财政分权与经济增长

财政分权如何影响经济发展,传统的财政分权以及新一代财政分权理论都没有明确地探讨并阐明过这一方面的问题。对这一问题的研究是当代财政学领域的研究热点,其意义在于为国家财政体系的改革提供理论依据。本文综述了当今该领域的主要研究成果,在此基础上对财政分权与经济增长的关系进行了辩证思考,为进一步深入研究提供参考。     

财政分权与经济增长：第二代财政分权理论

20世纪90年代中期以来，第二代财政分权理论有了极大发展。本文回顾了这一新理论区别于传统理论的特征，以及将其用于经济增长研究得出的新发现和主要问题。在此类研究中，中国改革开放以来的经济绩效，一方面为回答“财政分权是否有助于促进经济增长”提供了重要的经验研究依据，另一方面也在一定程度上证实了制度设计对财政分权效果具有决定性影响的判断，这与国内一些研究得出的结论有相似之处。这些研究成果对我国未来的中央一地方财政关系的发展具有重要的启示意义。     

中印财政分权的经济增长效应研究

关于财政分权如何影响经济增长的大量实证研究结果是相互矛盾的,其主要原因在于研究方法中存在两个不足:一是建模所依据的基础模型中只包含了财政支出分权变量而没有包含财政收入分权变量;二是在数据选择上没有考虑最优财政分权度相对稳定的必要性。由此出发,本文提出了一个改进的实证研究基本模型,以及数据选择的限制性条件。运用这一结果,本文根据中印国情和经济发展的特点建立了一组逐步加入两类可控变量的多元线性回归模型,实证研究了中印财政分权对经济增长的影响。结果显示,1990年代末至今,中印的财政支出分权都促进了经济增长;而财政收入分权的经济增长效应则不同:中国的财政收入分权阻碍了经济增长,印度的财政收入分权促进了经济增长。     

中国财政分权制度与地区经济增长

中国财政分权制度是财政体制中一项重要的内容,经济的转型需要充分发挥财政的作用,然而一直以来理论研究都认为财政分权制度对经济增长的作用不大,随着近年来财政分权制的实施,很多地方的经济都得到了很大的发展,因此财政部门要加强财政分权的制度建设,通过财政的力量来缩小地区间经济的差异。     

财政分权对经济增长影响的文献概览

伴随着中国改革开放后经济的迅速增长,越来越多的学者围绕财政分权问题展开了研究。对财政分权的基本理论以及财政分权与经济增长的实证研究进行综述,并得出了若干启示。     

税收体制改革、财政分权和经济增长

税收体制改革一直是我国近些年来的热点话题,而且在未来一段时间内也是如此。税制改革的目的就是为了能够理顺中央政府和地方政府之间财权和事权的关系从而提高财政收支的效率,对经济产生一定的影响。因此税制改革属于财政分权的范畴,而且和经济增长之间也存在着一些关系,这样搞清楚税制改革,财政分权和经济增长的关系就非常重要。本文的目的就是对这方面代表性的文献进行的一些总结,对这些文献的理论框架和经验检验的方法进行了概括同时提出了未来的研究方向。     

财政分权、空间溢出与经济增长

相关研究发现,邻省间存在明显的政策模仿和基础设施的空间溢出作用。而财政分权作为影响地方政府政策和基础设施建设的重要因素,也必然对经济增长具有较强的空间溢出作用。在经典财政分权模型的基础上,建立考虑空间相关的拓展模型,以此模型的结论为基础,利用中国大陆31个省份1998—2005年的面板数据进行空间计量分析,结果发现,我国的财政分权对经济增长有着显著的促进作用和空间溢出效应。     

财政分权、经济增长目标与全要素生产率

本文将财政分权、经济增长目标和全要素生产率纳入统一分析框架,分析并检验经济增长目标约束下财政分权对全要素生产率的影响及作用机制。研究发现,财政分权会提高基础建设投资和房地产投资水平,但由于受到经济增长目标的约束,基础建设投资和房地产投资会抑制全要素生产率的提高,因此财政分权对全要素生产率产生抑制作用。随着经济增长目标的增大和约束力的增强,抑制作用愈加明显,且这种影响在保增长压力大的地区更显著。从全要素生产率分解指标来看,财政分权对技术效率和技术进步均产生显著的抑制作用,经济增长目标值约束和硬约束的压力更多地作用在对技术进步的负向影响上。     

财政分权、经济增长与强制性制度变迁

当前我国财政分权的强制性制度安排,使得地方政府之间的关系逐渐转向零和博弈,需求诱致型的晋升激励使得地方政府官员展开激烈的锦标赛竞争,中央政府对制度刚性的放弃也达到了制度与经济绩效博弈的纳什均衡。但是,由财政分权改革导致的众多问题开始制衡经济稳定增长,而且还导致对诱致性制度变迁的抑制。因此,政府体制改革应从制度安排入手,祛除体制性弊端,以弥补财权和事权分离体制的缺陷与不足。     

财政分权影响中国经济绿色增长吗?

基于2003-2017年285个城市面板数据,利用非径向性方向距离函数和共同前沿方法测度绿色全要素生产率及其分解,并利用动态空间模型实证分析财政分权对经济绿色增长的影响及其传导途径.结果 表明:城市绿色全要素生产率及其分解呈现出明显的时间异质性和空间异质性;财政分权显著有利于经济绿色增长,且这种影响存在明显的城市类型异质性和区域异质性;财政分权通过增加研发投入和基础设施建设,促进了经济绿色增长,但与此同时,财政分权引致了规制竞争和市场分割,抑制了经济绿色增长.     

Neo-protectionism and economic growth

The world economy is threatening to find itself in a vicious circle of escalating protectionism. Franz Peter Lang explains the dangers and consequences of this. Gary Banks argues that the “new protectionism” is not so much a temporary by-product of the recession as the external manifestation of internal domestic struggles between vested interests and the public interest, and pleads for the establishment of a “transparency institution”.     

Entrepreneurial types and economic growth

Most literature on economic growth focuses on expenditure in research and development (R&D) because of its ability to produce technological change. Models based on this principle, however, fail to account for the exceptional growth exhibited in recent year by country such as China where R&D expenditure is virtually non-existing and for the lack of growth observed in countries such as Japan where R&D expenditure is significant. We propose a model in which entrepreneurs may be research-based (those incurring R&D expenditure) or imitators (those not incurring R&D expenditure) and show that, when the returns to R&D expenditure are low, such as in many emerging economies, the presence of a high number of imitative entrepreneurs who increase competition and product supply is sufficient to generate economic growth regardless of the distribution of activity between research-based and imitative and in spite of low R&D expenditure.     

志怀 远见 重构经济增长的秩序

2020年是复杂的、模糊的,它将是一系列变量综合影响的结果,是好是坏,不得而知。2020年又是清晰可见的,它是目标清晰、路径清晰、办法清晰的中华民族伟大复兴征程中的一个划时代节点,承前启后,别无选择。2019年12月20日,第十二届《浙商》年会在杭州国际会议中心举行。本届年会由浙江日报报业集团、浙商发展研究院(浙商智库)指导,《浙商》杂志、世界浙商网主办,以“志怀与远见”为主题,深入分析全球热点,全面展望崭新趋势,为浙商创新求变赋能,为民营经济新一轮发展增添信心、力量和智慧。     

Trade structure and economic growth

Abstract

How do the number of trade partners and the concentration of trade among partners affect the economic growth of a country? We refer to these characteristics as the structure of trade, and explore this question empirically in this study. We find that the structure of trade, independently of the level of trade itself, has an important effect on the rate of economic growth. The results of the study suggest that the number of trading partners is positively correlated with growth across all countries, and this effect is more pronounced for rich countries. Trade concentration is positively correlated with growth for all countries, and the effect is concentrated in poor countries. Previous work has overlooked these characteristics of trade, although we find them to be quite relevant and that they could lead to new ways of understanding the trade – growth relationship.     

Export externalities and economic growth

Feder formulated the first model with an explicit mechanism connecting international trade and economic growth. We present new econometric estimates of this unique model for 30 developing countries studied by Feder. We replicate Feder's 1964?–?73 cross-section estimates for 1974?–?83 and 1984?–?93 and find that the export variables lose significance and that the model has less explanatory power overall. We also try to improve on time-series estimates by Ram and find that the coefficient of Feder's total factor productivity differential in favour of the export sector was positive and significant for 18 of the 30 countries. The export externality coefficient proved to be positive and significant in 13 countries although significant multicollinearity occurs in the regressions for eight of the 13. Comparisons of the results among countries suggest that the impact of exports on growth depends on population size, trade orientation, and the importance of manufacturing.     

Federal policy and economic growth

I am quite concerned about the high and rising levels of federal debt we will have in the long term unless our policies are changed. But as I look out to the next several years, I am much more worried about the prospect of sharp cuts in federal spending that would be damaging to the country’s long-term growth prospects. We are on track to significantly cut federal investment in infrastructure relative to the historical pattern, and this would be a terrible mistake. There is no evidence that this administration’s policies will lead to faster economic growth, on balance, and setting expectations of 3 or 4% growth does not advance the national discussion. As we make changes in government policies, we should give distributional concerns significant weight. If we continue to support policies that are good for the economy as a whole but bad for lower- or middle-income people, we need to step up with practical policies to compensate those people for their losses.     

Culture, freedom and economic growth: Do cultural values explain economic growth?

Economic freedom, the ability of a society to conduct business in an unfettered manner without government intrusion, is a key determinant of economic success, but national culture, too, is thought to play a significant role in shaping a nation's business environment. This article combines data from a bench-mark report, the Index of Economic Freedom, with two competing measures of national culture to posit a significant relationship between measures of culture, economic freedom, and economic growth. We discuss the implications of this relationship for business and for further academic research.     

Inflation and economic growth in LDCs

Economists find it difficult to reach agreement about the effects on economic growth of depreciation of the money value. One reason is that they define certain terms in different ways, another one is that many other factors as well as inflation have an impact on economic growth. They may intensify or compensate for positive and negative relations between inflation and economic growth.