一种新的物流中心选址方法

目前物流业蓬勃发展，物流中心的建立则是物流系统中的关键问题。本文在传统数学模型的基础上，突破其单向物流的局限，建立了一种全面考虑企业整个上、下游物流活动的物流中心选址模型。在此基础上，引入模糊评价方法，全面考虑选址过程中的各项因素，选址评价更客观、合理。     

连锁超市空间布局分析的 GIS方法研究

论述了地理信息系统在城市连锁超市布局问题中的应用。提出人口的三维遥感估算模型、连锁超市与人口分布的一致性分析、连锁超市辐射范围及吸引人口和连锁超市选址四个模型,并给出了基于GIS连锁超市区位模型建立技术和方法,及列举该模型的应用实例。     

A multiobjective modeling approach to locating incinerators

The location of hazardous material incineration facilities is an important problem due to the environmental, social, and economic impacts that they impose. The costs associated with the facilities and the risks placed on nearby populations are important concerns as are the distributions of these costs and risks. This paper introduces a mixed-integer, multiobjective programming approach to identify the locations and capacities of such facilities. The approach incorporates a Gaussian dispersion model and a multiobjective optimization model in a GIS-based interactive decision support system that planners can access via the Internet. The proposed approach is demonstrated via a case study in central Portugal where the national government has decided to locate a large facility for the incineration of hazardous industrial waste. Due to intense local and national opposition, construction of the facility has been delayed. The system has been designed so that it can be used by decision makers with no special training in dispersion modeling, multiobjective programming, or GIS.     

形态要素在室内空间形态设计中的运用

依据平面构成的设计要素与法则,考虑室内空间各个部分的构成形式、相互关系以及空间布局与整体的构成关系,可以开拓室内设计的思路,形成新的设计概念及面貌。     

浅析中国传统建筑的空间与造型

中国人自古以来过着修身养性的生活,人们依赖自然,亲和自然。中国传统建筑主张"天人合一"。基于与自然高度协同的中国文化精神,热爱自然、尊重自然,镶嵌在自然中,仿佛是大自然的一个有机组成。这不仅在中国各建筑类型中有明显的反映,在与自然高度协同的观念在园林中更有突出的表现。这种朴素的哲学思想影响着中国古典建筑室内外空间塑造。本文仅从古建筑的空间处理和建筑的造型两个方面分析一下中国传统建筑的可持续发展性。     

CONJECTURAL VARIATIONS AND LOCATION THEORY

ABSTRACT. Imperfectly competitive markets, such as those involving spatial separation of producers and consumers are characterized by interactions between competing firms. Actions call forth reactions and the possible reactions form an important part of the information set that should be used to determine the initial actions. One method for dealing with this is the 'conjectoral variation' approach. Despite some shortcomings this methodology sheds considerable light on decision-making in the space economy. Equally importantly, it sheds light on more general microeconomies modelled as spatial analogs. This paper shows that conjectural variations and the nature of competition between rival firms do indeed 'matter' in location choice and more generally in product design. In particular, we shall be concerned with showing how the conjectured responses of rival firms affect their desire to agglomerate.     

Gradual location set covering with service quality

Location set covering models were first described in the early 1970s. In their simplest form, they minimize the number of facilities necessary to completely cover a set of customers in some given space, where covering means providing service within a predetermined distance. This paper considers extensions of the basic model that soften the covered/not covered dichotomy and replace it with gradual covering. The models discussed in this work include the quality of service as a criterion. The models are formulated and compared with each other with respect to their size and features. A small series of computational tests concludes the paper.     

Integrating expected coverage and local reliability for emergency medical services location problems

Daskin's MEXCLP model [Daskin M. A maximum expected covering location model: formulation, properties, and heuristic solution. Transportation Science 1983;17:48-70] was one of the first efforts to capture the stochastic nature of emergency medical services (EMS) location problems within a mixed-integer formulation. With their subsequent introduction of MALP, ReVelle and Hogan [The maximum availability location problem. Transportation Science 1989;23:192-200] offered two key advances, local vehicle busyness estimates and the α-reliability objective. While these constructs have influenced many subsequent EMS location models, they have been subjected to relatively little empirical analysis. To address this, we introduce the LR-MEXCLP, a hybrid model combining the local busyness estimates of MALP with the maximum coverage objective of MEXCLP. We then solve a series of problems with all three models and employ simulation to estimate aggregate service levels. We find that LR-MEXCLP leads to modest but consistent service gains over both MALP and MEXCLP. These results support the merits of local busyness estimates, but they also suggest that the α-reliability objective may be inappropriate when seeking to maximize aggregate system response capabilities. More generally, our research underscores the utility of (a) linking modeling assumptions and goals with real-world application contexts, and (b) employing simulation or other techniques to validate theoretical results.     

物流园区的规划与发展

本文从分析规划物流园区的目的出发,借鉴国内外物流园区发展的成功经验,对物流园区如何在明确基本功能定位的基础上,充分发挥政府的积极作用,科学规划物流园区,并使物流企业在此过程中获得发展的机会等问题进行了探索。     

Quasi-longitudinal Designs in SEM state Space Modeling

The collection of longitudinal data over the full model time scope is often an appropriate way to estimate the dynamic state space model with time-varying parameters. Nevertheless, in many situations it is possible and preferable to collect and combine data from independent groups of subjects, each covering a shorter interval than the full dynamic model. Several quasi-longitudinal designs are discussed: overlapping designs (overlapping cohort design OCD and overlapping samples design OSD) as well as nonoverlapping designs up to the exclusively cross-sectional design. The use of the structural equation modeling (SEM) program Mx and continuous time state space modeling is recommended. Finally, a number of the quasi-longitudinal designs is empirically evaluated, comparing the results with those of the full-longitudinal design.     

上海公园空间可达性与公平性分析

公园是城市绿色基础设施的重要组成部分,是城市居民游憩活动的重要场所,具有重要的生态、娱乐、休憩和社会文化等功能.在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,以上海市为例,运用最小邻近距离分析方法时研究区公园的空间可达性进行了定量评价,并结合上海市第五次人口普查数据资料,采用需求指数,分析了研究区各街道居民对城市公园的需求情况,在此基础上,采用定序变量相关分析和因子空间叠置分析两种方法定量测度了研究区公园布局的空间公平性程度.研究结果表明:(1)研究区可达性水平总体上较高,超过半数的居住区出行不足1000 m即可到达一个公园,超过70%的街道可达性水平较好;(2)在街道水平上研究区公园空间布局总体上比较公平、较为合理,可这性水平与需求指数呈显著相关,很高或高需求的街道70%左右均具有很好或好的可达性.     

Accurate estimation of expected coverage: revisited

As noted in several studies (Batta et al., Transp. Sci. 23 (1989) 277), (Burwell et al., Comput. Opns. Res. 20 (1993) 113), (Daskin, Network and Discrete Location, Wiley, New York, 1995), (Marianov and ReVelle, Eur. J. Opns. Res. 93 (1996) 110), (Saydam et al., Socio-Econ. Plann. Sci. 28(2) (1994) 113), the accurate estimation of expected coverage is an important and open issue. Although the maximum expected coverage model is empirically shown to prescribe a robust set of “optimal” locations, earlier findings suggest that it could also over or underestimate the coverage by a significant margin. In this study, we present a genetic algorithm (GA) that combines the expected coverage approach with the hypercube model (Jarvis, Mgmt. Sci. 31 (1985) 235), (Larson, Comput. Opns. Res. 1 (1974) 67), (Larson, Opns. Res. 23 (1975) 845) to solve the maximum expected coverage location problem with increased accuracy and realism. Our findings suggest that the GA provides at least as good solutions 94% of the time making it a viable alternative to the two-step procedures stipulated earlier.     

北京市公共住房区位布局研究

本文针对城市公共住房的区位布局问题,运用Arcview GIS 3．3软件,采集了北京127个已经建设或即将建设的公共住房数据,分析出北京市公共住房区位布局存在的突出特点是北部过于集中、南部带状分布,不断向外扩张,并产生了空间失配等问题。根据以上问题,提出了在城市中心区、边缘区和新城的公共住房建设区位政策,并指出应大力发展混合住区。     

Production-location decision and free entry oligopoly: A correction

This paper shows that there is no interior solution in Mai–Hwang's 1992 oligopolistic location model with free entry when the production function exhibits constant or decreasing returns to scale. The comparative static results of the impact of a demand change on the location decision only apply to the case where the production function exhibits increasing returns to scale. It re-examines the impact of a demand change on the location decision of an oligopolistic firm and corrects the propositions derived by [C.C. Mai, H. Hwang, Production-location decision and free entry oligopoly, Journal of Urban Economics 33 (1992) 252–271. Reprinted in: M.L. Greenhut, G. Norman (Eds.), The Economics of Location, vol. I: Location Theory, Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1995].     

电网GIS平台是电力系统新的发展方向

电网作为国家公共事业基础,牵涉到国家经济的发展和人民生活的安稳,是国家的基本基础设施。国家电网公司十二五规划中,明确提出了建立全国统一的坚强智能电网,而GIS是智能电网建设的基础。本文对GIS系统原理、组成、发展、应用以及电网GIS目前在我国的成功应用分别进行了介绍。