Stock Repurchases and Excess Returns: An Empirical Examination

The excess returns associated with repurchase announcements are viewed largely as a reaction to management's statement that the firm's shares are underpriced; management's signal provides new information that enhances the firm's market value. Although earlier studies have found the excess return to be closely related to the premium set by managment, other factors play a part in determining both the market reaction and the premium level set by management. Among these factors ar relative market capitalization, holdings by institutions, immediate alternative uses for cash, level of insider control, recent stock price performance, relative size of the tender offer, and the resultant change in the firm's capital structure.     

交易所国债期限风险溢价的实证研究

本文考察了上海证券交易所国债期限风险溢价的时间变化特征及决定因素。实证结果显示，债券剩余期限越长，平均风险溢价越高；通过对不同期限债券组合的风险溢价序列建立回归模型，发现长短期利差及风险溢价的前期值对中长期债券期限风险溢价的时变性具有明显的解释能力。     

特质风险与市场收益动态关系的实证研究

本文使用流通市值加权的股票平均波动率作为股票市场未分散特质风险的间接衡量指标,对A股市场特质风险与市场预期收益之间的动态关系进行研究。有别于国内已有研究,本文使用流通市值加权股票平均波动率的自回归残差项作为回归模型的解释变量,避免了解释变量高度持续性特征给回归结果造成的不利影响,发现A股市场未分散的特质风险对预期市场超额收益具有预测能力,两者呈正相关关系,这种预测能力在考虑市场分割、流动性、经济周期以及不同特质风险度量方法后依然存在。     

机构持股、特质风险与股票收益的实证研究

机构投资者的投资行为对股票市场的风险与收益产生了极大的影响,机构投资者的大量参与有助于股票市场的稳定、特质风险的分散以及超额收益的减少。文章选取机构投资者持股占股票市值比例这一指标来刻画机构投资者的行为,检验机构持股比例、特质风险和股票收益之间的关系。实证发现,在中国股市,特质风险与股票收益呈显著的正相关关系;机构大量持股有助于降低股票的特质风险;机构投资者持股比例越低的股票,特质风险越大,股票预期收益越高。     

An Empirical Re-Examination of the Cross-Section of Expected Returns: UK Evidence

This paper is a study of the Fama and French (1992) analysis in the UK context. Consistent with their findings, our results do not support a positive relationship between beta and average monthly returns. We find that book-to-market equity and market leverage are consistently significant in explaining UK average returns. Contrary to the Fama-French evidence, size has an insignificant effect on average returns. A puzzling negative beta-returns relationship is found in some monthly regressions,and results based on annual data reveal a reversal of betas for the smallest-size portfolios. Some possible explanations are offered for these findings.     

The Impact of Illegal Business Practice on Shareholder Returns

Data regarding illegal firm behavior were obtained for the period 1980–1990. Using the single index market model, the study finds that public announcements of indictments for major corporate crimes have a significant and long-term negative impact upon shareholder wealth, particularly for firms found guilty of the indictment. The results indicate that indictments of larger firms have a proportionally smaller impact on excess returns. Furthermore, indictments handed down since the Levine/Boesky scandal appear to have had a more adverse impact.     

Large Shareholder Entrenchment and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Canada

Abstract:  Recent empirical evidence indicates that the largest publicly traded companies throughout the world have concentrated ownership. This is the case in Canada where voting rights are often concentrated in the hands of large shareholders, mostly wealthy families. Such concentrated ownership structures can generate specific agency problems, such as large shareholders expropriating wealth from minority shareholders. These costs are aggravated when large shareholders don't bear the full costs of their decisions because of the presence of mechanisms (dual class voting shares, pyramids) which lead to voting rights being greater than the cash flow rights (separation). We assess the impact of separation on various performance metrics while controlling for situations when the large shareholder has (1) the opportunity to expropriate (high free cash flows in the firm) and (2) the incentive to expropriate (low cash flow rights). We also control for when the large shareholder has the power to expropriate (high voting rights, outright control and insider management) and for the presence of family ownership. The results support our hypotheses and indicate that firm performance is lower when large shareholders have both the incentives and the opportunity to expropriate minority shareholders.     

上市公司会计信息与股票超额收益率关系的实证研究

从上市公司年报信息出发,本文首先借助FSCORE方法建立了对上市公司会计信息的综合分析评价方法,随后以上海证券交易所A股上市公司1998年4月至2007年4月的数据进行实证研究,分析上市公司会计信息综合评价所获分数的高低与公司股票前后连续三年的超额收益率的相关关系。研究结果表明：上市公司的T年年报会计信息综合评估得分与T-1年和T＋1年公司股果的超额收益率都没有显著的相关关系,而与当年的公司股票的超额收益率呈现出显著的正相关关系,该结论对大中规模公司仍然显著。     

终极控股股东行为与会计稳健性的实证研究

本文以2003—2009年沪深A股主板上市公司为样本,采用配对检验和多元回归的方法,研究了终极控股股东与会计稳健性有效需求不足假说和利益侵占假说。研究发现:(1)终极控股股东控制权比率越高的组,会计稳健性越小,即或有控股样本公司会计稳健性高于相对控股组样本公司,而相对控股样本组公司又高于绝对控股组样本公司;(2)终极控股股东控制权与所有权分离程度越大,会计稳健性越低;(3)终极控股股东为国有性质的公司会计稳健性高于民营性质的公司。本文的研究深化了我们对新兴市场国家制度环境下会计稳健性理解,同时对进一步规范会计稳健性相关的制度安排和监管具有重要的启示和政策意义。     

双重委托下大股东激励、壁垒效应实证分析

本文通过对中国沪深两市A股上市公司的大样本研究，阐述了由于股权集中所产生的双重委托代理关系对上市公司绩效产生的各种影响。实证分析发现，公司价值的确随着大股东所有权与控制权的差距缩小而上升。在结合上市公司股权结构特征分析后发现，竞争的股权结构也同样能够为公司价值带来积极影响，通过代理权的竞争能够遏制大股东利用控制权进行掠夺，从而为公司价值带来积极影响。     

对外直接投资与出口贸易:实证比较研究

对外直接投资与出口贸易呈现出互补或替代的关系,西方学者的研究也证明了这一点,因而对外直接投资与出口贸易之间的关系是一个实证而非理论问题.本文采用国际比较的方法,实证研究了西方发达国家与中国在此问题上的差异.     

The Effect Of Stock Splits On Liquidity And Excess Returns: Evidence From Shareholder Ownership Composition

We examine the influence of firm ownership composition on both the abnormal returns at the announcement of a stock split and liquidity changes following a stock split. We find three results. First, the largest post‐split increase in institutional ownership occurs for firms that had low institutional ownership before the split. Second, changes in liquidity are negatively related to the level of institutional ownership before the split. Last, the abnormal return following a split is negatively related to the level of institutional ownership before the split. These findings are important as they shed new light on the source of stock split announcement returns.     

The Shareholder Base Hypothesis of Stock Return Volatility: Empirical Evidence

We use Swedish ownership data to explore whether a large and diversified shareholder base leads to lower volatility by improving the information content of stock prices. We find that volatility increases in the number of shareholders with respect to both the number of relatively large shareholders and the fraction of shares held by investors with stakes below 0.1%. Volatility is also positively related to the number of institutional owners but negatively related to the number of large and underdiversified institutional owners. Foreign investors have no impact. Our results suggest that a large shareholder base does not lower volatility.     

Income Risk and Portfolio Choice: An Empirical Study

This paper investigates the relationship between portfolio choice and labor income risk in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort. Permanent income risk (variability of shocks to income that have permanent effect) significantly reduces the share of risky assets in the household's portfolio, while transitory income risk (variability of shocks with no lasting effect) does not. This result provides strong evidence that households' portfolio choices respond to labor income risks in a manner consistent with economic theory.     

Debt/Equity Ratio and Expected Common Stock Returns: Empirical Evidence

The expected common stock returns are positively related to the ratio of debt (noncommon equity liabilities) to equity, controlling for the beta and firm size and including as well as excluding January, though the relation is much larger in January. This relationship is not sensitive to variations in the market proxy, estimation technique, etc. The evidence suggests that the “premium” associated with the debt/equity ratio is not likely to be just some kind of “risk premium”.     

The Empirical Distribution of UK and US Stock Returns

There is now substantial evidence that daily equity returns are not normally distributed but instead display significant leptokurtosis and, in many cases, skewness. Considerable effort has been made in order to capture these empirical characteristics using a range of ad hoc statistical distributions. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of daily, weekly and monthly equity returns in the UK and US using two very flexible families of distributions that have been recently introduced: the exponential generalised beta (EGB) and the skewed generalised- t (SGT). These distributions permit very diverse levels of skewness and kurtosis and, between them, nest many of the distributions previously considered in the literature. Both the EGB and the SGT provide a very substantial improvement over the normal distribution in both markets. Moreover, for daily returns, we strongly reject the restrictions on the EGB and SGT implied by most of the distributions that are commonly used for modelling equity returns, including the student- t , the power exponential and the logistic distributions. Instead, our preferred distributions for daily returns are the generalised- t for the US and the skewed- t for the UK, both of which are members of the SGT family. For weekly returns, our preferred distributions are the student- t for the UK and the skewed- t for the US, while for monthly returns, our preferred distributions are the EBR12 for the UK and the logistic for the US. We consider the implications of our findings for the implementation of value-at-risk, a risk management methodology that rests heavily on the distributional characteristics of returns.     

我国IPO长期市场表现的实证研究——基于超常收益率不同测度方法的比较分析

本文选取1995年1月至2000年12月沪深两市774个A股IPO样本,计算IPO的等权平均、流通市值加权平均和总市值加权平均收益率,并使用不同的市场指数及配比股票组合的收益率加以调整来评价IPO的长期市场表现。经过事件时间和日历时间的实证研究发现:(1)我国IPO在上市后3年内总体上表现出长期强势。(2)IPO长期超常收益率对使用何种参照指标的收益率来调整以及使用何种加权平均方法很敏感。CAR和日历时间研究的结果更明显地表明我国IPO存在长期强势特征,而且使用市值加权平均方法计算的正超常收益率更为显著。(3)Fama-French三因素模型和CAPM模型回归的截距项都表明我国IPO存在正的长期超常收益率。