“华盛顿约定”为SWFs投资松绑?

主权财富基金的投资决定必须基于纯粹的商业国的……接受主权财富基金的国家不应该设立保护主义的壁垒阻止外商直接投资。自去年美国次级债危机爆发以来,来自阿联酋、新加坡、中国等国家的主权财富基金(Sovereign Wealth Funds,以下简称SWFs)在全球金融市场频频买入金融巨鳄股份的行为,引起了全球市场对主权     

主权财富基金全球投资风险研究

近年来,主权财富基金的快速发展对国际金融市场产生了重大影响,其投资在增强国际金融市场稳定性、提升全球资本市场完整性、起到抵御金融危机作用的同时,也增大了世界经济金融失衡的可能性,并有可能导致经济剧烈波动,增加金融市场的不确定性和系统性风险.而在全球投资的过程中,主权财富基金更面临着政治风险、市场波动风险、法律保障风险、公司治理风险和监管缺位风险等诸多挑战.因此,对于中国主权财富基金而言,应坚持科学投资的原则,实行商业化、专业化和市场化的运作方式,不断完善公司治理结构与风险控制体系,并通过成立外部监管机构,加强监督和引导,从而最大化地防范各类风险的发生.     

主权财富基金透明度的选择

随着全球主权财富基金规模的扩大以及在次贷危机中的突出表现,以国际货币基金组织为代表的国际机构和一些西方发达国家以威胁国家安全为由,要求主权财富基金提高透明度,并开始着手为主权财富基金制定行为准则。在此环境下,中投公司在透明度问题上该如何选择才能有效缓解外界压力,顺利地进行对外投资,是一个值得探讨的课题。本文通过分析国际社会对主权财富基金透明度的要求,比较几个主要主权财富基金的透明度,对中投公司透明度的选择提出建议。     

金融危机下主权财富基金投资的风险控制与策略

占有总额约2万亿美元的资产,主权财富基金是近年来最受瞩目的国际投资者.此次美国次贷危机引起全球金融市场剧烈波动,且已由虚拟经济向实体经济蔓延,而以长期投资为主的主权财富基金被认为在一定程度上可对全球动荡的经济起到稳定器的作用,因此,对金融危机下主权财富基金的投资策略的研究具有重大的意义.     

我国外汇储备投资主体——主权财富基金财务报表粉饰的防范对象

随着美国次贷危机之后欧债危机的蔓延,目前我国高额外汇储备在投资运作中面临着各种不确定风险。本文通过梳理我国外汇储备的管理现状和代表央行对外汇储备进行投资运作的主权财富基金的投资收益,分析由于信息不对称和制度不健全导致的主权财富基金财务报表粉饰行为,提出具有针对性的防范措施。     

我国主权财富基金投资运营研究

本文主要介绍了我国主权财富基金的来源，目前的规模，及其在投资运作方面的现状，进一步阐释了主权财富基金在投资运作上存在的问题与不足。并以中国投资有限责任公司为例，阐明了在肩负国家宏观调控的目的下，如何既能将风险控制在一定的范围内，又能通过适当的在全球范围内的资产配置，使投资达到获得优良的长期投资回报的目的。     

金融危机对主权财富基金的影响分析

随着全球经济的发展,主权财富基金应运而生,主要依靠石油输出国的能源出口所得与新兴经济体贸易出口的外汇收入而设立。在最近的十几年间,主权财富基金由于信息技术的进步而发展的更加繁荣。然而,主权基金的发展受到了金融危机的爆发的巨大的冲击,虽然它在一定程度上稳定了局势,但是危机还是通过贸易、能源价格、经济环境等因素给主权基金造成了的衰退。危机之后,主权基金在规模、投资策略等方面发生了一些变化,同时也面临着新的挑战和机遇。     

主权财富基金开展对外投资所面临的外部环境分析

近几年主权财富基金的快速发展及其在投资领域的影响,引起了发达国家对主权财富基金的关注,以美国为代表的国家对主权基金的态度处于矛盾之中.既希望获得主权财富基金的资金.又担心由此而引发的国家安全等问题.在此种国际环境下,我国应该积极参与主权财富基金国际规则的制定.尽可能地维护我国的利益;加强与东道国和国际机构的关系,树立良好的国际形象;正视自身存在的问题.建立良好的公司治理结构,减少对外投资过程中的阻碍;开展与国外成熟主权财富基金公司或机构投资者的合作,以联合投资的形式开展业务,学习其管理主权财富基金的经验,并进行风险控制,最终实现投资的保值和增值.     

主权财富基金探析及中国主权财富基金展望

美国次贷危机爆发以来,主权财富基金发展迅猛,在国际金融领域的活跃表现引起国际社会的广泛关注。主权财富基金规模日益庞大,其资产投资策略对国际资本流动和资产价格产生了重要的影响,而主权投资基金特殊的国家背景,又使其投资动向引起美欧政府和各界的关注。当前,我国主权财富基金应借鉴国际先进经验,不断完善其运作机制,积极应对外部监管环境变化对我主权财富基金的挑战。     

主权财富基金的总体投资趋势研究

从总体投资趋势看,近年来主权财富基金对外投资呈加速增长态势.其投资领域多元化,但对金融服务业和房地产业尤为重视,投资风格由低调沉稳趋向于风险激进;它们在国内外市场均有投资,但以国外市场为主,其中2001～2005年投资主要面向新兴市场,而2006～2008年则主要面向经济合作与发展组织发达国家,并因此引起西方国家的极大关注和质疑;受全球金融危机影响,主权财富基金一度出现大幅萎缩,部分主权资金退回国内市场,但最新交易表明,主权财富基金已再次开始把目光投向海外寻找战略性投资,以进一步实现其赢利目的.     

Sovereign wealth funds: National security risks in a global free trade environment

The proliferation of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) has resulted in an unstable political, legal, and regulatory environment for this form of foreign direct investment (FDI). This article explains SWF growth over the last half‐century; discusses issues surrounding SWF “transparency” and host‐country national security risk; reviews the legal and regulatory structures governing FDI in major national economies; examines proposed regulatory approaches to structure the FDI environment; and concludes with a discussion of SWF regulatory policy recommendations addressing corporate governance principles, national security restrictions on equity investment, and investment reciprocity, and suggests recommendations for executives considering engaging an SWF investment partner. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Sovereign wealth fund governance and national culture

As sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are owned and directed by sovereign governments which often have non-economic strategic motives and concomitant lack of transparency, there is much confusion, suspicion, and concern regarding the purpose of their investments. Strategic or non-economic motives for SWF investments are usually conveyed via respective governing boards of directors. Therefore, there is much need for understanding SWF governance. Using data for 49 large SWFs globally, we document significant and economically important evidence of the impact of national culture on SWF governance. Even when controlling for the quality of respective national governance, we find that poorer SWF governance is associated with the cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism, and most likely masculinity; while better SWF governance is associated with long-term orientation, indulgence and uncertainty avoidance. These results are consistent with what others have noted: good governance means different institutional dynamics in different countries (cultures). We also find that SWF governance is negatively associated with greater investment in foreign assets. Policy makers, capital-market participants, and managers will be interested in these results, as SWFs have become large and important global investors.     

Capability and need: A framework for understanding why states create sovereign wealth funds

Over the past half‐century, roughly one‐quarter of states in the international system have created sovereign wealth funds (SWFs). As a case of sovereign states investing public wealth mostly in private markets across borders, it is not altogether clear why SWFs have proliferated to this extent. What explains their spread in recent decades? In this paper, I build on a multidisciplinary literature that conceives of SWFs as a type of insurance against external risk and argue that middle economic powers that are highly exposed in global trade and capital markets are the states most likely to establish these institutions. Such states possess both the capability to create an SWF of a size sufficient to insure against risk and the need for the insurance function of a SWF by virtue of their relatively vulnerable position in the global economy. To evaluate my argument, I rely on a data set consisting of all states in the international system from 1950 to 2012 including the 48 SWFs created during that period. I find that middle economic powers with high degrees of trade and capital openness are the states most likely to create SWFs.     

Sovereign Wealth Funds: Investment and Governance Practices

Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are large, growing, and concentrated investment vehicles, with a current estimated value of U.S. $3 trillion. The combination of low transparency and government ownership has raised questions about political agendas, national security, and transfers of technology. In this article the authors report on the current status of SWFs in terms of investments, regulation, governance, and transparency of activities. They also review some recent studies on SWF investments and their impact on financial markets.     

基于Householder变换的正交PSWF脉冲设计

传统的Schmidt方法对椭圆球面波函数（PSWF）脉冲组进行正交化时,脉冲组的最大互相关值受脉冲个数的影响,同时还存在计算复杂度高的问题。针对上述问题,提出了基于Householder变换的正交化方法,通过将PSWF脉冲离散化,再依次对各离散的PSWF脉冲进行Householder变换,实现了对PSWF脉冲组进行QR分解,并得到新的正交PSWF脉冲组。仿真结果表明,与传统Schmidt方法相比,基于Householder变换的正交化方法使得脉冲组的最大互相关值从10-4降低到10-11,改善了脉冲组的正交性能,突破了脉冲组在脉冲个数的限制,并降低了计算复杂度,同时能够保持PSWF脉冲带内能量集中度高的优势。     

Do investment determinants and effects vary across sovereign wealth fund categories? A firm-level analysis

This paper investigates whether determinants and effects of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) investment vary across types of funds. To address this issue, we classify SWFs based on their scope and the origin of wealth. We find that saving and reserve funds and non-commodity funds pick better-performing firms. Furthermore, effects vary among SWF categories. In fact, saving and reserve funds assume a passive role in managing investments, unlike multi-objective and development funds which have detrimental effects on the target companies. As a whole, these findings confirm that heterogeneity of SWFs in terms of how they target firms and activism matters.     

第三方物流经营管理中的风险识别与法律防范

现代物流企业在攫取"第三利润源泉"的同时,其面临的风险也与日俱增。风险管理将有助于企业领导者科学地决策,如何避免风险是摆在现代物流企业面前的一个重要课题。本文从第三方物流的内涵出发,对其风险识别和法律防范做了深入的研究和分析。     

高校人才流动风险识别及管理对策探析

近年来我国高校发展迅速,高校中人才流动日益频繁,给高校的发展带来影响。分析了高校人才流动的风险成因及其后果,并从高校管理者的角度,就如何应对高校人才流动风险提出了管理策略。     

Do Stock Investors Value Corporate Sustainability? Evidence from an Event Study

This paper analyzes the impacts of index inclusions and exclusions on corporate sustainable firms by studying a sample of US stocks that are added to or deleted from the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index over the period 2002?C2008. The impacts are measured in terms of stock return, risk and liquidity. We cannot find any strong evidence that announcement per se has any significant impact on stock return and risk. However, on the day of change, index inclusion (exclusion) stocks experience a significant but temporary increase (decrease) in stock return. Liquidity deteriorates after the announcement day and bounces back significantly near the day of change. Systematic risk shows little change after announce- ments. But, idiosyncratic risk is higher after announcements. The overall results support Harris and Eitan??s (The Journal of Finance 41(4), 815?C829, 1986) price pressure hypothesis, which posits that event announcement does not carry information and any shift in demand (and hence the corresponding price change and liquidity change) is temporary.