Gender Discrimination in Chinese Recruitment Advertisements: A Content Analysis

Sex-role stereotypes exist as a primary source of gender inequality in employment. This issue becomes even more salient in the social context of China, where the traditional view of female inferiority persists and the legal system provides inadequate protection of equal employment rights. Reporting a content analysis of Chinese recruitment advertisements, this article concludes that gender discrimination is practiced by Chinese employers in recruiting for white-collar positions. It also finds that female applicants are more likely to encounter other forms of discrimination such as age and physical appearance requirements as well.     

利率管制、租值与民营企业融资

运用新制度经济学关于价格管制以及租金分配的理论,对民营企业融资中遭遇的规模歧视与所有权歧视问题所作的分析表明：利率管制的租金创造与银行产权国有的制度安排,使代理人的外部与内部监督机制失效,是规模歧视与所有权歧视生发的内生经济逻辑。只有建立利率的市场形成机制、坚持国有银行的股份制改革、完善内部与外部监督机制,才能减少代理人机会主义行为动机,消除民营企业融资中的规模歧视与所有权歧视,才能一定程度上缓解我国民营企业融资难问题。     

A few good women at the top: The China case

In the face of global economic downturns, an increasing number of women are rising to top management positions. What happened in China seems to resonate with the trend in the West. In China, only one in four have made it to the top management level, with a majority taking the position of chief operating officer, chief financial officer, and human resources director. In China, 53% of women are caught in sticky-floor situations and never advance beyond lower-level positions in the workplace. What holds women back from climbing up the corporate ladder? This research explores the stories of women executives in China's corporate world based on an exploratory study. We investigated the following questions: What are these women's beliefs about and responses to the glass ceiling? What personal, social, and organizational constraints undermine their capacity to play a part in a traditionally male-dominant world? How did these women make their way to the top? And, what factors are unique to Chinese women managers’ career advancement?     

A Study of the Ethical Performance of Foreign-Investment Enterprises in the China Labor Market

This paper analyses the ethical performance of foreign-investment enterprises operating in China in comparison to that of the indigenous state-owned enterprises, collectives and private enterprises. It uses both the deontological approach and the utilitarian approach in conceptualization, and applies quantitative and econometric techniques to ethical evaluations of empirical evidences. It shows that according to various ethical performance indicators, foreign-investment enterprises have fared well in comparison with local firms. This paper also tries to unravel the effect of a difference in business culture and competitive market forces on ethical performance by comparing the behavior of foreign-investment enterprises with that of the indigenous state-owned enterprises and collectives on the one hand, and with that of the indigenous private enterprises on the other.     

Will You Help Me Please? The Effects of Race,Gender and Manner of Dress on Retail Service

This research attempts to determine if a customers visible physical characteristics influence retail service delivery. The results of this study suggest that black and male customers wait significantly longer than white and female customers at retail customer service counters. In addition, females are more likely to experience a positive transaction outcome than males.     

2009年度信贷资金流向分析

通过对我国上市公司2009年3季度末数据与2008年3季度末数据进行比较分析,研究了2009年调整信贷政策促进经济增长的宏观调控中,信贷资金的投入是否存在"金融歧视"和"行业取向"的问题,发现新增贷款中并不存在企业所有权性质的"金融歧视",但银行偏好将信贷资金投向房地产等行业。     

近十年来我国学校体罚研究文献综述

我国各级教育主管部门高度重视学校体罚现象，明令禁止教师体罚学生，但教师体罚学生的事件仍屡见报端，教师、学校蒙受不必要的损失，社会影响极坏。通过对近十年来我国学校体罚的内涵、根源、后果、对策的文献综述，分析其现状、特点、局限性，以期为我国中长期教育改革提供参考。     

养老护理人员胜任素质指标体系构建与应用——基于396名养老护理人员的调查

随着我国人口老龄化步伐的加快,如何完善养老服务体系,提供社会化、多层次养老服务成为我国当前亟待解决的社会热点问题。提高养老护理人员素质和保障服务水平,是推进我国养老服务体系发展的关键。构建养老护理人员胜任素质指标体系,能够为政府部门制定养老护理人员培育政策及其职业生涯发展提供指导、为加强养老服务人力资源开发与管理提供科学的依据。以胜任素质模型为理论依据,运用文献回顾、行为事件访谈法编制养老护理人员调查量表,针对济南、青岛6家养老机构396名养老护理人员的问卷调查数据,采用探索性因子分析和结构方程模型,构建并检验了养老护理人员的胜任素质指标体系。研究结果表明:养老护理人员胜任素质指标体系主要由护理基本知识、照护技能、个人特质、职业道德与认同感4个维度的26项胜任素质特征构成。从每个维度的影响效应分析,影响最大的是照护技能,其后依次为护理基本知识、个人特质、职业道德与认同感。基于该指标体系,分别从完善养老护理人员的招聘选拔机制、培训机制、考核激励机制三方面提出了拓宽招聘渠道扩大招聘群体、设置合理选拨标准、加强培训内容开发、增设培训可选择方案及实景模拟评价方式等养老护理人员胜任素质提升路径。     

The geography of e-shopping in China: On the role of physical and virtual accessibility

Although e-shopping is increasingly adopted, it remains unclear (1) how e-shopping varies geographically, and (2) how this relates to physical and virtual accessibility. This paper presents a combined study of both issues focusing on the case of China, arguably one of the emerging e-shopping hotspots. Drawing on Alibaba's Online Shopping Index, we use a general spatial model (SAC) to explore the role of virtual and physical accessibility in the spatial distribution of e-shopping across 276 prefecture-level cities in China. The results suggest that both physical accessibility (proxy-ed by the relative number of shopping malls and the relative number of buses) and virtual accessibility (proxy-ed by the percentage of broadband subscribers and the relative number of delivery points) increase e-shopping, with both effects complementing each other. We discuss how findings contribute to our understanding of the geography of e-shopping, and outline implications for policymakers and e-retailers alike.     

中国性别工资不平等的国外研究综述

通过回顾改革开放后性别工资不平等的研究文献,发现由于人力资本的回报特征,市场化使得性别工资差别加大,而且城市性别工资差别要比农村性别工资差别小,由性别工资歧视引起的工资不平等也小于工资差异,市场竞争力度的加大并没有减小性别工资不平等。目前,现有的文献只是对少数地区、少数人的性别工资不平等进行了研究,迫切需要大范围的实证研究以探寻经济改革对性别工资不平等的影响。     

Store of the future: Towards a (re)invention and (re)imagination of physical store space in an omnichannel context

This paper explores the future of the physical store within omnichannel retail and specifically, the prerequisites of the designed retail environment in optimizing customer experience. Adopting an exploratory qualitative approach, primary data was obtained using semi-structured interviews with 20 industry experts.The research makes a valuable contribution to the dearth of extent literature on experiential store spaces of the future, specifically within the fashion field. By connecting three topics of academic research - Omnichannel retail, the role of the physical store and in-store customer experience - it serves to suggest the prerequisites for designed retail environments in optimizing customer experience.     

物流企业人才培养模式探析

随着中国加入WTO,国内物流企业既有前所未有的机遇,也面临残酷的市场竞争。中国物流人才整体不足,从业人员专业素质普遍偏低,尤其是高级物流人才紧缺匮乏,这些情况严重制约我国物流业的发展。关于物流人才的瓶颈如何跨越?物流人才战略如何与物流产业的发展相适应?这是本文试从探讨的问题。     

农民工就业歧视的经济学分析

劳动力市场就业歧视是一个世界性的问题,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都不同程度地存在着这一问题。而农民工就业歧视是我国劳动力市场上特有的现象。本文结合国情,描述农民工就业歧视的种种表现,揭示农民工就业歧视的根源,分析农民工就业歧视对城市就业人口的就业影响,进而提出消除歧视的相应对策。     

Pricing of mall services in the presence of sales leakage

For a shopping mall, sales leakage occurs when consumer purchases facilitated by the mall are finalized outside it. These sales include, for example, catalog orders filled at the leased premises in a physical mall; For an Internet mall, they include the ones consumers make on an on-line store’s website after learning about the store from an Internet mall website. While these sales are difficult to track in the physical mall, Internet malls like Yahoo can track them by placing cookies on consumers when they visit the mall. The challenge for a mall owner then is to design an appropriate pricing model which takes sales leakage into account. In fact, Yahoo currently uses an All-Revenue-Share Fee with Yahoo collecting from on-line stores a share of all sales revenue, regardless of whether the purchase was made through the mall or directly from the store’s own URL. We explore this new All-Revenue-Share Fee model, compare it with the commonly used Fixed Fee model and the two-part tariff model, and identify the model with the highest profits for the mall under different conditions. We suggest that although an All-Revenue-Share Fee is appealing for Internet malls due to its ability to capture sales leakage directly, it may cause the stores to refrain from joining the mall in certain circumstances. Thus, in certain situations charging a fixed monthly fee can actually be more profitable for the mall versus the All-Revenue-Share Fee model. We also examine how mall and product category characteristics as well as market expansion affect the optimal pricing strategy. We show that a mall should price discriminate across product categories, not just by charging different amounts of fees, but by using different pricing models. Our research provides many managerial implications on how to price over time.     

印度服务外包发展现状及我国的比较与借鉴

服务外包产业的快速发展反映了服务业的全球转移趋势.印度的服务外包产业已发展成为支柱产业,在世界服务外包市场中占有重要地位.中印两国同为发展中国家.印度的成功经验,值得我国借鉴.文章从产值结构、就业结构、离岸外包市场、离岸外包行业分布四个方面综述印度服务外包发展的状况,比较中印两国服务外包发展的差异,并为我国服务外包产业的发展提出建议.     

Region effects in the internationalization-performance relationship in Chinese firms

This paper examines the relationship between internationalization and performance in Chinese MNEs using panel data on 887 publicly listed Chinese firms over the nine-year period. A second aim of this paper was to test for the effects of the geographic regions where Chinese firms internationalize on their performance. The results show that the internationalization-performance relationship varies significantly depending on whether internationalization takes place within the Greater China region, within Asia or outside Asia. Internationalization within the Greater China region had the greatest benefit, the effect remaining positive and significant even after taking into account reverse causality effects.     

贸易自由化提升了我国制造业资源配置效率吗——基于贸易政策不确定性的视角

文章以中国加入WTO为背景,基于贸易政策不确定性视角,采用双重差分法考察了贸易自由化对我国制造业资源配置效率的影响。研究结果表明:贸易政策不确定性的下降显著地提升了我国制造业资源配置效率。这一结论在一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立。进一步的机制研究发现,贸易政策不确定性下降对行业内不同生产率水平企业存在非对称性影响,主要通过提升较低生产率企业的生产率水平、促进最低生产率企业退出市场的渠道缩小了行业内生产率离散度,从而提升了行业资源配置效率。此外,上述资源配置效应在行业内国有企业、沿海地区企业以及出口企业样本中更加显著。文章为探究贸易自由化进程如何促进我国制造业转型升级提供了一种新的思路。     

浅析当前我国女性隐性就业歧视的现状与对策

女性就业中面临的性别歧视问题已经不再是一个简单的道德观念问题,而是一个关乎社会和谐的社会问题,是女性的社会价值问题。倡导中国社会的健康和谐发展,要着力把消除女性就业中的性别歧视当做女性解放事业中的一项大事来抓。     

Determinants of the Physical Demand for Gold: Evidence from Panel Data

Although the role of gold in the world economy has declined since the gold standard was abandoned, it remains important as a central bank reserve, a hedge against risks, a barometer of geopolitical uncertainty, and an input for jewellery. While portfolio demand for gold has been well studied, determinants of physical demand are less understood. Certain emerging‐market countries such as China and India import substantial amounts of gold, with several factors that may contribute: low financial development, need for precautionary savings and/or strong cultural valuation of gold itself. This article uses panel data on gold imports of 21 countries to examine determinants of physical demand. We find that determinants of physical demand differ from those of portfolio demand, and that they differ between the developed and developing worlds.     

农村劳动力迁移与中国工资收入不平等的地区差异:来自2005年全国人口抽样调查的证据

利用2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据研究中国各地区农村劳动力流动和地区(县/区)内部工资性收入不平等的关系。中国地区间的差异是个人工资收入不平等最突出的决定因素,而地区内不平等程度也存在着很大的差别。农村劳动力人口的迁入有助于降低区内的收入不平等,而迁出则起相反的作用,而且这两种作用在县、县级市和市辖区间存在着显著差别。在研究中国劳动力流动与地区内和地区间的不平等关系时,应该从迁入、迁出两个角度分析其影响,并将城乡分割的二元劳动力市场状况考虑进来。