Estimation and optimal designs for linear Haar-wavelet models

This paper gives an analytical expression for the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of the unknown parameters in the linear Haar-wavelet model. From the analytical expression, we solve for the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the BLUE in analytical form. Further, we use these eigenvalues to construct some conventional discrete optimal designs for the model. The equivalences among these optimal designs are demonstrated and some examples are also given.      

Equivalence of optimal noisy-ranking contests and Tullock contests

We analyze a noisy-ranking contest in which participants compete in several dimensions. The organizer randomly samples a number of dimensions and awards a prize to the most productive agent. When the contest is optimally designed, we establish a structural equivalence between this family of noisy-ranking contests and contests built upon Tullock contest success functions. Our result also shows that in this class of noisy-contests, the profit-maximization problem of the planner can be turned into a stochastic choice problem for a planner who has some deterministic preferences over the contestants’ win probabilities.     

Randomized response: Estimating mean square errors of linear estimators and finding optimal unbiased strategies

Summary General procedures are described to generate quantitative randomized response (RR) required to estimate the finite population total of a sensitive variable. Permitting sample selection with arbitrary probabilities a formula for the mean square error (MSE) of a linear estimator of total based on RR is noted indicating the simple modification over one that might be based on direct response (DR) if the latter were available. A general formula for an unbiased estimator of the MSE is presented. A simple approximation is proposed in case the RR ratio estimator is employed based on a simple random sample (SRS) taken without replacement (WOR). Among sampling strategies employing unbiased but not necessarily linear estimators based on RR, certain optimal ones are identified under two alternative models analogously to well-known counterparts based on DR, if available. Unlike Warner’s (1965) treatment of categorical RR we consider quantitative RR here.     

Properties of optimal forecasts under asymmetric loss and nonlinearity

Evaluation of forecast optimality in economics and finance has almost exclusively been conducted under the assumption of mean squared error loss. Under this loss function optimal forecasts should be unbiased and forecast errors serially uncorrelated at the single period horizon with increasing variance as the forecast horizon grows. Using analytical results we show that standard properties of optimal forecasts can be invalid under asymmetric loss and nonlinear data generating processes and thus may be very misleading as a benchmark for an optimal forecast. We establish instead that a suitable transformation of the forecast error—known as the generalized forecast error—possesses an equivalent set of properties. The paper also provides empirical examples to illustrate the significance in practice of asymmetric loss and nonlinearities and discusses the effect of parameter estimation error on optimal forecasts.     

On some properties of the linear function Poisson binomial and negative binomial distributions

Summary A general model in fluctuations of sums of random variables leading, under certain assumptions, to each of the generalized and linear function Poisson, binomial and negative binomial distributions is presented. Moreover the generating functions and the factorial moments of the linear function Poisson, binomial and negative binomial distributions are obtained in close forms and certain distributional properties are discussed.     

Asymptotically optimal nonparametric one- and two-way analysis of variance tests for the log linear model under censoring

We considerr ×c populations with failure ratesλ _ij(t) satisfying the condition

Measure for Measure: Exact F Tests and the Mixed Models Controversy

We consider exact F tests for the hypothesis of null random factor effect in the presence of interaction under the two factor mixed models involved in the mixed models controversy. We show that under the constrained parameter ( CP ) model, even in unbalanced data situations, MSB/MSE (in the usual ANOVA notation) follows an exact F distribution when the null hypothesis holds. We also obtain an exact F test for what is generally (and erroneously) assumed to be an equivalent hypothesis under the unconstrained parameter ( UP ) model. For unbalanced data, such a corresponding test statistic does not coincide with MSB/MSAB (the test statistic advocated for balanced data cases). We compute the power of the exact test under different imbalance patterns and show that although the loss of power increases with the degree of imbalance, it still remains reasonable from a practical point of view.     

内部审计的职能和作用

内部审计的职能和内部审计的作用本来一对"孪生兄弟",职能发挥得越充分就会使作用的效果越大,作用的不断加大又过来影响职能的进一步完善和改进。     

上海市区街道办事处功能作用调整、完善的对策与措施

本文经调查研究,从上海市区街道办事处功能作用存在的问题出发,重新定义其功能与基本职能,提出了上海街道办事处功能作用调整对策与措施。     

论校园主流媒体对高职院校文化建设的作用与影响

本文从校园主流媒体与高职院校文化建设相互关系入手,论述了校园主流媒体的地位、作用与影响,指出校园主流媒体具有新闻传播、舆论引导和文化上的同构建设三大功能,是校园文化建设的主阵地,是高职院校连接外界的桥梁与纽带,也是深化"工学结合、校企合作"的重要平台,还是高职院校打造自身鲜明办学特色的标识和旗帜。     

Union algebra: Unionization,productivity and labor intensity restrictions

Two models are developed to investigate unionism effects. The first assumes Cobb-Douglas technology, derives an explicit cost function allowing for noncost minimization and separates productivity and labor intensity effects. The second assumes a more flexible translog shadow cost function and isolates a neutral productivity effect and factor-specific composite effects. The models are estimated using Allen's construction data. Both models indicate a positive union productivity effect in office construction and a negative union productivity effect in school construction. The Cobb-Douglas model indicates a binding labor-to-materials restriction in both office and school construction, but this evidence disappears with the nonminimum cost function.     

基于运输者风险偏好的治理超载超限策略研究

选择线性函数和指数函数作为运输者的效用函数,分析了采取治理超载超限运输的三种策略(执法检查、查获及罚款),给不同风险偏好运输者带来的预期效用。并以一条高速公路治超检测站的数据为依据,进行了示例分析。     

汽车阻尼消音器材的研究及发展

文章主要介绍汽车阻尼消音器材的发展史、制造工艺及其技术标准和未来汽车消音器材发展的前景与方向,并对当前主机厂使用的消音板的采购、设计及质量管理给予一定的建议。     

标准化造价在油气田地面建设工程中的应用

随着油田工程建设的不断发展,传统的工程造价方式已经不符合油田建设工程的发展状况。这对油田造价方式的合理运用提出了新的要求。新的模式——标准化造价在这种形势下应运而生,其在整体的资金投入安排中,完善了以前以工程概算为基础的造价方式的不足,并且在一定程度上节约了成本。目前,其在我国的部分油田工程建设中发挥了重要的作用,并已经取得了一定的成效。本文描述了标准化造价在油田建设工程中的具体运用。     

Random Sets: Models and Statistics

This paper surveys aspects of the theory of random closed sets, focussing on issues of practical and current interest. First, some historical remarks on this part of probability theory are made, where the important role of Georges Matheron is emphasized. Then, fundamental characteristics of the distribution of random closed sets are introduced. The very important Boolean model serves as an example for discussing mathematical and statistical problems. A number of further models is then considered, namely excursion sets of random fields, the system of edges of the Poisson Voronoi tessellation and various random systems of non-overlapping spheres. Finally, some ideas of particle statistics are presented, including some models of random compact sets.     

水泥稳定碎石的作用原理及在公路施工中的应用

水泥稳定碎石作为路面基层,具有早期强度高,雨季对施工影响相对较小,施工机械化程度较高等特点,这些都有利于保证进度和质量,因此被越来越广泛地应用到市政道路工程中去。为此,本文针对城市道路半刚性基层采用水泥稳定碎石的技术研究进行简要分析,以供参考。     

Tullock and Hirshleifer: a meeting of the minds

We introduce the serial contest by building on the desirable properties of two prominent contest games. This family of contest games relies both on relative efforts (as Tullock’s proposal) and on absolute effort differences (as difference-form contests). An additional desirable feature is that the serial contest is homogeneous of degree zero in contestants’ efforts. The family is characterized by a parameter representing how sensitive the outcome is to contestants’ efforts. It encompasses as polar cases the (fair) lottery and the (deterministic) all-pay auction. Equilibria have a close relationship to those of the (deterministic) all-pay auction and important properties of the latter hold for the serial contest, too.