品牌负面曝光事件分类及溢出效应差异研究

本文以产品、道德因素为标准,研究界定产品性能型、公司道德型,以及道德-性能复合型三类品牌负面曝光事件,通过采用内容分析法分析三类品牌负面曝光事件对竞争品牌和行业溢出效应的差异。研究发现道德-性能复合型品牌负面事件溢出范围最广,品牌负面曝光事件对竞争品牌的溢出效应具有两面性,且负面溢出比例较大;公司道德型和道德-性能复合型事件对行业仅产生负面溢出,产品性能型负面事件对行业会产生正面和负面溢出。     

品牌负面曝光事件分类及溢出效应差异研究北大核心CSSCI

本文以产品、道德因素为标准,研究界定产品性能型、公司道德型,以及道德-性能复合型三类品牌负面曝光事件,通过采用内容分析法分析三类品牌负面曝光事件对竞争品牌和行业溢出效应的差异。研究发现道德-性能复合型品牌负面事件溢出范围最广,品牌负面曝光事件对竞争品牌的溢出效应具有两面性,且负面溢出比例较大;公司道德型和道德-性能复合型事件对行业仅产生负面溢出,产品性能型负面事件对行业会产生正面和负面溢出。     

道德型负面曝光事件对品牌资产的影响

学者们研究负面曝光事件对品牌资产的影响大多集中于产品伤害型的负面曝光事件,而较少涉及道德型的负面曝光事件。文章分析了品牌资产各维度之间的关系,论证品牌发生道德型负面曝光事件后,对品牌忠诚、感知质量和品牌联想有负面影响,对品牌知名度有正面影响,进而对品牌资产产生负面影响。     

消费者对企业家形象的评价哪种情况更差:“无能”还是“无德”?

本文旨在探究不同形象特质企业家在遭遇能力型和道德型负面曝光事件时,消费者对其形象的评价是否有差异。研究结果发现:当企业家形象特质是专业型时,企业家遭遇能力型负面曝光事件和道德型负面曝光事件,消费者对其形象的评价没有显著差异;当企业家的形象特质是可靠型和吸引力型时,相对于遭遇能力型负面曝光事件,企业家遭遇道德型负面曝光事件时消费者对其形象的评价更差。     

品牌负面曝光事件中的消费者民族中心倾向

近些年越来越多的品牌出现以质量危机为核心的产品伤害事件，对企业的品牌资产、市场份额、财务绩效造成巨大的负面影响。以往研究指出消费者对品牌的情感可以在一定程度上促使个体对产品伤害事件更加包容，缓和产品伤害事件对品牌的负面影响，文章探讨了集体主义的东方人对于基于群体的消费者-品牌情感——消费者民族中心倾向——对产品伤害危机中品牌评价的影响。通过两组实验，分别选取中国样本和韩国样本，研究发现消费者民族中心倾向并不能始终维持消费者对本土品牌的偏爱，品牌负面信息消极程度调节民族中心倾向对品牌负面信息认知的影响：面对一般消极程度的品牌负面信息，相比国内品牌，消费者对国外品牌产生更多的负面情绪和负面品牌评价，但是当品牌出现重大负面信息时，消费者对国内品牌的负面情绪和负面评价均显著高于对国外品牌的负面情绪和负面评价。文章研究发现对于产品伤害危机管理和民族品牌建设具有一定的启示意义。     

产品伤害危机溢出效应研究综述

产品伤害危机的发生不仅仅会给危机带来负面影响,也会产生溢出效应,影响消费者对竞争品牌的感知和行为,对市场上的竞争品牌带来正面或者负面的影响。国内外学者对于产品伤害危机的溢出效应已经进行了大量研究,本文将对产品伤害危机产生的溢出效应类型和影响溢出效应的主要影响因素以及竞争对手应对策略对溢出效应的营销等相关问题对已有文献进行述评。并且进行评价综述,尝试对未来的研究重点进行了展望。     

丰田召回事件的品牌经济学分析

运用品牌经济学原理,分析了本次丰田油门事件对丰田品牌的影响,由于丰田通过对立创新牢固占据了经济型小轿车的这一品类,高油价和城市化不断扩大了市场对丰田车的品类需求,召回事件没有改变消费者对经济型轿车的品类需求,需求拉力这个根本条件是没有改变;这次危机是内因类质量类危机,属于探索性错误,而不是企业主观上的明知故犯,顾客是理解和原谅的;虽然丰田在危机策略方面的失误使得本次危机呈现扩大的趋势,但其毕竟还是负责地实施了召回并诚恳道歉,对绝大多数顾客而言,并未产生实际损失,使得这个"企业发展中的错误"逐渐转化为可以被消费者原谅的错误。根据品牌经济学理论,这次事件不会对丰田的品牌信用造成较大影响。     

“排”不掉的“他”：企业赞助溢出效应研究

通过排他条款保护赞助权益是赞助商最为关注的问题,但是排他条款难以实现赞助商独占赞助权益却是无法回避的现实问题。文章在赞助研究领域引入溢出效应理论,研究企业赞助对竞争品牌溢出效应的形成机制。结果表明,品牌进行赞助时,可能产生溢出效应,改变消费者对竞争品牌的评价;同时,与事件质量较低时相比,事件质量较高时,赞助事件质量对竞争品牌的溢出效应更大;另外,与赞助企业代表性较高时相比,赞助企业代表性较低时,赞助事件质量对竞争品牌产生的溢出效应影响更大。文章从溢出效应的角度拓展了企业赞助理论,回答了排他条款难以“排他”的理论机理,对企业开展赞助营销实践具有理论借鉴。     

负面网络口碑特征对消费者品牌态度变化的影响——信息易获得性与诊断力理论视角

本文从易获得性与诊断力理论视角探索了产品涉入度和品牌熟悉度不同时,负面网络口碑对消费者品牌态度变化影响的差异。研究结果表明,面对与高涉入产品或预先态度好的熟悉品牌相关高诊断力负面网络口碑时,消费者能理性判断信息;相反地,面对低涉入产品或预先态度差的不熟悉品牌相关高诊断力负面网络口碑时,消费者易受信息影响。     

产品伤害事件对消费者品牌忠诚度的影响机制研究

本文从产品伤害事件的感知损失程度的角度,研究了产品伤害事件的感知损失程度与品牌感知风险、品牌情感、品牌信任、品牌忠诚之间的关系。文章认为,产品伤害事件中的感知损失与感知风险正相关,与品牌情感、品牌信任负相关;感知风险与品牌情感、品牌信任负相关;品牌情感、品牌信任与品牌忠诚正相关。产品伤害事件对品牌忠诚度影响的机制是产品伤害事件以及与该事件相关的各项信息形成消费者的感知损失与感知风险,进而影响品牌情感与品牌信任,最后导致品牌忠诚度的改变。文章提出,在产品伤害事件不幸发生后,最佳的处理方式是尽量通过各种可能的措施使消费者感到本公司值得信赖,相信公司能够在未来避免此类事件再次发生,能够确保消费者的利益,从而减少消费者对该品牌的疑虑,减弱对该品牌的感知风险,只有这样才能尽量维持消费者对该品牌的喜爱与信任,并进而维持对该品牌的忠诚度。     

Cause-related marketing influence on consumer responses: The moderating effect of cause–brand fit

The traditional focus on the study of cause–brand fit in cause-related marketing (CrM) is that it is a mediator variable between consumer perceptions and subsequent responses. However, the literature is not conclusive on this point. This study adopts a new perspective, considering cause–brand fit as a moderator variable rather than a direct antecedent to consumer evaluations of CrM. Thus, the main objective of this research is to examine the moderator role of cause–brand fit in the influence of two corporate associations elicited in CrM (corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate ability (CA) associations) on brand attitude and two behavioural consumer responses (purchase intent and support to non-profit organisation (NPO)). For this, a theoretical model is proposed, and it is estimated with a sample of 595 Spanish consumers of insurance and personal hygiene and toiletries products. Results show that when consumers perceive high social cause–brand fit, the positive influence of CSR associations on the formation of brand attitude is amplified. However, when cause–brand fit is low, brand attitude is formed via CA associations. Finally, consumer behavioural responses in favour of the brand (i.e. purchase intent) and social cause (i.e. support to NPO) are reinforced in a context of high cause–brand perceived fit.     

A note on the role of cause type in cause-related marketing

This note examines an unexplored area of cause-related marketing: the influence of the cause category on consumer perceptions. The experiment shows that the four cause categories which represent the domain of charitable causes can have a differential effect on attitudes and purchase intention. The health cause category and human services cause category have a greater effect on attitude toward the cause than the animal or environmental cause categories when brand familiarity and cause importance were high. Only the human services category has a greater effect on attitude toward the alliance when brand familiarity and cause importance were high as well as when both were low. For attitude toward the brand and purchase intentions, there were no differences among the cause categories.     

The role of perceived value in vertical brand extensions of luxury and premium brands

Abstract

This study examines the role of perceived value in the relationship between brand attitude, perceived fit, extension attitude and consumers’ purchase intention of downscale vertical extensions of luxury and premium brands in two product categories: cars and shoes. Results from 236 individuals with different income levels show that extension attitude is positively related to purchase intention both directly and indirectly, via the perceived value of the extension; the latter is more strongly correlated than extension attitude to consumers’ purchase intention. Brand attitude is also positively associated with perceived value. Overall, perceived value partially mediates the relationships of brand attitude and of extension attitude with purchase intention. The product category affects the strength of some of the relationships in the model, including the role of fit.     

Brand placement repetition in a fictional text

This paper investigates the effect of brand name repetition on brand attitude in the context of a fictional text. Furthermore, it tests the moderating impact of brand familiarity, narrative transportation, and individual differences in need for cognition (NFC). Participants in an experiment read the full text of a real short-story, which featured the target brand. Brand name repetition and brand familiarity were systematically manipulated. The results show that brand name repetition affects attitude towards an unfamiliar brand and readers’ narrative transportation and NFC moderate this effect: Attitude towards the brand improves with repetition only when both transportation and NFC are relatively high. No effects were found for the familiar brand.     

Brand placement in text: the short- and long-term effects of placement modality and need for cognition

ABSTRACT

The present research explores how placing a brand name in the dialogue versus the narration of a fictional text (i.e. placement modality) affects brand attitude and purchase intention. Moreover, it studies the moderating role of need for cognition (NFC) and measures brand responses both immediately after exposure and two weeks later. As predicted, encountering a brand name in the dialogue as compared to in the narration of a story is associated with lower brand attitudes for readers with high NFC at both measurement points. Purchase intentions are similarly affected, but the effects are only significant at a delay. In contrast, brand evaluations of readers with low NFC are largely unaffected by placement modality.     

Beyond brand attitude: Individual drivers of purchase for symbolic cobranded products

Cobranding, or the use of two brand names on a single product, generally coincides with higher purchase intentions. Prior research focuses on ingredient co-branding and suggests that attitude toward both the primary and the secondary brands and congruence between the brands are important drivers of cobranded products' success. This research shows that self-congruity with the secondary brand and need for uniqueness have significant positive impacts on symbolic co-branding purchase, in addition to perceived congruence and attitude toward the primary brand. In contrast, attitude toward the secondary brand does not relate to purchase of symbolic cobranded products. Therefore, managers should rely on self-congruity, instead of attitude toward the secondary brand, when choosing a partner for symbolic cobranded products. Moreover, product category involvement enhances the impact of self-congruity on purchase intent.     

产品伤害危机属性对横向溢出效应的影响研究——产品相似性和企业声誉的调节作用

产品伤害危机不仅会降低危机产品的销售,还可能负面影响非危机产品,形成横向溢出效应。文章归纳提出产品伤害危机危害性、责任性、无德性、违约性和频发性等五个主要属性,探索这五个属性对产品伤害危机横向溢出的影响,并识别出企业声誉和产品相似性两个重要的调节变量。研究发现,危害性、无德性和责任性较高的产品伤害危机更容易产生横向溢出,企业声誉和产品相似性仅能调节部分产品伤害危机属性对横向溢出的影响,并且它们具有双重调节作用。     

Effects of Negative Brand Information: Measuring Impact of Celebrity Identification and Brand Commitment

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the relationship between negative brand publicity and a celebrity endorser. First, it explores whether identification with a celebrity moderates the relationship between negative brand publicity and evaluation of a celebrity endorser and a brand. Second, it delves into whether consumers’ brand commitment moderates the relationship between negative brand publicity and evaluation of a celebrity endorser and a brand. And the study poses the research question, “Does negative brand information impact consumer evaluation of a celebrity endorser, a brand, and purchase intention?” A 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The two factors are level of identification with a celebrity endorser (low or high identification) and level of brand commitment (low vs. high brand commitment). The study found that negative brand publicity had negative impacts on the celebrity endorser, brand evaluation, and purchase intention.     

Modeling the Effects of Green Advertising on Brand Image: Investigating the Moderating Effects of Product Involvement Using Structural Equation

ABSTRACT

?This experimental study examined consumers’ response to green advertising for high- and low-involvement products by measuring its effect on consumers’ intention to purchase such brands. The present study enhances our understanding of the moderating role of product involvement and extends the structural equation tests of the four causal models. A dataset of 169 respondents is used to examine the role of brand image and brand attitude in the context of green advertisements. Consistent with earlier findings, the suggested model provides a good fit of the data and results indicate that positive attitude toward green advertisements, brand image, and attitude toward the brand enhances the chances of consumers’ purchase intention of such brands. The study also verifies that product involvement moderates the positive relationship between attitude toward green advertisements and brand image such that at higher levels of product involvement, attitude toward green advertisements has a stronger effect on brand image.