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农业是国家经济的命脉之一,同时也是用水大户,随着目前水资源短缺的现状越来越突出,为寻求资源节约型的现代农业和谐发展.通过凋整农业种植结构来减少农业用水将是解决水资源短缺问题的关键之路。本文从节水浇灌与农业结构调整的角度进行了探讨。 相似文献
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近日,云南省宣布将全面开征水资源费,逐步形成水价调节机制,推动节水型社会的形成,引导居民用水、农业用水和工业用水自觉调整用水数量,促进经济社会健康发展。为了促进水资源的可持续利用,云南省于去年7月起对在滇的电力企业全面征收水资源费。截至去年底,全省已有360多家电力企业共缴纳水资源费10252万元。在此基础上,云南省决定今年全面推行水价改革,除农村生产、生活用水原则上暂不征收水资源费外,其余未开征的地区和行业将尽快依法开征水资源费。与此同时,云南省加快推进污水处理产业化。已经开征污水处理费的城市,在调整供水价格时,优先将污水处理收费标准调整到保本并有合理盈利的水平。 相似文献
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在2007年投入产出表基础上,编制阜新市国民经济用水投入产出表;计算直接用水系数和完全用水系数,分析行业用水特性及产品调入调出对水资源的影响。主要结论:农业和电力、煤炭传统支柱产业是高用水部门;食品加工和纺织业是潜在高用水部门;通过农业贸易,以嵌入水形式,阜新成为水资源净出口地区。最后,针对国民经济用水存在的问题,提出对策和建议。 相似文献
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水是生命之源,是工业的血液,是农业的命脉,是保持生态环境平衡、维系人民生活、支撑经济社会发展中不可替代的资源。内蒙古是严重缺水地区,干旱少雨是该地区突出的特点。随着人口的增长和经济社会的发展,各行业用水大幅度增长,对我区水资源供给形成巨大压力。而且水资源分布的不均,进一步加剧了部分地区的水源短缺现状。2004年底,农业用水高达149.4亿m^3,比上年增长2.3%,占全区用水、总量171.5亿m^3的87.1%。占地表水天然补充量371.27亿m^3的40.2%。地下水天然补给量137.95亿m^3不够农业的消耗量,还少了11.45亿m^3;农业消耗全年用水总量的87.1%。但仅创造GDP的15.2%。可见,粗放式的农业生产方式消耗着大量水资源,生产方式亟待改进。为此,采用节水设备节约用水,增强全民节约用水意识,提高水资源的循环利用率,优化配置水资源,应引起全社会的广泛关注。 相似文献
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农业是用水大户,解决农业用水问题不仅直接关系着农业的发展,而且会对其他行业用水产生巨大的影响。因此,解决好农业用水问题,对缓解我国水资源供需矛盾,以及对整个经济社会的发展有着极其重大的战略意义。 相似文献
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随着时间的推移,人类不断加大了水资源的开发力度,将其应用在各行业领域中,如工业用水、农业用水、商业用水、生活用水等,导致水资源呈现短缺的趋势。文章以千河流域为例,对水资源保护及水资源可持续利用策略进行了研究,以期为相关学者提供有益的参考。 相似文献
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本文分析了灌区农用水资源的产权属性,指出了现行灌区农用水资源配置机制存在着水权制度不健全、传统灌溉设施产权制度落后、水价低、群众参与管理意识不强等种种问题,进而针对这些问题提出了灌区农用水资源配置机制的创新建议———建立多中心治理结构为基础的农业用水协会,并对其进行了多中心理论分析。最后以山东省平原县夏家口经济自立灌排区试点为案例,对其绩效进行了相关考察。文章最后提出:建立以多中心治理结构为基础的农业用水协会,使农户以有效的用水组织形式参与用水灌区管理,是提高灌区农用水资源利用效率的组织保障,也是提高水资源管理效率的有效措施。 相似文献
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水资源及水竦境保护,主要指在水资源(水权)运营中,一方面是水资源及水环境免受破坏(污染),另一方面是水源地及涵养水源区的保护。水资源及水环境保护是水法(环境资源保护法)规制的主要对象。水资源及水环境保护基本原则必然是水法(环境资源保护法)基本原则的具体体现。水资源及水环境保护基本原则主要包括:可持续发展原则,受益方对受损方利益补偿原则,预防为主与防治结合、从源头防治与保护原则,公众参与保护及全过程监督原则和协同合作原则。 相似文献
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水域旅游资源是一种重要的旅游资源,开发好风景区水域旅游资源意义重大。该文在介绍风景区水域旅游资源相关概念和研究的基础上,以九鲤湖风景区为例,运用SW OT分析法,分析和评价了九鲤湖风景区水域旅游资源开发的条件,提出要注重水域的生态保护、开发适合各年龄层次的水域旅游产品、深入挖掘水域旅游资源的文化内涵等对策和措施。 相似文献
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Water resource management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zabihollah Rezaee 《Atlantic Economic Journal》1999,27(3):343-352
A growing number of countries are now experiencing increasing water stresses because of a higher demand for usable water and a failure to protect available resources from pollution. Water is a precious and scarce commodity that should be properly managed and effectively utilized. A book entitledEconomics of Water Resources: From Regulation to Privatization, coauthored by Nicolas Spulber and Asghar Sabbaghi, analyzes a number of issues in water resource management. The book provides extensive quantitative materials in support of water resource privatization. Water privatization that allows for a voluntary transfer of rights between buyers and sellers and adequate protection for other affected parties can lead to efficient use and conservation of available water resources. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The Guide to the National Water Act, 1998 (Act 36 of 1998) regards the availability of water as a basic human right. However, local governments seem to struggle to pay for the water they provide to their residents as prescribed in the Water Services Act, 1997 (Act 108 of 1997). This study focused on the domestic provision and consumption of water in Soweto, one of the largest townships in the Johannesburg area of South Africa. Surveys were conducted with 372 respondents from three different socio-economic suburbs in Soweto with the aim to establish their water use perceptions and practices. Study results indicate implementation of the National Water Act is still being resisted by Sowetan households more than two decades after its adoption, due to the difference in expectations of the municipality and the residents regarding rights to water access and responsible usage. 相似文献
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介绍了某电厂的水资源现状。通过现场试验,从技术、经济、可操作性等方面进行了分析论证。试验结果表明:循环水回用于锅炉补给水是完全可行的。 相似文献
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渭河流域水环境问题辨识 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
渭河水环境问题日益突出,已经成为区域经济社会可持续发展的制约因素.通过对渭河流域水环境存在的问题和主要原因进行综合分析,得出渭河流域主要存在着水沙异源,产量不均衡;水资源严重短缺,利用方式粗放;水质污染严重,以及流域生态环境格局差异巨大等主要的环境问题.通过对渭河流域存在的水环境问题进行识别与辨识,为在渭河流域开展水资源综合治理,实现对流域自然资源的持续利用与管理提供参考. 相似文献
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In this paper we provide an overview of recent trends in the availability and quality of land and water resources in rural China, and examine the common presumption that rural resources are rapidly degrading in China. Data based on consistent definitions and measurement methods that have recently become available are used to that end. In addition, we analyse the impact of new policy initiatives to introduce market-based instruments and new institutions to address land degradation and water scarcity problems.We find that the decline in cultivated area has accelerated in the beginning of the new century. Ecological recovery programs, not urbanization and industrialization, are the major factors causing this decline. Ecological recovery programs are also a major force behind the increase in forest land area and the reduction of water erosion. Modest successes can be observed in the protection of wetlands and (until the mid-1980s) for the average quality of cultivated land. On the other hand, degradation of natural grassland and wind erosion have become much more severe in recent decades.In northern China, particularly in the 3-H (Hai and Luan, Huai and Huang) river basins, the availability of water has tightened. Groundwater tables have fallen considerably in the Hai river basin, because farmers increasingly rely on groundwater for irrigation. Evidence on other parts of northern China is mixed. Pollution of surface water is getting worse since the beginning of the 1990s in two major lakes in southern China and until recently in the rivers in northern China. Water quality problems in the larger rivers in southern China are less severe and getting less. These problems are to a large extent caused by agriculture-based non-point source pollution, especially in the major lakes and reservoirs.The sloping land conversion program, water pricing, and the establishment of water user associations and payments for environmental service projects are used as cases to examine the introduction of market-based instruments and new institutions. We argue that less government interference in the implementation of these instruments and institutions is likely to enhance ecological as well the economic benefits. Moreover, supportive measures to improve the functioning of land and labor markets are usually needed to ensure the sustainability of the impact of interventions. 相似文献
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江水源热泵技术需要以江水为载体,在综合评价了黄浦江水水质的基础上,得出了该技术在上海地区的可行性。把江水源热泵系统与冰蓄冷技术相结合,使其比传统的冷却塔方式更节能环保。在工程中采用了综合能效测评法,计算出制冷系统COP和制热系统COP系数,使节能量值得信服。 相似文献