Strategy clusters in japanese markets: Firm performance implications

This study identifies generic Japanese strategy clusters and explores their performance implications. It is based on Japanese executives’ perceptions of the veracity of various PIMS strategy principles in Japan. Three distinct strategy clusters are identified around market position and product strategy dimensions. These Japanese strategy clusters, when moderated by such contingency factors as strategic orientation and product life cycle stage, offer unique performance implications for the Japanese market. His research interests center on global sourcing, competitive strategy, and cross-cultural comparative issues. His recent publications includeGlobal Sourcing Strategy: R&D, Manufacturing, and Marketing Interfaces (Quorum Books, 1992) andThe Japanese Distribution System: Opportunities and Obstacles, Structure and Practices (Probus Publishing, 1993). His research interests include strategy, international marketing, marketing management, and research methodology. His research has appeared in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, andIndustrial Marketing Management, among others.     

Relationships in business markets: Exchange episodes,value creation,and their empirical assessment

Conclusion David Wilson (1995) has provided us with much grist for thought with his integrated framework for customer-supplier relationship development. In focusing on which constructs are “active” and therefore most meaningful at each stage, he has opened a new vista for research in this area. Our models and empirical research ought to reflect this, but to date they largely have not. I have suggested qualitative, longitudinal research as a preferred next step in gaining the knowledge that we will need to make field-survey, longitudinal research worthwhile. Wilson also is to be lauded for drawing greater attention to value creation as a central undertaking in customer-supplier relationships. Understanding and actualizing value creation (and value sharing) are critical aspects of the market-sensing and customer-linking capabilities in market-driven organizations (Day 1994), yet the mechanisms underlying them and the methodologies for accurately assessing them remain largely unknown. Here, particularly for tool development research, it would seem to be an opportune time for business marketing academics and practitioners to form their own collaborative relationships for mutual gain. His research interests are in working relationships between firms in business markets and measurement techniques. His articles have appeared inHarvard Business Review, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Management Science, Psychological Bulletin, andPsychometrika, among others. He has been vice president of the Business Marketing Division of the American Marketing Association and is a fellow of the American Psychological Association.     

On the importance of matching strategic behavior and target market selection to business strategy in high-tech markets

Business strategy is fundamentally concerned with the actions required to create superior customer value in the firm’s target markets with the ultimate goal of achieving superior performance. Marketing theory suggests that two critical marketing activities required to achieve this end are: (1) the adoption of appropriate strategic behaviors (i.e., customer-oriented, competitor-oriented, technology-oriented) and (2) targeting of the appropriate market segments (i.e., innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards). This study builds on prior research which demonstrates that the strategic behavior—firm performance relationship is contingent on the firm’s strategy by examining this relationship in high tech markets and by considering the incremental contribution of appropriate target market selection. Responses from 160 senior marketing managers in high-tech firms reveal strong support for our framework. Thus, this study provides useful guidance to executives and managers in high-tech firms regarding the steps that they should take to increase their probability of success.

危机管理在高校二级学院的应用探讨

我国高校二级学院的危机管理存在意识薄弱;敏感性与主动性缺乏;校园危机的长期性与复合性,导致二级学院危机管理的困难增长;二级学院危机管理的对策还未形成完善的体系等问题。要加强和改进高校二级学院的危机管理,必须强化危机意识,构建科学的危机管理系统,妥善处理各类危机事件。     

短期事件对旅游的影响:以中国SARS危机为例

通过回顾近年来世界各国发生的短期危机对旅游产生的影响，重点分析2003年的SARS疫情给中国经济特别是旅游业造成的重大损失，讨论了不同的短期危机对旅游的不同影响以及旅游在危机后的不同恢复时间。旅游业对短期危机缺乏足够的防御能力，但通常能较为迅速的走上复苏之路。在这个过程中，适当的危机管理措施和有效的恢复策略是十分重要和不可或缺的。     

Bounded goodness: marketing implications of Drucker on corporate responsibility

Drucker’s immense contribution to the thinking and practice of management extends to social responsibility in business. This work goes back over 60 years but remains relevant today—notwithstanding the impacts of globalization and the greater interconnectedness of business and society—and not least to marketing. Given trends in marketing research and practice as well as the importance of paying tribute to Drucker and preserving his legacy, this paper examines the implications of Drucker’s CSR “principles” for marketing practice. As well as revealing their significance, it also considers Drucker’s views on the limits of social responsibility, referred to here as “bounded goodness”. It examines how Drucker’s thinking informs the challenging question of “how much is enough?” in relation to corporate responsibility issues such as food marketing and obesity, availability of AIDS drugs in Africa, and supply chains and labor rights.     

中国艺术品市场热之需求探因

高品质艺术品不同于普通商品，它的定价规则不同于普通商品的价值决定论。由于供给的刚性，高品质艺术品价格在很大程度上是由需求决定的。中国目前艺术品市场热的原因在于国内外资本对中国艺术品的强烈需求，在推动艺术品市场繁荣的同时，也隐藏着深层危机。     

试论后危机时代保险公司治理的政府监管

2008年全球金融危机凸现出的金融保险机构治理失效问题,对重新审视和优化金融保险公司治理的政府监管提出了迫切要求。在后危机时代,只有基于保险公司治理的特征,在更加严格、高效的政府监管的指导下不断优化保险治理结构,增强其治理机制的有效性,才能从源头上防范其治理失效的风险,避免重蹈本次金融危机中大量金融保险机构破产倒闭的覆辙。本文基于利益相关者理论和委托代理理论,通过深入探讨后危机时代政府监管在引导保险公司治理取向、完善信息披露机制、优化治理各方的博弈,以及均衡内、外部治理等方面的职能作用,旨在为构建和优化我国保险公司治理的监管制度提供一定的理论依据。     

“次贷危机”对我国信用评级业的启示

评级机构提供的风险情报对于保护由于信息不足而易蒙受债券倒闭损失的投资者将起到重要作用。由于现代金融体系的全球化,以及参与美国次级债券的投资机构众多,美国次级债危机很快在全球蔓延开来,逐步演变成了一场全球信用危机,而一贯被人们寄予厚望的信用评级机构在这场愈演愈烈的危机中却备受指责。这场全球性的信用危机为我国债券市场信用评级制度的完善提供了有益的启示。     

在供应网络中管理客户-供应商关系:基于买方的视角

文章分析了客户是如何在供应网络中管理它与供应商的关系。对于核心竞争力的关注迫使许多公司与其他的公司建立了长期的关系,以此来获得外部资源。在供应网络中,发展趋势一直都是减少长期直接联系的供应商数量。从战略意义上来说,第一层次的供应商是很重要的,因为他们能提供重要的资源来满足客户的核心竞争力。     

Panic in the plains: agricultural markets and the panic of 1893

Nearly every previous study of the 1893 bank panic acknowledges its regional concentration in the Western states yet few provide any in-depth study of what caused such a distinct regional pattern. Here, I recast the 1893 crisis as having its origins in agricultural markets and then spreading to Western banks that were highly exposed to agricultural shocks. Negative shocks to agricultural yields and the relative importance of the wheat crop for specific states emerge as important explanations for the regional pattern of bank closures and thus for the panic itself.

Consumer behavior in later life: Multidisciplinary contributions and implications for research

The recent focus on the aging population has created increasing interest in studying older consumers. Numerous theories, models, and frameworks available in various disciplines have been or could be used to study the behavior of older adults in the marketplace. This article presents many of these approaches and assesses their current status and relevance to consumer research. Contributions of various approaches to the study of consumer behavior in later life are discussed in the form of propositions and implications for consumer research and marketing practice, methodological issues related to some of these approaches are highlighted, and a research agenda is recommended to help investigators in future research.     

Interactivity in the electronic marketplace: An exposition of the concept and implications for research

It is widely recognized that a better understanding of interactivity and its implications is essential for facilitating research focused on the emerging electronic marketplace. However, deficiencies persist in our understanding of this important concept. Building on research in various fields of study (e.g., information systems, marketing, and computer-mediated communication), this article presents a conceptualization of interactivity from a marketplace perspective that is missing or inadequately articulated in the literature. Specifically, interactivity is conceptualized as a characteristic of computer-mediated communication in the marketplace that increases with the bidirectionality, timeliness, mutual controllability, and responsiveness of communication as perceived by consumers and firms. The article concludes with a research agenda focusing on issues relating to measurement, conceptual refinement, and management of interactivity in the electronic marketplace. Manjit S. Yadav (yadav@tamu.edu) is an associate professor of marketing and Mays Research Fellow, Department of Marketing, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University. He obtained his Ph.D. in marketing from Virginia Tech. His current research focuses primarily on strategic issues related to the Internet and the electronic marketplace. He has published in a number of journals including theJournal of Marketing Research, the Journal of Consumer Research, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, andSloan Management Review. He is a member of the Editorial Review Board of theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science and theJournal of Interactive Marketing. He is a recipient of the Faculty Distinguished Achievement Award in Teaching (Mays Business School, Texas A&M University). He cochaired the American Marketing Association’s Faculty Consortium on Electronic Commerce held at Texas A&M University. Rajan Varadarajan (varadarajan@tamu.edu) is a distinguished professor of marketing and holder of the Ford Chair in Marketing and E-Commerce in the Mays Business School at Texas A&M University. His primary teaching and research interest is in the area of strategy. His research on strategy has been published in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theAcademy of Management Journal, theStrategic Management Journal, and other journals. He served as editor of theJournal of Marketing from 1993 to 1996 and theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science from 2000 to 2003. He currently serves on the Editorial Review Boards of theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of International Marketing, theJournal of Interactive Marketing, and other journals. He is a recipient of a number of honors and awards including the Academy of Marketing Science Distinguished Marketing Educator Award (2003), the American Marketing Association Mahajan Award for Career Contributions to Marketing Strategy (2003), and the Texas A&M University Distinguished Achievement Award in Research (1994).     

西方管理理论与思想百年发展的回顾及思考——从历史中寻找管理的坐标

通过追溯西方管理理论与思想的演变历程,把西方管理理论百年发展的线索梳理为:从理性主义到人本主义、从以量为中心到以质为中心、从经济人到道德人、从西方文化到东方文化、从分工理论到和合工理论以及从学派分化到兼容并包六条主线,并从历史中寻找管理的坐标,在回顾中思考其演变的借鉴价值。     

落脚于城市:商贸移民如何进入自雇创业领域

商贸移民的自雇创业是农业转移人口落脚于城市的有效途径。基于杭州、苏州、宁波和温州四个城市的668份自雇创业者调查问卷,分析了城市商贸移民自雇创业进入方式及其影响因素。将城市商贸移民的自雇创业进入类型区分为自己摸索、社会网络及工作经验转入三种方式,在此基础上探讨个体特征、人力资本、社会网络及企业特征因素对不同创业进入类型的影响。研究结果表明,城市商贸移民的自雇创业进入对社会网络的依赖性较强,个体特征因素、工作经历、网络关系强度、网络异质性及企业特征因素对城市商贸移民自雇创业进入方式具有显著的影响,而受教育程度和社会网络规模的影响并不显著。     

知识管理:提升我国银行业竞争力的着力点

文章从中外银行业绩效和管理能力的比较分析中看出,我国银行业盈利能力差、管理落后,且二者之间存在必然联系,提出推行知识管理是我国银行业管理创新的战略选择。1、建立智能化的知识管理平台;2、进行知识管理运行机制的改革;3、以ISO9000国际惯例为评价标准。     

定量研究:企业人力资源管理科学化的依据

随着科学化管理要求的提高,人力资源管理量化已逐步引起各方重视。本文从对企业员工的数量、素质和构成状况的测度入手,运用定量分析方法把握员工构成的合理程度、管理的水平和管理的力度,进而对员工的工作时间利用状况、劳动生产率和薪酬的管理等方面进行量化研究,意在抛砖引玉,引起人们对人力资源定量管理方法及应用的重视。     

民营企业人力资源管理问题探析

中国民营企业,已成为中国经济舞台上一支举足轻重的力量。但是民企在其快速发展的过程中,也暴露了许多不容忽视的问题,这其中最为突出的是在人力资源管理方面存在种种弊端。试图运用理论联系实际、归纳和演绎相结合的方法,对民企在人力资源管理方面存在的问题进行深刻、全面地剖析和论证,并给出相应对策。     

挟管商之术，为天下理财：王安石经济思想略论

王安石是北宋一位伟大的政治家，他力主变法改革，而其变法核心则是“为天下理财”。分析王安石“理财”的思想，不难发现其有着非常积极的现实意义与历史价值。本文从理财之义、理财之旨、理财之道和理财之要四个方面较为系统地分析了王安石的经济思想，认为有着我们今天应该继承的合理因素。     

论人才创业风险的来源与控制

本文主要介绍创业企业管理区别于一般企业管理。加入W T O后创业企业面临的风险多种多样,形势更加严峻。为了提高创业企业的抗风险能力,增强创业企业的竞争力,就必须构建一套风险防范体系。风险防范体系的构建不能仅仅局限于企业具体的风险细目,而应从企业整体上加以考虑。