中国经济转轨时期的收入分配机制

1992年,中国正式选择了社会主义市场经济。围绕着建立社会主义市场经济体制目标,经济机制转换显得尤为迫切和重要。下面从居民收入分配的角度研究社会主义市场经济条件下收入分配机制的运行情况。一、两大收入分配机制的基本内涵 (一)计划分配机制。计划分配机制,也称政府分配机制,即政府运用行政权力对国民收入进行分配和再分配。分配的主要对象是地区、部门、行业、企业、单     

内蒙古自治区事业单位职工工资收入问题调查分析

一、内蒙古事业单位职工工资收入存在的主要问题 (一)与兄弟省区市事业单位职工工资收入存在差距 从近两年事业单位在岗职工平均工资水平看,2007年内蒙古事业单位在岗职工平均工资23174元,福建省26501元,比我区高3327元(我区与福建省在岗职工平均工资相差399元);辽宁省23339元,比我区高165元;同属西部地区的青海省28605元,比我区高5431元;山东省26504元,比我区高3330元.     

费率市场化后车险保费收入的实证研究

本文用对费率市场化后丰险保费收入做回归分析,结果表明费率市场化后车险保费收入的增加速度确实有了提高:03年后汽车保有量每增加1单位,车险保费收入在原基础上多增加1754元.     

城市化进程中城乡收入差距问题研究

城市化进程主要包括农业人口向非农业转移的过程以及非农产业人口向城市集中的过程。收入差距通常会引起劳动力的流动，通过历史时间序列的分析表明，收入差距确实和城市化水平有因果关系；另外对不同产业收入的分析表明，在服务业工作的农民更容易在城市定居。缩小城乡劳动力收入差距、加快城市化进程的策略主要有：改革完善现有制度，创造良好的人员流动环境；引入市场竞争，实现农民素质长期有效得到提高；提高农村市场化水平，帮助农民实现职业转变等。     

易宪容：收入不公的根源是钱权交易市场化

收入分配问题是目前中国民众关注的焦点。这一话题被媒体炒得沸沸扬扬．引起政府部门的高度重视。     

利率市场化下我国商业银行的收入结构转型分析

我国的利率市场化改革一直在稳步的推进当中,2013年7月20日央行决定放开贷款利率,标志着我国贷款利率的全面放开,在利率市场化上迈出了实质性的一大步。而利率市场化带来利率波动、利差缩窄、以及失去了行政定价的资金价格,必会对我国金融业影响巨大。我国商业银行的收入结构亟需由利息收入主导,向利息收入与非利息收入均衡发展的收入结构转型。本文分析了我国商业银行收入结构现状,利率市场化对我国商业银行收入的影响,并提出商业银行的应对策略。     

学校教育投资、家庭内知识外部性与农户收入回报：来自苏北农村的证据

本文运用苏北农村农户层面的微观数据,并结合农业生产和农户家庭特征,来估计农民的教育回报率。农户以家庭为单位进行联合劳动的特征导致农户收入贡献的不可分性以及家庭内教育投资具有正的外部性,使得个人教育投资回报小于家庭回报。然而,由于家庭内部更多成员的教育投资的外部性具有递减的特征以及婚姻市场存在的匹配现象,可能会出现由知识拥挤带来的教育投资过度问题。本文的实证分析表明：农户家庭内成员的教育投资的确存在外部性;教育投资回报会随着受教育人数的增加而减少;农村婚姻中存在教育匹配效应;户主配偶的教育投资存在动态不足。     

中国银行业多元化业务收入对其利润影响的实证分析

已有的实证研究表明,我国商业银行业务多元化在一定程度上能提高其盈利能力。本文在已有研究的基础上,实证研究了我国商业银行各项业务收入对其利润的影响。研究结果表明,虽然各项业务收入有助于提高银行总利润,但是利息收入、其它营业收入和投资收益却对银行净利润存在明显的负向影响,但当考虑其与是否股份制银行的虚拟变量的交互影响后,发现业务收入对股份制银行的净利润有显著的正向影响。同时,金融企业往来收入、汇兑收益、营业外收入对银行净利润都具有正向影响,其中又以营业收入的边际影响最显著。     

Financial risk exposure of returns to education: Panel evidence from Korea*

The present study examined financial market risk exposure of human capital returns, which are represented by the returns to education, using panel data for Korea. Overall, financial market shocks seem to be irrelevant to returns to education. However, when we divide a financial market shock into cash flow news and discount rate news leading to a negative risk premium, returns to education increase after positive news about future cash flows and unexpected increases in discount rates Therefore, the risk exposure to cash flow shocks is offset by the exposure to discount rate shocks. The returns to education of low‐income workers were significantly exposed to the cash flow risk as compared to those with a high income, but they were offset by the positive correlation to discount rate shocks. In contrast, considering the gap between generations, the old generation was not only less exposed to the cash flow risk compared to the young generation regarding returns to education but also positively correlated with the discount rate shock, resulting in less exposure to financial market risks.     

Declining rates of return to education: evidence for Indonesia

In 1977, American labour economist Richard Freeman documented a fall in the return to education in the US, and attributed it to the expansion of the country's education sector. This article shows, similarly, that the returns to education in Indonesia generally declined between 1993 and 2007–08, following the large-scale expansion of the sector. The changes, however, were reasonably modest, and sometimes differed between males and females. This suggests that both recent growth in the education sector (which by itself could depress the return to education) and uneven growth across the Indonesian economy (which could differentially increase demand for graduates at various levels of education) have played a role in determining the pattern of change over time in the profitability of education in Indonesia.     

Gender Difference in Returns to Education Independent of Gender Wage Gap in Korea*

This study examined the difference between male and female groups’ return on investment (ROI) in education independent of the average gender wage gap. Women’s additional ROI in education was significant and positively estimated. Furthermore, the ROI in women’s education was consistently higher than that in men regardless of educational stage, except for graduate education. These gender differences were greater in the younger generation than in the older generation and have decreased significantly in the recent ten years in high school education. Although the additional ROI in women’s education was positive in the field of culture and arts, education’s effect on wage increases in professional occupations was less than in men, especially in the fields of law and medicine. In addition, we show that gender differences in ROI in education were countercyclical. A base effect, large wage declines for low‐educated women during recessions, could explain this phenomenon. However, coinciding with the existence of positive cash flow news in the stock market that promises good business performance, a significant wage increase among highly educated women was found.     

中国教育收益率的结构分析——基于技术溢出的视角

本文主要从技术溢出的视角出发，讨论了中国教育收益率的结构特征，特别是不同教育水平的教育收益率比较。我们认为，随着教育水平的不断提升，工人不但可以使用国内更为先进的技术，由于技术溢出的存在他们还能够借鉴国外技术来突破国内技术。按照这种思路，我们在Nel—son-Phelps模型的基础上进行了扩展，将收益率对教育年数的偏导数分解为”技术溢出效应”和”收益递减效应”，并且说明我国的高等教育的收益率可能会更高，而技术性职业的收益率的增加速度会更快。1989—2006年7期CHNS数据支持了我们模型的结论。     

转型期社会冲突的经济学分析

本文试图从亚里士多德正义的分配和矫正视角,分析我们转型时期社会冲突产生的深层原因。指出转型期政府和社会冲突产生的逻辑关系,并进一步对当今和谐社会的建设提出建议。     

Does Education Still Pay Off in Rural China： Revisit the Impact of Education on Off-farm Employment and Wages

The present study considers how education affects off-farm job participation and wages. We use a nationally representative dataset from a survey conducted in 5 provinces, 101 villages and 808 households by the authors in early 2005. The empirical results show that educational attainment, skill training and years of experience of rural residents have positive, statistically significant effects on off-farm employment. The average return to a year of education is 7percent, which is higher than those observed in previous studies. We also find the return to an additional year of schooling to be higher for post-junior high schooling than for junior high and below schooling： 11.8 versus 3.2 percent. We conclude that not only does education still pays off in rural China, but also the rate of return to education is increasing over time.     

Social Returns to Education: Macro-Evidence

Summary This paper presents new evidence on the social returns to education within a macroeconomic growth regression framework. I use improved schooling data and a macro version of the Mincer relationship between education and wages for individual workers. The results suggest that an increase by one year of the average education level of the labor force would increase labor productivity by 7–10% in the short run and by 11–15% in the long run. Some evidence is found for the presence of dynamic human capital spillovers: the human capital stock increases prospective economic growth. The empirical results are used to quantify the macroeconomic impact of skill upgrading as agreed upon in the European Union’s Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs. Finally, the paper discusses discrepancies between private and social returns to education. I would like to thank two referees, Dinand Webbink, Peter Wobst, and participants of the brown bag lunch seminar series at the Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General of the European Commission for helpful comments. Views expressed are my own, and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the European Commission or the CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.     

当代中国经济转型中的马克思主义中国化因素

当代中国经济经从计划经济向市场经济转型的关键,是马克思主义中国化历程中的经济理论创新。马克思主义理论关于在中国如何建设社会主义经济的这一科学创举主要表现在:对市场、商品、计划等经济要素进行客观的中性化界定,并解除其被人为强加的意识形态羁绊。在此基础上,马克思主义中国化在中国经济腾飞中,进一步强调经济发展的质——与社会发展的可持续性、带来幸福资源的广泛社会辐射度。