关系网络与雇主机会主义行为的实证研究

在相同的司法体系下,为什么不同地区和不同类型企业的劳动争议数量和频率仍会有很大的差异？本文从关系网络的角度,分析作为第三方实施的社会实施机制--关系网络对经济主体行为的约束.员工拥有越多当地的社会关系网络,关系网络对雇主机会主义行为的约束力就越大.因而,一个地区外来劳动力越多,雇主的机会主义行为就越猖獗.一个地区外来雇主越多,雇主的机会主义行为也越多.本文用中国2000年31个省区的横截面数据验证了以上命题.     

The Kigyo Keiretsu Organization and Opportunism in the Japanese Automobile Manufacturing Industry

This paper contends that the distinguishing feature of the subcontracting system for the manufacture and distribution of auto-parts in the Japanese automobile manufacturing industry can be explained by the opportunism hypothesis of transaction cost theory. Opportunism may arise when the parts-supplier uses its information advantage to obtain more favorable contract terms with the manufacturer. It is argued that in response to this kind of informational opportunism, the automobile manufacturer institutes a special form of vertical arrangement, called the kigyo keiretsu group. The kigyo keiretsu group consist of an association of vertically related parts-makers held together by a high degree of sales and technological interdependence, by partial stock ownership, by interlocking boards of directors and by long-term contract. This study raises the possibility of mitigating opportunism among the kigyo keiretsu group firms throughout the core automaker's shareholdings of its parts-supplier.     

Opportunism,knowledge, and the performance of franchise chains

An important feature of most franchise chains is that they simultaneously use franchised and company‐owned outlets. In this study, I show that the relationship between the resources provided to outlet managers and the financial performance of franchise chains is contingent on their governance structure. Specifically, opportunism and knowledge considerations seem to prevent chains with a large proportion of franchised outlets from fully leveraging resources such as a valuable brand name and tacit business practices. On the other hand, brand name value and business practices tacitness are not directly related to the proportion of franchised outlets in chains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工程总承包模式下施工分包商选择方法研究

近年来总承包模式在我国建设工程领域得到迅速推广和广泛应用.总承包企业建立施工分包商库,有助于快速选取适合的施工分包商、提高项目的运作效率和降低项目风险,最终顺利实现项目目标.文章结合施工企业特点,选取企业层面指标,基于熵权方法确定各指标权重,运用灰色关联分析方法构建选择模型.通过实证分析,说明该选择方法简易可行、客观公正,可以作为总承包企业选择施工分包商建立分包商库的方法.     

Cooperative Contracting on Major Engineering and Construction Projects

The development and implementation of major engineering and construction projects in the oil, gas and petrochemical industry takes a long time and is in many cases contracted out to a main contractor in the form of a (single) lump sum contract for engineering, procurement and construction. This often leads to an inefficient solution and a confrontation between owner and main contractor. We discuss the implications of early contractor involvement and describe an alternative form of contracting that provides an efficient solution and facilitates a cooperative owner–contractor relationship. The considerations are illustrated through a comparative analysis of three case study projects.     

Delegation of Contracting in the Private Provision of Public Services

We use an incomplete-contract approach to compare contracting out by a public sector agency with the delegation of contracting out to a public-private partnership (PPP) that is a joint venture between private and public sector agents. The PPP maximizes a linear combination of profit and social benefit. Such delegation may be desirable to curb innovations that reduce the cost of provision but also reduce social benefit. Delegation may be undesirable for innovations that increase social benefit but also raise costs. Our results are explained in terms of the shadow cost of public funds and the negotiating stance of the PPP.     

注意合同缔约过程中的损害责任

我国1999年10月1日起施行的新合同法,新增加规定了合同成立之前的缔约即谈判或协商过程中的损害责任。这是过去几个合同法所没有规定的。由此过去人们也就没有在意这方面的问题而追究这方面的责任。现在新合同法有这方面的规定,我们就不能不注意这方面的问题。因此,对这一新规定有个基本了解,是完全必要的。     

互联网时代下我国互联网医疗保险的发展建议

随着我国目前传统医疗保险在发展中存在的问题的不断显现以及互联网经济新模式的出现,发展互联网医疗保险已是大势所趋,本文通过对我国发展互联网医疗保险的必要性及可行性、我国互联网医疗保险的发展现状以及存在的问题,进而提出了我国发展互联网医疗保险的一点建议。     

Naked Exclusion in the Lab: The Case of Sequential Contracting

In the context of the naked exclusion model of Rasmusen, Ramseyer and Wiley [1991] and Segal and Whinston [2009b], we examine whether sequential contracting is more conducive to exclusion in the lab, and whether it is cheaper for the incumbent than simultaneous contracting. We find that an incumbent who proposes contracts to buyers sequentially, excludes significantly more often than an incumbent who proposes contracts simultaneously. In contrast to theory, this comes at a substantial cost for the incumbent. Accounting for the observation that buyers are more likely to accept an exclusive contract the higher the payment, substantially improves the fit between theoretical predictions and observed behavior.     

基于重构主义的中国国际工程承包战略研究

为使中国国际工程承包商克服战略方面存在的劣势和问题,适应国际工程承包市场的发展需求,实现价值主张、利润主张和人员主张的合理匹配,将重构主义的战略观点引入中国国际工程承包的战略制定过程,并提出了相应的战略重构模型。战略重构模型表明中国承包商承接海外项目时可以同时追求差异化与低成本,开创新的市场空间,摆脱现有竞争,有助于中国国际工程承包业务实现高效益和持续性的发展。     

国际总包工程风险分析及应对措施

以中国石油工程设计公司北京分公司承担苏丹国家石油公司sudapet总部大楼总包工程为例,指出国际总包工程在投标阶段应重点关注7种风险并加以防范:工作范围的鉴别、业主推荐专业分包商的选择、业主推荐供货商的确定、税务风险、当地市政管网连接费用的不确定性、业主及咨询商的背景、施工设备的选择及施工方法的规定.在识别和规避投标阶段风险的基础上,在项目运作过程中还应重视对变更的识别以及对工期补偿的有效记录和索赔.     

国际工程承包市场竞争环境分析方法

后金融危机下国际工程承包市场开始复苏,国际承包商之间的竞争正越演越烈。为了深入分析国际工程承包市场竞争环境,构建了基于市场结构的指标体系,结合蒙特卡洛模拟分析市场竞争态势。比较传统分析结果与模拟分析结果发现,模拟分析结果为判断国际工程承包市场竞争态势提供了更多的信息。趋势图分析指出了市场稳定与否及其外部影响因素,敏感性分析识别出对市场竞争环境影响较大的承包商,获得了承包商基于市场占有率的相关系数矩阵,并据此提出了国际承包商之间的竞合关系模型。应用实例验证了提出方法的有效性,具有较好的实用价值。     

Roaming in the Mobile Internet

With the acquisition of UMTS licenses Mobile Operators (MOs), have often been obliged to deploy 3G network infrastructures covering at least a given percentage of users by a given date. This paper discusses the rationale for imposing these minimum coverage requirements by regulatory bodies. To that end, a model is built, which studies the incentives for MOs to compete for market share and over coverage within an unregulated environment where MOs are assumed to be free to enter sharing agreements and to negotiate a reciprocal roaming charge. Within this framework, it is first shown that MOs would deploy their infrastructure to guarantee the coverage of the entire territory (population), but they would avoid any network duplication in order to maximize rents from roaming revenues. It is then discussed whether a minimum coverage requirement is the best policy to reduce these excess rents, or whether alternative measures could be adopted which could serve other goals as well, such as the avoidance of network duplication.     

Connectivity in the Commercial Internet

We study the 'backbone market' in the Internet. After discussing the structure of the Internet, we use an extension of the Katz-Shapiro network model to analyze the strategies that would be used by dominant backbone. We show that a larger backbone prefers a lower quality interconnection than the smaller one. We then analyze a 'targeted degradation' strategy where the larger backbone lowers the quality of interconnection to its smaller rivals in turn. Finally, we show that the qualitative results are robust to the possibility of 'multihoming' by clients.     

Upstream Capacity Constraint and the Preservation of Monopoly Power in Private Bilateral Contracting

This article presents a model of private vertical contracting with a capacity constrained monopolistic supplier. I consider ‘full capacity beliefs’ that are consistent with an upstream capacity constraint and are ‘wary’ when the constraint is tight or production is costless. I show that, facing a capacity constraint, the supplier may preserve its monopoly power in equilibrium. This result stands in sharp contrast to the standard result that the supplier cannot preserve its monopoly power, which holds under the usual implicit assumption of an infinite production capacity.     

浅谈网络营销的优势

网络强大的通信能力和电子商务系统便利的商品交易环境,改变了原有市场营销理论的根基。信息的传播由单向的传播模式逐步演变成一种双向的交互式的信息需求和传播模式,这使生产厂商和消费者可以通过网络直接进行商品交易,从而避开了某些传统的商业流通环节,并实现彻底的市场细分化。因而笔者试从其优势这一层面来体现网络营销对我们现实生活的影响。     

工程建设实行总承包是建设工程发展的方向

当前随着商品经济的改革相应发生了根本变化，工程建设需要一种新的管理体制来适应建设工程的发展方向。工程建设实行总承包是现实需要。全面实行建设工程总承包必然产生巨大效益，需要各级政府创造良好的环境和扶持。