社区工作者职业化探索

社区工作者是指专业从事社区工作,以社区工作为职业的人员,目前社区居民的文化素质、知识理念越高的要求,社区工作者文化水平、综合能力、知识结构要有更大的提高,要不断拓宽知识面,更新知识,补充技能,增长才干,使学有所成、用有所长、做有所为,满足社区居民的需求。现阶段的社区工作者更强调必须具有社区工作专业教育背景,以社区工作为职业。     

Conceptualizing academic-entrepreneurial intentions: An empirical test

Policy makers are increasingly recognizing the catalytic role of academics’ spin-off companies in a national economy, which derives from their innovativeness that result in new value generation, and job creation. Although research on academics’ spin-off companies has been increasing, knowledge gaps exist as to the specific determinants and processes that characterize the emergence of academics’ entrepreneurial intentions that lead them to spin off companies. This research aims to fill this gap. Drawing from psychological and entrepreneurship research on intentionality, the authors propose a conceptual model of academics’ entrepreneurial intentions. They empirically test the model using structural equation modeling and a robust data set collected in two European academic settings to guide future research on this important topic.     

打造职业化员工的启示与思考

满足意味着止步不前．不知足意味着还能升华：职业化过程需要保持永不满足的激情。自我评价认为自己已经达到无可挑剔时．就会影响到工作思路的进一步拓展．导致自己陷身于止步不前的境地;随着职业市场化进程的纵深拓展,做好职业化员工应不断汲取新思维．更新自己的知识结构,充实自己的智力资源。以适应更高层次的职业需求。     

Popular Urbanization: Conceptualizing Urbanization Processes Beyond Informality

This article introduces the concept of popular urbanization to describe a specific urbanization process based on collective initiatives, self-organization and the activities of inhabitants. We understand popular urbanization as an urban strategy through which an urban territory is produced, transformed and appropriated by the people. This concept results from a theoretically guided and empirically grounded comparison of Mexico City, Istanbul and Lagos. Based on postcolonial critiques of urban theory and on the epistemologies of planetary urbanization, we bring urbanization processes in these urban regions into conversation with each other through a multidimensional theoretical framework inspired by Henri Lefebvre focusing on material interaction, territorial regulation, and everyday experience. In this way, popular urbanization emerged as a distinct urbanization process, which we identified in all three contexts. While this process is often subsumed under the broader concept of ‘urban informality’, we suggest that it may be helpful to distinguish popular urbanization as primarily led by the people, while commodification and state agencies play minor roles. As popular urbanization unfolds in diverse ways dependent upon the wider urban context, specific political constellations and actions, it results in a variety of spatial outcomes and temporal trajectories. This is therefore a revisable and open concept. In proposing the concept of popular urbanization for further examination, we seek to contribute to the collective development of a decentered vocabulary of urbanization.     

高职语文中职业素养的培育

培育学生的职业素养是高职教育的首要任务,也是保证高职教学质量的关键。高职语文以其学科特点及优势,在培育学生职业素养方面起到独特的作用。高职语文教育应与职业素养培育相融合,并从学科定位、课程设置、教材改革、教学方法等几方面为培育学生职业素养服务。     

Conceptualizing entrepreneurial capital in the context of institutional change

This paper explores the building of entrepreneurial capital from an entrepreneurship and contextual/institutional position. In taking this position, it is possible to understand “entrepreneurial capital” as the content of the process that unfolds when individuals are exposed to certain characteristics of the environment. Drawing on findings from an ethnographically inspired longitudinal case study, the paper identifies the various actions attributed to entrepreneuring actors. Using the context of Poland as an illustrative case, the paper traces a variety of entrepreneuring accounts which appear to define entrepreneurial capital. This in turn provides a preliminary theoretical framework for the nature and the key elements of entrepreneurial capital. The study indicates that entrepreneurial capital is relationally and contextually constituted. The findings draw attention to the value of entrepreneurial capital in the context of an organizational and institutional change process that (1) involves the active creation Lachmann (Organization Studies 31: 219–244, 1986) of entrepreneuring actors within an organizational and societal context, (2) creates beneficial and supportive conditions that incorporate internal (organizational, personality) and external (environmental) resources for entrepreneuring, and (3) is facilitated by the entrepreneuring process. Finally, implications for entrepreneurship inquiry are drawn.     

Conceptualizing Knowledge Creation: A Critique of Nonaka's Theory*

abstract Nonaka's proposition that knowledge is created through the interaction of tacit and explicit knowledge involving four modes of knowledge conversion is flawed. Three of the modes appear plausible but none are supported by evidence that cannot be explained more simply. The conceptual framework omits inherently tacit knowledge, and uses a radically subjective definition of knowledge: knowledge is in effect created by managers. A new framework is proposed suggesting that different kinds of knowledge are created by different kinds of behaviour. Following Dewey, non‐reflectional behaviour is distinguished from reflective behaviour, the former being associated with tacit knowledge, and the latter with explicit knowledge. Some of the implications for academic and managerial practice are considered.     

Managerial Professionalism and the Use of Organization Resources

Abstract . Coase, Kaldor, and Baumol represent a pattern of thinking among microeconomists which regards professionalism among organization managers as contributing to efficiency and, therefore, a source of expansion of an organization's size beyond the limits otherwise expected. This paper takes the contrary position that managerial professionalism does not lead to technical efficiency but to the consumption of organization resources for competitive performances aimed at impressing outside audiences. The implications of empirical findings from a time series study of professionalizing functionaries are discussed.     

Conceptualizing dysfunctional consequences of performance measurement in the public sector

ABSTRACT

Performance measurement (PM) has become increasingly popular in the management of public sector organizations (PSOs). This is somewhat paradoxical considering that PM has been criticized for having dysfunctional consequences. Although there are reasons to believe that PM may have dysfunctional consequences, when they occur has not been clarified. The aim of this research is to conceptualize the dysfunctional consequences of PM in PSOs. Based on complementarity theory and contingency theory we conclude that dysfunctional consequences of PM are a matter of interactions between PM design and PM use, between control practices in the control system and between PM and context.     

Activism for Corporate Responsibility: Conceptualizing Private Regulation Opportunity Structures

In this article, we examine how private regulatory initiatives (PRIs) – which define standards for corporate responsibility (CR) issues and sometimes monitor their application by firms – create opportunities and constraints for activist groups aiming to push firms towards more stringent CR activities. Drawing on social movement theory, we conceptualize how private regulation opportunity structures affect such CR‐based activist groups' targets and tactics at both the firm and field levels. At the field level, we argue that both radical and reformative activist groups direct most of their time and resources towards PRIs with comparatively more stringent standards. At the firm level, while radical activist groups are likely to target firms participating in more stringent PRIs, reformative activist groups target firms participating in less stringent PRIs, or those that do not participate in PRIs at all. When facing unfavourable opportunity structures, CR‐based activist groups tend either to advocate the creation of new PRIs or to shift their activities to pressure other focal points. This article contributes to moving beyond extant literature's emphasis of PRIs as settlements of contentious firm–activist interactions towards also viewing them as starting points for activist groups aiming to push firms towards a more substantive CR engagement.     

论体育运动项目职业化改革与发展

随着我国市场经济体制不断完善,体育运动项目走向市场化、职业化是一个必然趋势.文章旨在以体育项目职业化问题为切入点,对体育运动项目职业化的发展与改革在市场运行中的一些重要问题进行相关探讨.     

论体育运动项目职业化改革与发展

随着我国市场经济体剥不断完善,体育遥动项目走向市场化、职业化是一个必然趋势。文章旨在以体育项目职业化问题为切入点,对体育运动项爵职业化的发展与改革在市场运行中的一些重要问题进行相关探讨。     

现代教育技术下青年教师职业素养的提升

在当前网络数字信息时代,社会进入数字化生存状态。网络数字信息时代对高等学校青年教师职业素养的提升提出了新的要求,高校青年教师必须在网络数字信息的环境下进行现代教育技术的学习与应用,从而在①基于网络教学资源设计的优化;②基于多媒体教学实施过程的控制;③基于网络信息的科研能力的提升;④基于网络资源的自学能力的提升等几方面全面提升高等学校青年教师职业素养。     

论高职旅游专业学生职业素养的养成

据调查,目前许多旅游专业毕业生往往达不到旅游企业的用人要求,这当中,校企人才供需错位是原因,但缺乏职业素养才是旅游专业毕业生被旅游企业拒之门外的最主要原因。文中依次从三个方面对高职旅游专业学生职业素养的养成进行分析:职业素养的内涵、职业素养养成的重要性、旅游专业学生职业素养的提升途径。     

高校新任辅导员的职业化、专业化道路探析

本文着眼于新任高校辅导员职业化、专业化道路的探析,通过对当前高校辅导员队伍建设现状及新任辅导员工作特点的探究,结合工作实际,构建新任辅导员入职后的"提升—飞跃"成长框架,为新任辅导员队伍的发展提供实践指导。     

本科层次小学数学教师专业素养的职前培养

本科层次小学数学教师专业素养的职前培养是教师专业化发展的一个重要环节。本文主要从广博的专业知识领域和宽厚的文化功底、娴熟的教育专业技能、初步的教育科研能力三个方面介绍了本科层次小学数学教师专业素养职前培养的方法。     

Do not say a word! Conceptualizing employee silence in a long-term crisis context

Abstract

Although research has emphasized the organizational and individual factors that influence employee voice and silence at work, it is less known how employee voice/silence is affected by the economic context, particularly when this context is one of intensive and long-term economic crisis in a country with weak institutional bases. In this study, we explore how employee silence is formulated in long-term turbulent economic environments and in more vulnerable organizational settings like those of small enterprises. The study draws on qualitative data gathered from 63 interviews with employees in a total of 48 small enterprises in Greece in two periods of time (2009 and 2015). This study suggests a new type of employee silence, social empathy silence, and offers a conceptual framework for understanding the development of silence over time in particular contexts of long-term turbulence and crisis.     

Conceptualizing Family Violence as a Workplace Issue: A Framework for Research and Practice

Until recently, violence in the home has been regarded as a private family matter. Employees who are victims of abuse at home have been expected to put their experience of abuse behind them when they go to work, and employers have not been expected to interfere. Yet, the consequences of disregarding family violence as an organizational issue may be quite severe. This article suggests that family violence can affect the career advancement of individual victims; their performance at work; relationships with co-workers, supervisors, and customers; and, ultimately, organizational effectiveness. Moreover, this article argues that organizations have a social responsibility to contribute to the elimination of family violence by creating a workplace environment in which violence is not tolerated, abused victims are provided with support and assistance, and strategies for equalizing power relationships between men and women are implemented. Implications for future research as well as for organizational policy and practice are explored.