Employment,income and economic identity in the U.S. virgin islands

The explosive tourism-led growth experienced by the U.S. Virgin Islands during the 1960s and early 1970s reflected the duality of the Virgin Islands’ socioeconomic identity. Although growth was dependent on the U.S. economy and U.S. policies, it also reaffirmed the links the Virgin Islands had developed with the Eastern Caribbean labor market in spite of their unique history as a Danish and then an American colony. Relatively large scale inflows of Eastern Caribbean labor caused both general and relative wage effects, compression of the wage and income structures, and redistribution of income away from labor. Increased labor market segmentation exacerbated the inherent ambivalence of the Virgin Islands’ Eastern Caribbean identity. The nature of the transformation of employment and income in the Virgin Islands undermined the benefits derived by the indigenous labor force and established the bases of subsequent socioeconomic conflict.     

评美国提高产业国际竞争力

一国产业国际竞争力，直接牵涉到该国社会经济发展的各个方面，影响到该国的国民福利，在很大程度上决定该国在世界政治经济舞台中的地位和作用，并往往成为影响其国家竞争力的重要砝码，本文以美国产业国际竞争力及其变化为探讨对象，分析20世纪80年代美国产业竞争力的主要表现和引发的争议；从80年代产业竞争力下降转变为90年代产业竞争力渐强的原因及其对美国经济的影响，最后阐述美国的这一转变实践对我国的几点启示。     

日美贸易摩擦中的美国“对日修正主义”研究

20世纪80年代中后期产生的日本异质论及美国"对日修正主义"是日美经贸摩擦延伸至体制领域的重要表现。它既是冷战结束前后国际政治格局变化和美国国内政治气候变迁的产物,又具有深刻的学术和舆论背景。美国"对日修正主义"者从资本主义发展模式的差异、日本政治经济体制及其相应政策手段的特殊性、美国对日贸易策略等三个方面阐述了其理论观点,在美国舆论界、学术界和决策层中产生了巨大的影响。     

Assessing the regulatory process in an international context: Mixed currency SDRS and U.S. bank equity returns

Conclusions This study used the cumulative prediction error methodology to determine if the equity returns of major U.S. banks were affected by the 1974 SDR change. This change by the IMF was viewed as an opportunity to study the adjustment process in international regulation as well as to focus on the policy's net impact. The results strongly support the contention that banks were adversely affected by the change from a dollar-based SDR to a mixed-currency SDR due to the expected increase in lending by the IMF and due to the expectation of inflation and increased exchange volatility.The results also show an expected regulatory pattern of reaction. The primary effect was on the announcement date which had reaction of –0.042 with a test statistic of –14.68. There was a negative drift from day –34 (the announcement day) to day 0 (the implementation day) with the primary decline between days –10 to 0. The implementation date had a smaller, but significant, negative return. These results support those of Davidson [1984] regarding reaction to regulatory change.A key implication of this research is the importance for international monetary agencies to exercise care in implementing policy changes. International repercussions on a country's banking system could occur as a result of a policy change. Evidence from this study indicates that one particular change, namely the recomposition of the SDR, adversely affected the stock values of U.S. banks.     

美国纺织服装区域性生产网络与中美纺织品协议的效应评估

为了应对全球化的挑战,美国与周边的墨西哥和加勒比海地区(CBI)国家合作,形成了一条以纵向一体化为核心的区域性纺织服装生产网络(regional production network,RPN)。由于RPN合作国家是美国纺织产业重要的出口市场,因此后者在该网络中具有既得利益。美国政府进而签订的《中芙纺织品协议》(以下简称"协议")旨在抑制后配额时代中国输美服装类产品对该RPN的冲击。本文就"协议"的实施对相关贸易流量的影响进行了评估。结果显示,"协议"已经对中国输美服装类产品产生贸易破坏效应,而墨西哥和CBI国家对美国的服装出口则从中受益。然而,研究并未显示"协议"的实施有助于美国增加纱线、面料等纺织类产品向RPN合作国家的出口,因而"协议"对美国纺织产业的实际保护效应有必要予以反思。本文的研究结论对于2008年"协议"到期后相关政策的制定和调整具有重要的借鉴意义。     

美利坚之魂

华盛顿故居位于弗吉尼亚州的波多马可河岸边。临近故居还有几公里时,路两边的树木就看出一种异乎寻常的茂盛。树都很粗,树叶乌黑黑的,树林很密,看不到边际。故居在一个小山包的山顶上,叫弗农山庄。弗农山庄是华盛顿同父异母的哥哥劳伦斯在其父亲所盖的一处房子基础上改建的,起名叫弗农山庄是为纪念哥哥心目中的一位偶像、一位英国海军上将。     

享受美国售后服务

在国内，人们买了商品后退货要费很多口舌，甚至吵闹一番也没有结果。在美国，商家的服务方式和服务速度都让我们感到震惊。看看美国的售后服务，也许能给中国的商家们一些启示和反思。     

酒精助然美国经济

酒精产业降低了美国对进口原油的依存度,减少了贸易逆差美国酒精产业最早始于19世纪30年代,上世纪80年代得以跳跃式发展,是过去三十年来美国加工制造业最成功的典范之一。2005年是美国酒精产业发展的分水岭,美国总统布什当年8月签署了新的能源政策法案(EPACT05),从法律高度激励     

The Case Against a U.S.-Arms Monopoly

The U.S. government is the dominant player in the global arms market. Existing literature emphasizes the many benefits of an international U.S. government arms monopoly including: regional and global balance, stability and security, the advancement of U.S. national interests, and domestic economic benefits from international sales. The purpose of this paper is to balance this largely one-sided treatment of the U.S. government’s dominant position in the international arms market. We discuss several negative consequences and costs associated with U.S. arms sales which call into question the net benefit of the U.S. government’s control over global arms.     

论美国虚拟资本主义的运行逻辑

当前,以美国为代表的资本主义进入了虚拟资本主义阶段。所谓虚拟资本主义,是指资本主义的经济主体从生产物质产品的工业转移到了游离于物质产品生产之外的金融业。美国虚拟资本主义之所以能够生存有两个前提条件：一是亚洲外汇储备能够稳定地流向美国;二是美国的金融资本能够很畅通地流向储备了大量美元外汇的国家。欧元推出后,亚洲外汇储备开始大规模地流向欧洲,从而动摇了美国虚拟资本主义生存的第一个条件;中国储备了大量美元外汇,但金融市场却没有完全开放,致使美国金融资本不能很畅通地流入中国,从而动摇了美国虚拟资本主义生存的第二个条件。美国虚拟资本主义遭遇到的这两个生存威胁是美国次贷危机发生的深层次原因。     

Do conservative governments make a difference in monetary policy? A study of the U.S. and the U.K.

This paper offers an empirical test of the Simon's proposition: Do conservative governments make a difference in monetary policy? Using quarterly data on the inflation rate and the GDP gap, the authors test the hypothesis during the tenure of two regimes: conservatives and non-conservatives, and for two countries, the U.S. and the U.K. Under the assumption that the monetary authority followed a Taylor rule, they evaluate monetary policies pursued by alternative regimes in the two countries. Alternatively, they assume that the monetary authority adjusts money growth in response to deviations of inflation and GDP from their target levels. The estimation results were mixed. The Simon's hypothesis was supported in the U.K. during the Thatcher regime, but not in the U.S. during the Reagan's tenure. The findings for the U.S. in contrast to those obtained for the U.K. indirectly validate the Simon's contention that monetary policy in the U.S. is subject to manipulation by interest groups“Perhaps the ultimate test of the conservative status of government is its willingness to pursue stable monetary policy.”William E. Simon, 1980, p. 8     

美元贬值对美国经常账户影响的估值效应分析

本文运用资产组合模型和协整计量方法,论证了美元汇率变化所带来的估值效应对美国经常账户调节的影响。分析结果表明,美元贬值引致的估值效应很小,再加上美元贬值可能使美国短期债务利率上升,这就很容易抵销掉贬值所带来的估值收益。因此,美国巨大的贸易赤字不可能通过美元贬值所带来的估值效应得以纠正。     

冷静、冷静、再冷静--对当前美国与中美关系的几点观察

十几年前,当国际风云变幻、战略对比失衡时,邓小平综观全局,对形势突变及时做出了精辟的论断,提出要冷静、冷静、再冷静,指出无论国际环境如何变化,中国都要在和平共处五项原则的基础上从容发展同所有国家的友好关系;要保持警惕,谁也不怕,谁也不得罪,朋友要交,心中有数;要韬光养晦,埋头苦干,不扛大旗不当头,过头的话不说,过头的事不做。[1]今天重温邓小平的这些告诫,在新的国际环境下观察美国和中美关系,更感到发人深省。一、冷眼看美国冷战结束后的第一场战争———海湾战争,对维护和加强美国的世界霸权地位意义重大。但是,去年美国入侵伊…     

不要误读美国房价

旅美学者沈克明较为细致地介绍了美国房地产市场的情况，并和中国进行了对比。对比之下，他认为中国消费者对房屋价值的认识还不够成熟，一旦消费者认清房屋价值的关键所在，中国目前不少所谓高端别墅的价格将会大幅缩水。 当然，中美房地产市场不尽相同。面对中国庞大的人口，土地、房屋是稀缺产品，价值、价格的衡量因考虑多种因素。但无论如何，文章给读者带来了一些新的视角和独特的思考，也让我们较为全面地了解了美国房地产市场。美国的房地产市场一个多层次、完善成熟的市场：既有天价房，也有一般老百姓消费得起的普通住房，更有政府为低收入者提供大量“廉租房”。特别是美国政府对贫困人群住房问题的关注，值得我们借鉴。     

International factor migration and the U.S.

Conclusion The model employed is sufficiently realistic to provide conclusions regarding income distribution due to factor migration. While more disaggregation and other models would be revealing, these results correspond to observed positions on migration issues. Owners of a productive factor can be expected to favor migration policy, either the making or enforcing of laws, favorable to themselves. A factor owner's sentiments can be predicted by identifying patterns of friendship. While each productive factor is its own enemy, empirical results for the U.S. identify two pairs of enemies as well: capital/skilled and semiskilled/unskilled labor. Unskilled labor is a friend of capitalists and skilled labor, both of which can be expected to favor their free immigration.