Bereichernd oder belanglos?

Although participatory press photography has existed for decades, its institutionalization by tabloid journalism is a relatively new phenomenon. The most popular example in Germany is constituted by the “reader reporters” of the tabloid newspaper Bild. Supporters of participatory press photography hope for an enrichment of news coverage while its critics consider the photos as insignificant. This paper tries to clarify this controversy on the basis of news value theory. It presents the results of a census of reader reporter photographs and their adjacent articles. This paper tries to answer the question of whether selection and prominence of the photographs is oriented toward societal or individual relevance. It can be shown that selection is dominated by “soft” news factors while prominence is mainly influenced by “hard” news factors. The latter are also attributed to the photographs via the adjacent text. The results can be transferred to other forms of participatory journalism. They support the hypothesis of a complementary rather than competitive relation between participatory and professional journalism.     

Mega-Müll oder Mega-Chance?

Ohne Zusammenfassung Marlis Prinzing lebt in Sü?en und Bern. Sie ist Journalistin, Journalismusforscherin und Dozentin im Auftrag der Universit?ten Fribourg, Lugano, Bern und Tübingen.     

Rundfunkgebühr, Haushaltsabgabe oder Rundfunksteuer?

The services of German public broadcasting are currently mainly financed through license fees paid by everybody who keeps a radio, TV set, PC or mobile phone with internet access. For 2013, this system is bound to be replaced by a poll tax each household has to pay. This paper asks for other options—how can we provide a stable flow of funds for public broadcasters accounting for proper incentives, sufficient absence of governmental influence, efficiency and quality? As this paper shows, taxes bring more efficiency and fairness while establishing a sound basis for public broadcasters finances; combined with an incentive-based remuneration-scheme this may be a sound alternative to the forthcoming poll tax.     

奥运通信:暖手?烫手?

众多奥运冠军又开始紧锣密鼓地训练了,这说明2004年雅典奥运会已经不可避免地淡出了我们的视线,然而雅典奥运会留给我们的记忆却没有淡去。尤其对于信息通信行业而言,在奥运通信服务上无疑又增加了一个可以借鉴的例子,其中既包括成果的经验,也包括失败的教训。在2008年北京奥运会逐渐进入我们视线之际,对于众多通信企业而言,面对奥运通信这个他们一直热衷的大火炉,如何做到暖手而不烫手成为摆在他们眼前的一大课题。     

电信业:如何做好法制教育?

市场经济就是法治经济，企业的各项活动都要受法律的约束。同时其合法权益也受法律保护，电信运营企业也不例外，在经营活动中必须遵守法律，维护自己的权益也离不开法律，几乎每位电信从业人员都要接触法律法规．只是因所在岗位的不同．涉及法律的侧重面不同，对法律的感知也就不一样罢了。     

Where Does My Money Go? How Online Comments on a Donation Campaign Influence the Perceived Trustworthiness of a Nonprofit Organization

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are increasingly using social media to spread campaigns. Little research has focused on the influence of user comments on trust in NPOs regarding campaigns in social media. Stakeholders’ trust is seen as important for NPOs. Two experimental studies examine the influence of user comments with different connotations concerning campaigns that were published on the social networking site Facebook. The first experiment focused on the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The second experiment applied to a fictitious NPO, to avoid reputational influence. Irrespective of the NPO’s reputation, the results show that user comments in social media influence the perceived trustworthiness of NPOs. Negative comments resulted in a lower level of perceived trustworthiness. Positive comments, a balanced mixture of positive and negative comments, and the absence of any comments at all resulted in a higher level of perceived trustworthiness. In addition, the likelihood of an act of trust in the form of a donation or a recommendation of the campaign to others increased if the NPO was perceived as trustworthy. Finally, we were able to demonstrate the link between reputation and trustworthiness as two distinct constructs. Implications for the management of campaigns via social media are derived.     

号码可携带:如何洋为中用?

随着电信产业改革、发展的深入市场竞争的加剧用户对电信业务种类的需求也越来越多,功能也越来越强迫使运营商们无不施展浑身解数打拼市场。其中号码可携带(Number Portability NP)是近几年来比较热门的话题,主要是指企业、团体、商业机构或个人在迁址、改变运营商或改变服务种类时仍能使用原来的号码,以避免更换电话号码所带来的一系列麻烦。那么电话号码可携带在我国应用的前景到底怎样呢?     

Im Abseits oder aus der Tiefe des Raumes – Wie vielfältig berichtet das Fernsehen über regionales Sportgeschehen?

Sports shows are one of the most popular programs on television. Nevertheless, there are certain voices complaining about a lack of diversity of sports content on television. In this paper, it is argued why diversity of sports programs matters. Sports is not only a highly popular and entertaining media content. More than 23 million people are members of sports clubs and athletic clubs all over Germany. That makes sports an aspect of everyday life on a regional and local level. There it provides a lot of social functions, i.?e., social integration, promoting fairness, furthering health issues, and establishing social capital. These aspects should be considered when analyzing the diversity of sports on television programs.German legal rules for broadcasting services differentiate between commercial broadcasters and public service broadcasters (PSBs). The German Federal Constitutional Court has pointed out that commercial broadcasters cannot fulfill the same tasks as the PSBs in regard to the formation of public opinion. Therefore, the PSBs must provide a wide range of content regarding the diversity of social groups and the plurality of opinions. But there are no explicit regulations on the diversity of sports in television programs of PSBs. That is why this paper proposes a framework for analyzing the diversity of sports on television. This framework is based on the differentiation between sports broadcasting and sports journalism. Whilst monotony of sports broadcasting seems to be proven, little is known about the structures of sports journalism on television. It is argued that PSBs are obligated to public value. Therefore, they are obligated to cover sports and athletics comprehensively and it is up to sports journalism to bring to the fore the diversity of sports on television. There are three dimensions to be considered in analyzing the diversity of television sports journalism: diversification of sports content, social pluralism of sports, and regional diversity of sports news coverage. The aspect of diversification is met if sports journalism covers disciplines that are not regularly broadcasted on television. Social pluralism of sports considers how many people are organized in sports and athletic clubs dedicated to particular disciplines. E.?g., there should be more coverage of volleyball than of judo if there are more members in volleyball clubs than there are in judo clubs. Regional diversity of sports news coverage would be fulfilled by covering stories from a wide range of regions, districts, and cities from all over a designated television market area.These considerations lead to four research questions: (1) What are the subjects of regional sports journalism on television? (2) Do sports newsmagazine shows contribute to diversity and diversification of sports contents? (3) To what extent is sports journalism reflecting the diversity of sports and athletics in society? (4) How diverse is sports journalism content in regional aspects?In order to answer these questions a content analysis of sports newsmagazines from three German regional PBS television programs was conducted (“Sport im Osten”, MDR/“Sportclub”, NDR/“Sport im Westen”, “Sport inside”, WDR/“Sportschau Bundesliga am Sonntag”, all three programs). All issues of these sports newsmagazines aired in 2014 were sampled (sampling units). All news stories within the single issues were analyzed (coding units). The topic of the story was recorded for every coding unit. Additionally, the covered sports discipline, the region of the reported event, and the number of on-screen speaking persons were recorded.The data reveals the structure of sports journalism on German regional television channels. Television sports news shows are offering little diversification of sports content. There is a main focus on soccer on all three programs (nearly 80% of all stories presented on the programs of MDR and NDR). Other disciplines with a notable amount of reports are handball, hockey, and basketball. The sports news shows on the MDR program are covering a broad variety of 76 disciplines. The WDR sports news shows cover 62 different disciplines. The portfolio of the NDR sports news shows consists of 40 disciplines. The degree of diversity of the sports news shows is measured as relative entropy (Shannon’s Η’). Whilst sports newsmagazines of MDR and NDR offer little diversity of content (MDR: Η’?=?0.22, NDR: Η’?=?0.20), WDR’s sports newsmagazines present a much wider range of disciplines (Η’?=?0.43).Social pluralism of sports is not met in any of these programs. This is especially true for the representation of women in sports. Only 4.3% of over 111?h of sports news cover women competing in sports. 40% of sports and athletic club members in Germany are women but sports journalism is not reflecting this at all. Social pluralism is also lacking regarding members of different disciplines organized in sports and athletic clubs. E.?g., when ranking sports and athletic clubs by the number of their members, tennis clubs are ranked 3rd place amongst all sports and athletic clubs in North Rhine-Westphalia and Northern Germany. Yet, tennis is not one of the top 5 covered disciplines in the programs of neither the WDR nor the NDR.However, the programs offer a regional complementary sports news coverage. In all three television channels, the sports newsmagazines are reporting mostly from within their designated television market area.In summary, the current study reveals that sports newsmagazines are covering a relatively broad range of sports disciplines, but their focus is on the top-class sport. The public value of sports and athletics is not emphasized in sports journalism of regional television channels.     

Erstens: ignorieren, zweitens: diffamieren, drittens: umarmen?

Mass media are an essential factor for the success of small parties, for the media can act in a supporting or an inhibiting way towards these parties. This could be observed for the example of the German Green Party: As the Greens were becoming more and more important in the parliaments, the media changed their formerly very critical view of the party to a more factual and positive reporting. Is the party “Die Linke” now experiencing a similar process? The present study analyses the comments of three national German newspapers from 2005 to 2009, using a quantitative content analysis with the aim of bringing to light how the media acted towards “Die Linke”. The results show that commenting has hardly changed since earlier studies were published. Factual issues only play a marginal role, and the party is judged negatively in all newspapers, with the tageszeitung slightly distinct from the other two papers, though.     

手机支付:前路如何走?

目前,我国在手机支付方式选择上有STM卡全卡方案和NFC方案,选择哪种方式也一直成为大家争议的焦点。据悉,SIM全卡方案包括两种:一种基于13.56MHz频率,因其需要外带一个天线,所以俗称辫子卡,即双界面卡;另一种基于2.45GHz,因其底版为黑色,所以俗称黑卡。作为三大电信运营商手机支付的中国电信从用户的角度出发,秉承方便、实用、节省费用等原则最终选择了SIMpass方案,圈定了辫     

小康社会:电信业扮演什么角色?

江泽民同志在十六大报告中深刻指出:"我们要在本世纪头20年,集中力量,全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会……"接着又提出:"信息化是我国加快实现工业化和现代化的必然选择.以信息化带动工业化,以工业化促进信息化,走出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗底、污染环境少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化路子."电信作为信息化的基础设施,在全面建设小康社会中具有特殊的重要地位.     

2006:固网亮点在哪里?

固网转型大势所趋 移动通信，IP电话，电子邮件等新技术的发展，使得固话业务正被日益分流，进而导致了全球固网运营商收入的普遍下滑，在中国，尽管宽带和小灵通取得了令人瞩目的成绩，但这一切仍不能弥补固话业务下滑所带来的亏空，请分析我国固网业务目前面临的形势和固网转型的必要性。     

免费流量:长期趋势还是昙花一现?

移动互联网的激烈竞争和用户争夺战,为电信运营商提供了新的流量经营契初——流量后向付费业务正在成为越来越多的互联网企业吸引用户的新竞争手段。     

3G发展:焦点何在?

日本是目前世界上开展3G业务最旱的国家之一，其在3G业务开展过程中的经历，对于其它国家特别是中国具有重要的参考价值。     

宽带电话:是挑战还是机遇?

今天宽带电话在美国已经成为一种趋势,AT＆T、时代华纳、斯普林特通信、MCI以及不少小贝尔公司纷纷宣布开展此项业务.相关研究机构预测,至2008年,美国全部的宽带网用户中将有10.3%的用户使用宽带电话.     

微利时代:电信企业如何生存?

目前,世界电信业所面临的市场环境发生着重大变化,其中一个重要特征就是正在逐渐由暴利时代走向微利时代。尽管我国近几年来电信业发展很快,但跟随这一趋势也是在所难免。微利将是今后电信业发展的显著特征之一,它将深刻地影响整个电信产业和电信公司的生存方式。电信业进入微利时代的原因