Taiwan

Taiwan changed its earnings forecast policy from mandatory to voluntary disclosure in 2005. In this study, the inferences of voluntary earnings forecast are examined based on forecasts issued by listed firms. This study suspects that insiders have a temptation to strategically manipulate financial forecast information to influence markets and thus receive extra rents. Under the new earnings forecast disclosure policy, the number of disclosing firm decreases but the precision of earnings forecast increases. The empirical result from dynamic panel data evidences the forecast error of voluntary disclosure may negatively impact firm values. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between insiders＇ trading profit and manipulation of earnings forecasts. As volatility in insider manipulation increases, it is difficult for the investors to predict the real intention of insiders, and insiders may achieve greater benefits from trading. This study also observes that many listed companies hold investor conferences to provide earnings guidance in Taiwan. The reason may be that investor conference is more flexible and has less forecast error cost than the formal financial forecast. This study provides important insights into earnings forecast policy in emerging markets. The competent authority should improve corporate governance and develop monitoring functions to abate forecast manipulation.     

打破垄断促进市场有效竞争

行业性行政垄断的存在,严重阻碍着我国市场化的进程.引进竞争、打破垄断是当前我国继续深化改革、实行全面开放的一项紧迫而又艰巨的任务.我们要按照现代社会经济与公共管理的演进趋势认识垄断问题,并从多方面寻求打破垄断的思路与措施.