《爱》中的黑人女性L的流散身份建构

对于后殖民时代的流散族群来说,文化身份不是一个本质性的存在,而是一个处在不断建构和再建构的动态的认同过程。托妮·莫里森的小说《爱》就是一部描述20世纪美国非裔流散群体,尤其是女性流散群体身份的迷失与建构的小说。从后殖民女性主义视角来看,以小说中的黑人女性L为代表的流散主体在流散身份建构的过程中,要面对种族、性别、阶级等多重因素的影响。在多重压迫下,以L为代表的黑人女性,只有固守民族文化,捍卫女性独立,才能完成对流散身份的建构,从而获得真正的独立与自由。     

The Influence of Government Policies on Informal Labor: Implications for Long-Run Growth

Using cross-sectional data from industrialized and developing economies, we examine long-run growth regressions linking government policies, informal employment and real GDP per worker. We find that changes in government policies of taxation and enforcement significantly affect growth in the informal sector. Further, we show that increases (decreases) in informal employment significantly and negatively (positively) affect a country's growth rate of real GDP per worker. The empirical link between government policies, informal employment and real GDP per worker holds irrespective of a country's development. On average, changes in government policies, through their effect on the size of the informal sector, account for 6 percent of the growth rate of real GDP per worker between 1960 and 1990.     

战后日本科技政策演变：历史经验与启示

振兴科学技术,并以此为杠杆推动国家的经济发展,是战后日本科技政策的鲜明特点.研究战后日本科技政策演变的历史经验,强化对技术自主性的追求,妥善处理政府与企业在国家科技政策中的定位,形成有利于科技发展的文化氛围,对中国科技自主创新能力的提升具有重要意义.     

中日韩产业结构升级和产业政策演变比较及启示

通过实施有效的产业政策,日韩两国在较短的时间里实现了产业结构升级,呈现出"三二一"型结构。虽然不同时期两国产业政策也存在许多问题,但合理化、高级化的总体发展趋向使其成为产业结构升级的典范。中国目前仍属于"二三一"型产业结构,产业结构滞后于日韩两国。为促进我国产业结构调整和升级,应借鉴日韩经验,制定正确合理的产业政策,有效利用关税政策,重视人力资本对产业结构升级的作用,推动科技进步,重视环境保护,实现经济的可持续发展。     

日本粮食生产补贴政策演进对我国的借鉴

日本是亚洲人地关系十分紧张的典型国家,保障粮食安全一直是日本政府中心工作之一,在粮食生产的弱质性、低效性与高风险羁绊下,日本政府在解决粮食安全问题工作上举步为艰,因此,给予粮农高额补贴一直是日本政府突破藩篱的长期做法,据此生成了比较完善的粮食生产补贴政策体系,形成较科学的政策演进机理,为我国目前运行的粮食生产补贴政策提供了有益的经验借鉴.     

闵伟：黑陶上的梦

在济南齐鲁国际大厦的6楼A区,有这样一间工作室--不足20平米的室内,陈列着诸多造型的黑陶.格子架上、橱窗里,有敦实厚重的编钟,有小巧玲珑的乐器,每-件都是精雕细琢的佳品,置身其中,恍惚间,仿佛回到了遥远的黑陶年代.     

西部大开发：政策失缺与长效政策的确立

目前的西部大开发政策面临政策安排的阶段性、政策优惠效应不强、特有的制度性倾斜力度不够等诸多失缺。持续推进西部开发,必须实现政策支持重点向促进西部地区区域经济发展内生增长机制建立,带动西部地区的自主发展能力方面转变。长效政策的跟进从促进区域自主发展能力、制度性倾斜、完善金融体系、创新人才政策四方面提出实现西部开发政策向长效支持转变的对策建议     

The myth of the double-advantage: Black female managers

This article reports on interviews conducted with 25 middle- and senior-level black female managers in private-sector employment. Three hypotheses were examined: (1) the processes that sociologists and psychologists assume influence the nontraditional career choices of white women are not the same as those that influence black women; (2) contrary to popular belief, black women are not being promoted more rapidly than other, better qualified workers as a result of affirmative action; and (3) black female managers are likely to encounter the same limits to their mobility that anyone, regardless of race or gender, might encounter,and they are likely to encounter limits to their mobility on account of their race and sex. Each of these hypotheses received some support from this admittedly narrow database.     

Fiscal Policies and Poverty Incidence: The Case of Thailand

The evidence presented in this paper suggests that moderate, once-only pro-poor fiscal reallocations may have significant effects on both poverty incidence and inequality. The paper simulates the effects of hypothetical reallocations of the total tax burden away from taxes falling heavily on the poor (indirect taxes in general) and towards those falling predominantly on the rich (direct taxes, especially the personal income tax). It performs a similar exercise for hypothetical reallocations of expenditures and for changes in the overall size of taxes and expenditures, deriving the effects that these reallocations have on both poverty incidence (headcount measure) and inequality (Gini coefficient).     

Tax Policies and Informal Employment: The Asian Experience

This paper develops and estimates a model linking tax policies to the size of the informal sector. Our results suggest that informal employment responds to the strength of enforcement and, to a lesser extent, to tax rates. Looking across sectors, we find service sector informal employment responds to both changes in tax rates and enforcement, while manufacturing sector informal employment responds only to enforcement. Quantitatively, changes in enforcement affect the manufacturing informal sector more than the service sector. These results are robust to various measures of informal employment and hold for other countries outside of Asia as well. Since informal employment (and hence output) is related to a country's GDP, these results suggest that policy makers should consider the effect of their policies on the size of the informal sector.
JEL classification : O 17; O 53; H 26     

黄河边的黑陶传人

当几位外教慕名来到山东省章丘市龙山镇"中国济南龙山文化研究院"展览大厅,用木锤轻轻地敲击着黑陶编钟时,编钟发出的美妙的声响令"老外"感到特别惊讶;而厅内摆放的千余件精雕细刻的黑陶作品,更让"老外"看入了神。看到这一切,这些黑陶的主人闵伟心中不由地生出一种莫大的欣慰与自豪感。     

美国少数民族地区就业促进政策及其启示

为了推动欠发达的印第安地区经济社会的发展,美国联邦政府1993年出台了旨在促进就业的《印第安雇用补贴政策》,但是,政策效应却出现了理论与现实的不一致。为此,我们应该正视这个案例所隐含的意义。     

The Black Economic Summit: A call for action

The Review of Black Political Economy -