Individual and Organizational Antecedents of Misconduct in Organizations

A heterogeneous survey sample of for-profit, non-profit and government employees revealed that organizational factors but not personal characteristics were significant antecedents of misconduct and job satisfaction. Formal organizational compliance practices and ethical climate were independent predictors of misconduct, and compliance practices also moderated the relationship between ethical climate and misconduct, as well as between pressure to compromise ethical standards and misconduct. Misconduct was not predicted by level of moral reasoning, age, sex, ethnicity, job status, or size and type of organization. Demographic variables predicted job satisfaction and organizational variables added significant incremental variance. Results suggest the importance of promoting a moral organization through the words and actions of senior managers and supervisors, independent of formal mechanisms such as codes of conduct.

信息化进程中的组织变革与IT治理

信息技术对组织的技术性嵌入,改变了组织的内部与外部环境,若要使组织的信息化取得预期的效果,组织的变革是必需的。传统的理论认为,这种变革必然导致组织架构的扁平化、分散化及柔性化。但是在实践中发现,事实并非一定如此,由于监管的困难及委托代理问题的存在,信息化有可能因为人为的因素而导致组织的层级结构得到加强。这就需要组织实施有效的IT治理,使组织变革朝有利于组织发展的方向进行。     

The Study of the Relations among Ethical Considerations, Family Management and Organizational Performance in Corporate Governance

Corporate governance is increasingly becoming an issue of global concern, not least because we are more and more living in a corporate world that transcends international boundaries. The main purpose and motivation of this study is to determine how the international community should motivate businesses in fostering exemplary corporate governance, therefore eliminating obstacles to ethically exemplary behavior. The empirical approach utilized here has been applied to 161 businesses, both listed and over-the-counter (OTC) companies, with the results indicating that ethical considerations, corporate governance and organizational performance are inextricably linked and, to an extent, demonstrably proportional. This study also indicates a major finding that family management is a significant mediating variable of the ethical considerations of corporate governance and organizational performance. Finally, this study has developed an operational model of ethical considerations of corporate governance as a consultancy aid for businesses that wish to implement and/or boost their performance in respect to corporate governance.     

Virtuous Responses to Organizational Crisis: Aaron Feuerstein and Milt Colt

This study examines two recent cases of ethical responses to crisis management; the 1995 fire at Malden Mills and Aaron Feuerstein's response, and a 1998 fire at Cole Hardwoods, followed by the response of CEO Milt Cole. The authors describe these crises, the responses of Feuerstein and Cole, their motivations and the impact on crisis stakeholders using the principles of virtue ethics and effective crisis management. What emerges is set of post-crisis virtues grounded in values of corporate social responsibility and entrepreneurial ethics. These include virtues of immediacy of response, supportiveness of victims, and rebuilding and renewal.     

人力资源实践和组织公民行为关系研究

本文以上海、广东和江苏三地的464家制造企业的员工为调查对象,在社会交换理论的基础上,采用结构方程模型方法研究支持性人力资源实践和组织公民行为之间的关系,以及可察觉的组织支持在上述关系中的中介作用。研究结果表明,支持性人力资源实践和组织公民行为之间存在显著的正相关关系,并且可察觉的组织支持起到部分中间作用。     

基于领导—成员交换视角的组织公平与组织认同关系研究

目前,组织认同已经被越来越多的学者和企业家所关注.然而,对于其形成机制的研究还有待进一步的扩展.文章选取组织公平这一角度来研究组织认同形成的机理.检验了在中国情境下组织支持感在组织公平与组织认同关系中的中介作用,尤其重点探讨了公平感与组织认同关系链中领导-成员交换的调节效应和直接效应.文章以北京市6家企业的294名员工作为样本收集数据,进行统计检验.研究结果发现:组织公平促进员工组织支持感的形成,进而培育起员工的组织认同;领导-成员交换质量高时,组织公平更容易形成组织认同;领导-成员交换质量的改善会直接促进组织认同的形成.最后,讨论了文章研究的理论意义和对当前管理实践的启示和建议.     

Ethical Codes of Conduct and Organizational Context: A Study of the Relationship Between Codes of Conduct, Employee Behavior and Organizational Values

Codes of ethics are being increasingly adopted in organizations worldwide, yet their effects on employee perceptions and behavior have not been thoroughly addressed. This study used a sample of 613 management accountants drawn from the United States to study the relationship between corporate and professional codes of ethics and employee attitudes and behaviors. The presence of corporate codes of ethics was associated with less perceived wrongdoing in organizations, but not with an increased propensity to report observed unethical behavior. Further, organizations that adopted formal codes of ethics exhibited value orientations that went beyond financial performance to include responsibility to the commonweal. In contrast to corporate codes of ethics, professional codes of ethical conduct had no influence on perceived wrongdoing in organization nor these codes affect the propensity to report observed unethical activities.     

The Link Between Organizational Ethics and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Managers in Singapore

Based on a survey of 237 managers in Singapore, three measures of organizational ethics (namely, top management support for ethical behavior, the organization's ethical climate, and the association between ethical behavior and career success) are found to be associated with job satisfaction. The link between organizational ethics and job satisfaction is argued from Viswesvaran et al.'s (1998) organizational justice and cognitive dissonance theories. The findings imply that organizational leaders can favorably influence organizational outcomes by engaging in, supporting and rewarding ethical behavior.     

Differential Association, Multiple Normative Standards, and the Increasing Incidence of Corporate Deviance inan Era of Globalization

This paper examines with the use of aggregate data from the U.S. Department of Justicethe extent of contemporary white-collar crime as a consequence of multiple normative standards existing within corporations. Given the implications of globalization, the desire for increased profits, and the declining role of regulatory agencies across much of the world (save for Europe, Japan, Mexico and India), paper suggests that the incidence of corporate deviance is likely to increase in the foreseeable future.     

Organizational slack and firm’s internationalization: A longitudinal study of high-technology firms

We employ both organization theory and economic theory for exploring how the effects of high-discretion organizational slack and low-discretion organizational slack impact the degree of firm’s internationalization. We tested hypotheses using longitudinal data (2000–2005) from 179 high-technology publicly listed companies in Taiwan. The results indicate a U-shaped relationship exists between high-discretion organizational slack and the internationalization of firms. In contrast, low-discretion organizational slack presents a positive linear relationship with the internationalization of firms.     

中小企业学习代理模式与组织学习绩效关系实证研究

中小企业通过学习代理人从组织外部获取知识是促进组织学习的重要途径.因此,如何通过有效学习代理模式获取组织所需要知识,如何处理企业发展过程的学习策略以提高学习绩效,成为目前研究中小企业战略的重要课题.文章从学习代理基本理论出发,分析了学习代理的内涵与构成,提出了中小企业三种学习代理模式,提出了学习代理模式与组织学习绩效的概念模型与假设,通过实证研究对假设进行了统计验证,得出了基本结论与进一步研究展望,最后建议中小企业通过学习代理有效获取知识从而提升学习绩效.     

The Power of One: Dissent and Organizational Life

Over the last 20 years, organizations have attempted numerous innovations to create more openness and to increase ethical practice. However, adult students in business classes report that managers are generally bureaucratically oriented and averse to constructive criticism or principled dissent. When organizations oppose dissent, they suffer the consequences of mistakes that could be prevented and they create an unethical and toxic environment for individual employees. By distinguishing principled dissent from other forms of criticism and opposition, managers and leaders can perceive the dissenter as an important organizational voice and a valued employee. The dissenter, like the whistleblower, is often highly ethically motivated and desires to contribute to the organization’s wellbeing. Recognizing and protecting principled dissent provides the means of transforming organizations. By restoring dignity to the individual, organizations gain more productive and loyal employees, and they create an environment that promotes critical thinking, learning, and a commitment to ethics. Dr. Nasrin Shahinpoor is an Associate Professor of Economics at Hanover College in Hanover, IN. Dr. Bernard F. Matt is Professor of Religion and Philosophy at Wilmington College—Cincinnati Branch in Cincinnati, OH.     

现金股利、股权结构和组织特征:一个Logistic分析

本文以763家上海证券交易所A股上市公司2003年的横截面数据为观察值,运用logistic回归分析分别考察了股权结构和组织特征对现金股利发放概率的实证影响。本文发现,股权结构(第一大股东持股、前二大股东持股和前三大股东持股)对现金股利发放概率具有显著的正向影响。公司各项组织特征(成长性机会、每股收益、每股留存盈余、资产规模和财务杠杆)也对现金股利发放概率具有显著的影响。本文的结论支持自由现金流假说。     

Organizational buying effectiveness in supply chain environment: A conceptual framework

The idea of effectiveness measurement in supply chain context stresses the importance of value development process for the forthcoming member of the chain. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model of organizational buying effectiveness in the supply chain context, emphasizing the importance of marketing orientation in the purchasing process. Literature has revealed that there are many focal interaction points between relationship marketing, supply chain management, and organizational buying. The effectiveness framework was developed regarding the value perception, organizational buying involvement, and decentralization of decision making     

Influences Upon Organizational Ethical Subclimates: A Replication Study of a Single Firm at Two Points in Time

This research replicates Weber's 1995 study of a large financial services firm that found that ethical subclimates exist within multi-departmental organizations, are influenced by the function of the department and the stakeholders served, and are relatively stable over time. Relying upon theoretical models developed by Thompson (1967) and Victor and Cullen (1998), hypotheses are developed that predict the ethical subclimate decision-making dimensions and type for diverse departments within a large steel manufacturing firm and that these ethical subclimate types will be stable across the two periods of time when the data were collected. Employees were surveyed in 1995 and again in 1999 using Victor and Cullen's Ethical Climate Questionnaire. Response rates of 88 and 94 percent were achieved. Contrary to Weber's findings, our results imply that, in both samples, ethical subclimates may be determined by the strength of an organization's overall ethical climate, rather than the department's function. However, we did find support for Weber's earlier contention that these subclimates are relatively stable. Our results also suggest that differences may exist across industries, that is when comparing a large steel manufacturer, as we did in our study, with a large financial services organization, as Weber did in his 1995 study.     

职业认同与组织认同关系研究

在分析组织认同和职业认同概念的基础上,着重从个体特征和组织环境层面分析组织认同与职业认同的影响因素,从环境评估-情绪反应-应对行为的逻辑路径出发,论证职业认同与组织认同之间的相互关系,建立职业认同与组织认同关系的理论模型,旨在为组织管理者提升成员的组织认同提供新的思路和途径。     

工作满意感、组织认同与离职倾向关系实证研究

文章以383个建筑企业员工为被试样本,运用相关分析、偏相关分析、回归分析及路径分析等统计方法考察了工作满意感、组织认同与离职倾向三个员工态度变量之间关系.结果发现:(1)工作满意感、组织认同与离职倾向之间具有显著相关性和因果性;(2)工作满意感与组织认同相互作用,共同影响离职倾向,且组织认同对离职倾向的影响程度大;(3)组织认同在员工工作满意感与离职倾向关系中具有调节效应,在满意度一致的前提下,组织认同程度的高低对员工离职倾向具有更显著的调节影响.这些研究结果为员工离职权变主义学说提供了证据支持.     

Organizational Commitment and Ethical Behavior: An Empirical Study of Information System Professionals

IS professionals have been reported to have one of the highest turnover rates. They have also often been accused of unethical conduct, specifically, pirating software, hacking, giving professional opinion that exceeds their knowledge, and not protecting people's privacy. In a sample of 71 IS professionals and 250 members of other professions we found that IS professionals were more committed to their organizations than the other professionals, and that IS professionals were, indeed, less ethical with respect to software piracy and hacking. However, we found that they were not less ethical regarding professional opinions that exceed one's knowledge and protecting people's privacy.     

组织模块化及其挑战:组织形态演进的思考

本文基于现有研究,分析了组织形态从家庭作坊到工厂组织,再到公司制组织,并最终进化为模块化组织的演进历程,认为资本增值性、技术进步、市场因素(需求、贸易、竞争)、交易费用和新经济元素(信息技术、互联网络、知识资本)等因素影响并推进着组织形态变迁,并最终催生了模块化组织。其中,技术进步是组织形态向模块化组织演进的关键动因。技术模块化引起的价值链解构、竞合机制的形成、顾客直接参与价值分配是模块化组织价值释放效应的表现,这将使以交易费用为理论基石的传统企业组织理论受到挑战。