生态工业园竞争力研究综述

从本质上讲生态工业园是一个基于循环经济范式下建立的特殊的共生产业集群网络。生态工业园竞争力就是指其在实现环境影响最小化的前提下拥有比其他竞争对手更高的综合素质,进而在市场上获得竞争优势。研究生态工业园竞争力的目的就是要在循环经济范式这一约束条件下寻求生态工业园持久竞争优势的实现途径和方法。     

生态工业园建设与政府对策

本文探讨了生态工业园建设对国民经济的作用,认为生态工业园能促进我国集约型经济的发展,是经济、社会实现可持续发展的可行之路,建议政府积极建设生态工业园.通过分析地方政府在生态工业园建设中应发挥的推动力、作用力,提出了一系列有效的生态工业园建设方法与措施.     

生态文明建设中的利益悖论及其破解:基于政治经济学的视角

利益关系是生态文明建设的核心问题,对生态文明建设的利益进行分析,是把握生态文明建设本质的内在要求。本文借鉴西方马克思主义者塞缪尔·鲍尔斯三维经济学的分析框架,分析了生态文明建设中的利益悖论。企业、家庭和政府作为生态文明建设的三大主体,在"竞争"维度中,企业和家庭存在追求经济利益与生态利益的对立,必须实现生态的"经济价值"与"生态价值"相统一;在"统制"维度中,政府部门存在追求局部利益与整体利益的冲突,政府应明确其生态职能,形成正确的行为导向;在"变革"维度中,各参与主体存在追求当前利益与长远利益的矛盾,必须树立科学的生态文明理念。通过"竞争"、"统制"与"变革"维度破解生态文明建设中的利益悖论,才能处理好生态文明建设中"利益"这一核心问题,从而更好地进行生态文明建设。     

生态工业园:工业系统与生态系统的有效耦合

实施区域可持续发展战略是我国经济、社会发展模式的必然选择,本文针对如何将区域可持续发展的理论投入到实践应用这一问题,提出生态工业园是区域可持续发展的有效实践模式.并结合国内外生态工业园建设经验,认为生态工业园建设可以通过物质循环与能量层递使用机制来实现区域可持续发展     

以生物制药和制酒为主导产业的生态工业园建设模式——以吉林省通化市张家生态工业园为例

以吉林省通化张家生态工业园为例,探讨了在依托自然资源优势和自然环境优势的基础上,规划建设以医药和制酒为主导产业的生态工业园的关键技术,应该包括景观设计与工业组织形态设计两方面,才能使其成为生态环境优美和谐、经济模式循环高效的现代生态工业园。景观设计应充分尊重当地自然环境特点,建立景观安全格局,通过合理的功能分区及交通模式设计,使规划后的生态工业园能将工作和生活场所交融于自然之中,并能实现高效协调运作;工业组织形态设计主要是仿照自然界无废或少废的循环模式,根据制药业和制酒业的物质循环特点,引进养殖业和食品加工业,各产业间通过废物及副产品的交换,以及能量、水资源、信息的集成,组成高效的工业生态系统。     

生态工业园建设中的政府角色

世界各国建设生态工业园的实践表明,不仅政府宏观战略选择、政策法规的制定实施是生态工业园建立的契机,而且政府为发展经济所进行的规划引导、基础设施建设、政策环境完善、优质服务提供是实现产业生态化发展、企业生态化转型的必要条件。政府的制度安排及职能设定也就是政府与企业、社区各成员的关系确定及处理问题,其最终取决于政府对自身在社会、经济活动中的角色定位。因此,在生态工业园建设过程中,对政府角色的正确定位是至关重要的。本文引入信息经济学中“委托—代理”理论,以分析生态工业园建设中对政府与企业关系,对政府角色进行…     

生态工业园构建模式及其推进机制研究

生态工业园是循环经济的重要载体和实践手段。根据园区内企业之间产业共生关系的不同,生态工业园可以分为两类:在不同企业契约式共生基础上构建的生态工业园和同一企业集团内生式共生基础上构建的生态工业园。根据矫正市场外部性主体的不同,该文针对这两类生态工业园提出了不同的推进机制。     

浅析我国生态工业园发展现状

生态工业园被认为是新型第三代工业园区,是未来我国工业园区建设的重点。现有经济技术开发区、高新技术产业开发区向生态工业园演进是未来发展的趋势,厘清生态工业园的发展现状对于更好地规划我国工业园区具有重要意义。截至2012年4月,我国已拥有通过验收命名的国家级生态工业园15家,另有43家正在建设过程中。文章从建设时间、组成类别、地域分布、建设来源等四个方面对我国生态工业园的发展现状进行了划分,并与经济技术开发区和高新技术产业开发区在时间分布、地域分布以及监管主体等方面进行了对比,提出了我国生态工业园未来发展建议。     

日本发展生态工业园的实践及启示

生态工业是一种根据工业生态学基本原理建立的、符合生态系统环境承载能力、物质和能量高效组合利用以及工业生态功能稳定协调的新型工业组合和发展形态。作为生态工业实践的生态工业园区,是最具环境保护意义和生态绿色概念的工业园区,国外皆有较成功的实践经验。本文在介绍了日本发展生态工业园区建立背景的基础上,分析了日本生态工业园的管理模式、推进工业园建设的做法及特点,以及今后的发展趋势,并从我国发展生态工业园的现状出发,指出尽管中日两国处于不同经济社会发展阶段,在生态工业概念理解、兴起背景、推进模式等方面存在一定差异,但日本在发展生态工业园方面的许多经验,值得我们学习和借鉴。     

农业生态工业园规划研究——以河南舞阳为例

促进农村生产发展和改善农村人居环境是新农村建设的重要任务,建设农业生态工业园是实现这一任务的重要途径,农业生态工业园建设必须规划先行,产业链和生态链设计是农业生态工业园规划的重点。本文以河南省舞阳县农业生态工业园为例,论述了建设农业生态工业园的优势与前景,提出了农业生态工业园产业链和生态链设计的主要思路。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.