家族企业创业导向影响因素研究述评

在日益动荡和复杂的市场环境中,家族企业如何通过创业导向来构建和保持竞争优势,是当前备受理论界和实践界关注的重点议题之一。文章在梳理大量相关文献的基础上,从个体、组织(企业)、家族和外部环境四个方面较为系统地归纳和总结了影响家族企业创业导向的因素,并对该领域的未来研究进行了展望,以供学术研究和企业管理实践参考。     

家族企业的再创业研究——以方太集团为例

家族企业在经历了将近30年的繁盛发展阶段之后,创业初期的主业已处于萎缩状态,家族企业的营业利润正在慢慢缩水。面临经济"新常态"的转型挑战,家族企业领导人必须继承发扬新时代商业文明,不断创新,顺应"大众创业,万众创新"的潮流,进行战略上的转型,实施再创业,改良中国家族企业的基因。其中,定位、品牌、用户、文化等都是影响再创业成功的关键因素。文章将以方太集团再创业成功的个案为例,研究总结家族企业的再创业过程。     

家族企业创业转型的复合式生命周期

本文针对家族企业较短的生命周期,提出了适合中国家族企业特殊生命周期特征的创业转型期和复合式生命周期的概念。家族企业为了持续发展从家族式管理模式发展为现代化企业管理模式,就必须要经过一个创业转型期,从而走出具有自己特色的复合式生命周期。     

女性家族企业继任者接班再创业最新研究进展

21世纪,我国的家族企业步入稳定的发展战略期,家族企业的治理遭遇瓶颈。女性家族企业接班人正逐步走上接班的舞台,在此基础上不断创业的问题骤然严重。围绕女性家族企业继任者的接班再创业问题,现有文献从四个方面进行了探索:第一,女性家族企业继任者的领导风格与男性差异;第二,女性家族企业继任者在创业过程中遇到的问题研究;第三,女性作为领导者的独特优势研究;第四,对女性家族企业继任者接班与未来创业的展望。本文将从这四个方面对既有文献进行梳理和归纳。     

从创业导向到跨国创业导向:一个文献综述

中国企业的国际化战略,已逐渐聚焦于"在全球范围创造新的价值",其实质正是一种跨国创业行为,传统的围绕动机、阶段、模式展开的国际化理论已不足以解释及指导中国企业的国际化实践。本文从"创业导向的定义和维度"、创业导向维度和组织绩效的测度方法,创业导向与组织绩效的关系、"跨国创业导向"等四方面对国内外相关研究进行了综述。并指出现有跨国创业导向研究存在"套用封闭环境下的创业导向研究框架"、"未区分不同规模、不同发展阶段国际化企业的跨国创业导向差异"、"对时滞因素和前因变量等缺乏关注"等不足之处。     

以创新创业为导向的电子商务教学改革探究

在各个创业行业中,电子商务的创业成本属于较低的一类,但是同时该行业却有着较高的创业成功率,因而电子商务专业的学生学习创新创业对其将来的就业和创业都十分有利。本文以创新创业为导向开展创新创业教育的高职电子商务专业实践教学体系,同时提出校企的深化合作和改革评价实践创新等多项建议,探究电子商务创业教学的改革方法。     

创业导向研究回顾

首先介绍了创业导向的来源及定义,接着阐释了创业导向的结构和内涵,并分析了创新驱动、行动领先、风险承担、积极竞争和自主性等五个维度的特征;最后对创业导向和创业精神、创业意向等概念进行了辨析。     

创业导向研究回顾

首先介绍了创业导向的来源及定义,接着阐释了创业导向的结构和内涵,并分析了创新驱动、行动领先、风险承担、积极竞争和自主性等五个维度的特征;最后对创业导向和创业精神、创业意向等概念进行了辨析。     

创业意愿如何转化为创业行为？——基于行动-状态导向作用的研究

创业意愿转化为创业行为才具有重要的现实意义。文章以大学生为对象,在理论研究的基础上,构建行动-状态导向调节创业意愿与创业行为关系的理论模型,运用滚雪球式非随机便利抽样法进行间隔1年时间的两个阶段调查,通过分层回归分析法等进行数据分析和假设检验。研究发现,创业意愿对创业行为具有显著正向预测作用,行动导向的“脱离”“主动”和“持续”维度分别强化创业意愿与创业行为的正向关系;而状态导向的“执着”“犹豫”和“短暂”维度分别弱化创业意愿与创业行为的正向关系。研究结果表明,在个人具有行动导向时创业意愿更能转化为创业行为,行动导向这种个人特质为创业意愿转化为创业行为提供了充分条件。以此为基础,对公共部门和大学生个人提出了策略建议。     

ESG表现与家族企业长期导向

基于治理效应和资源效应双重视角,利用华证ESG评级的指标数据,考察ESG表现对家族企业长期导向的影响.研究结果表明:家族企业的ESG表现越好,其长期导向越强;家族管理涉入和市场化环境会削弱ESG表现对家族企业长期导向的正向影响.对ESG的分项指标进行研究后发现,相对于公司治理表现,环境保护表现和社会责任表现对家族企业长期导向的影响更明显.作用机制检验结果显示,ESG表现通过减少代理问题增强了家族企业的长期导向动机,通过缓解融资约束提高了家族企业的长期导向能力.     

Assessments on the competency model of senior managers of family firms in China

Based on the critical behavioral event interviews with 18 senior managers of family firms, the current study developed a competency model for senior managers of family firms in China. The primary findings are as follows. First, using the Critical Behavioral Event Interview (BEI) to develop the competency model of senior managers, the occurrence frequency and mean level scores of competencies are comparatively stable measures and the competencies’ maximal level scores are influenced by interview length. The study also found that both mean level scores and maximal level scores can differentiate superior senior managers from average senior managers of family firms. Second, the competency model of senior managers of family firms in China includes 11 competencies, namely authority orientation, initiative, opportunity-seizing, information seeking, organizational awareness, direction, benevolence orientation, self-control, self-confidence, self-learning, and impact and influence. Among them, nine competencies are consistent with those of the generic competency model of senior managers of Western enterprises and five with those of the generic competency model of senior managers of state-owned firms in China. Our results revealed that the authority orientation and benevolence orientation are the two competencies unique to the senior managers of family firms in China. __________ Translated from Xinli Xuebao 心理学报 (Acta Psychologica Sinica), 2004, 36(1): 110–115     

Barriers to Internationalisation: A Study of Entrepreneurial New Ventures in New Zealand

This paper presents the findings of a study of the perceptions of the barriers to internationalisation by 561 New Zealand Entrepreneurial New Ventures (ENVs). Significant differences in the perception of the barriers are identified according to the level of international activity of New Zealand ENVs. Exporters and likely exporters consider the main barriers to internationalisation to be finance and cost-related factors. A lack of New Zealand government incentives are also seen to be major barriers for these two groups with likely exporters also perceiving their lack of international experience to be a hindrance. By comparison non-exporters perceive firm size to be the biggest barrier to internationalisation followed by a lack of market knowledge and experience. Industry was found to have no influence on the perception of barriers to internationalisation, however, firm size does have an impact.     

A comparative analysis of the entrepreneurial orientation/growth relationship in service firms and manufacturing firms

This article builds on the recently increasingly mentioned notion that entrepreneurship in the service sector is a worthwhile, but clearly underresearched topic. Using a sample of 1,612 small- and medium-size enterprises from the four German-speaking countries Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein, and using structural equation modeling, this article finds that service firms have a significantly higher entrepreneurial orientation (EO) than manufacturing firms – both on the overall level as well as for each of the three sub-categories proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking. With regards to the positive relationship between a firm's EO and its growth aspirations, nevertheless, no significant differences could be identified. Accordingly, this study shows that EO is a strategic orientation of highest value for service firms as well, under the premise of growth-orientation.