媒体报道、融资约束与投资效率

本文以2006~2011年所有A股上市公司为样本,研究媒体报道对融资约束与投资效率的影响。研究发现,总报道数和正面报道有利于缓解融资约束,负面报道加剧了融资约束;媒体与投资效率方面,总报道和正面报道会缓解投资不足,并加剧过度投资,而负面报道的作用并不显著。     

融资约束、投资效率与融资渠道选择

研究融资约束影响企业的现金持有量、盈利能力、融资渠道与其投资效率,发现融资约束主要通过银行信贷途径影响企业投资效率,对股权融资途径影响较小。充分现金持有、盈利能力强能缓解企业的融资约束。在融资约束条件下,国有企业通过债务融资可以提高投资效率,非国有企业投资效率下降。在非融资约束条件下,非国有企业债务融资的投资效率提高。     

产业政策、融资约束与企业投资效率

本文基于双重差分模型(DID),从资金供给和资金需求两个方面动态地检验了省级政府发布的产业政策对当地上市公司融资约束程度的影响。研究结果表明:地方政府产业政策的出台加剧了辖区内上市公司的融资约束程度,并且这种影响在民营企业、金融市场发展程度较低地区的企业和不具有政治关联的企业中更为显著。进一步,本文探讨了产业政策的发布对企业投资效率的影响,结果发现产业政策的出台降低了企业的投资效率。本文研究发现地方政府产业政策的出台并未缓解公司的融资约束,同时降低了资本配置的效率,产业政策实施的效果并不理想。     

汇率预期、融资约束与企业对外直接投资决策Symbol`@@

基于跨国投资、风险决策和异质性企业理论,构建面板定序Logit回归模型,依据1163家中国制造业企业数据,考量汇率预期、融资约束对企业对外直接投资决策的影响。结果表明,人民币升值预期促进企业对外直接投资目的国多元化,人民币波动预期抑制企业对外直接投资目的国多元化。结合前景理论的分析表明,在人民币升值和贬值预期下,企业对外直接投资决策均呈现风险厌恶,但在人民币贬值预期下对汇率更为敏感。企业的融资约束程度、所有权性质通过调节企业对汇率预期的敏感程度,进而影响企业对外直接投资决策。融资约束程度提高会放大企业对汇率预期的敏感性,这一放大效果因企业所有权性质而异。     

会计稳健性、融资约束与投资效率

会计稳健性是一项备受争议的会计信息质量要求,考虑到我国企业普遍受融资约束影响的背景,本文以2007-2015年A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了会计稳健性、融资约束及投资效率之间的关系。研究发现:(1)会计稳健性对投资过度和投资不足均具有抑制作用,融资约束会抑制投资过度而加剧投资不足;(2)融资约束加强了会计稳健性对投资过度的抑制作用,二者在一定程度上存在协同效应;(3)融资约束加强了会计稳健性对投资不足的抑制作用,会计稳健性表现出治理效应。本文揭示了会计稳健性与融资约束的交互作用对投资效率的影响机制,从而提供了改善投资效率的有效途径,证明了会计稳健性存在的必要性,有利于为企业的决策提供理论指引。     

政府补贴、融资约束与资本配置效率研究——基于高端装备制造业上市公司数据

以2015—2020年A股高端装备制造业上市公司为样本,实证检验了政府补贴、融资约束与资本配置效率之间的关系。研究发现政府补贴缓解高端装备制造业企业的融资约束的同时对资本配置效率存在双向影响：缓解投资不足而加重过度投资;融资约束会加重投资不足而减少过度投资;两者复合“冲抵效应”在投资不足和过度投资层面存在不同;在不同市场化程度及所有权性质的样本中其显著性存在一定差异。研究结论为政府与企业的相关决策提供理论指引。     

现金股利、融资约束与企业非效率投资相关性文献综述

筹资、投资、资本运营、利润分配始终是企业可持续发展的生命主线,、融资约束可能影响投资决策,而利润分配又会影响初始筹资决策.基于此,本文将系统梳理融资约束、投资效率及利润分配三者之间的负责关系,从而为企业进行可行性融资决策提供理论基础与支撑.     

市场时机与中国上市公司投资行为——基于股权融资渠道的实证检验

文章选取中国A股市场2004-2009年面板数据,实证检验了中国市场时机影响公司投资的股权融资渠道,并深入分析了市场时机影响上市公司投资的机理过程及经济后果。结果表明,中国资本市场存在显著市场时机影响公司投资的股权融资渠道,通过分析市场时机对公司投资—现金流敏感度的影响,发现股权融资渠道在缓解融资约束公司投资不足的同时也造成了非融资约束公司的过度投资。最后,实证检验表明,市场时机对上市公司投资效率的影响显著为负。     

Market Feedback,Investment Constraints,and Managerial Behavior

This paper examines the joint role of market feedback and investment constraints on managerial behavior. Using a sample of UK fixed price initial public offerings, we show that underperformance of share returns at the IPO significantly affects managerial investment decisions in the period after the offering. Firms with better investment opportunities and proportionately lower fixed (higher intangible) assets are more sensitive to negative market feedback. Over the longer term, the more responsive firms perform significantly better than their non‐responsive counterparts. The findings contribute to the debate on the informational advantage of managers over investors and present strong evidence that the market, on aggregate, can provide a superior assessment of a firm's opportunities. Managers who are able to respond to negative market feedback can significantly improve their firm's future prospects.     

Investment and Financing Constraints: Evidence from the Funding of Corporate Pension Plans

I exploit sharply nonlinear funding rules for defined benefit pension plans in order to identify the dependence of corporate investment on internal financial resources in a large sample. Capital expenditures decline with mandatory contributions to DB pension plans, even when controlling for correlations between the pension funding status itself and the firm's unobserved investment opportunities. The effect is particularly evident among firms that face financing constraints based on observable variables such as credit ratings. Investment also displays strong negative correlations with the part of mandatory contributions resulting solely from unexpected asset market movements.     

信用风险缓释凭证对企业投资行为的影响——基于融资约束中介效应的实证研究

2018年以来,作为债券融资支持工具的信用风险缓释凭证(CRMW)在我国得到了快速发展。本文采用基于倾向得分匹配的双重差分模型(PSM-DID),利用中国企业数据检验了CRMW产品对企业投资行为的影响。结果显示,我国信用风险缓释凭证的发行促进了非上市企业投资,并且这种促进作用对于融资约束较强的企业更为显著。本文还对CRMW产品通过缓解融资约束促进企业投资的渠道进行了检验,结果发现,CRMW产品对企业融资的促进作用主要体现在信贷融资渠道而非债券渠道。本文结论有助于深化对中国当前资本市场中信用风险缓释凭证的作用效果与作用机制的解读,为政策制定者利用该产品解决民营企业融资难、融资贵的问题提供了更充分的决策参考依据。     

融资约束、金融市场化与制造业企业出口国内增加值率

融资约束是制约中国企业发展的一个关键性因素。本文系统地检验了融资约束对制造业企业出口国内增加值率(DVAR)的影响和机制以及金融市场化在该影响中的调节作用。研究结果发现:(1)融资约束显著抑制了制造业企业出口DVAR的提升,这一结果在考虑测量误差和内生性问题后依然稳健。(2)影响机制检验结果显示,技术创新是融资约束抑制制造业企业出口DVAR提升的重要机制。(3)异质性分析显示加工贸易企业、民营企业和外资企业、低生产率企业、东部地区企业的融资约束对其出口DVAR提升的抑制作用较大。(4)金融市场化进程中的利率市场化能够有效缓解融资约束对制造业企业出口DVAR提升的抑制作用,而影子银行规模扩张则加重了融资约束对制造业企业出口DVAR提升的抑制作用。因此,缓解制造业企业的融资约束,提升其技术创新能力,推进并完善金融市场化水平是提升中国制造业出口DVAR,增强外贸获利水平的重要途径。     

Financial Development and Financing Constraints: International Evidence from the Structural Investment Model

This article provides evidence that financial development impactsgrowth by reducing financing constraints that would otherwisedistort efficient allocation of investment. The financing constraintsare inferred from the investment Euler equation by assumingthat the firm's stochastic discount factor is a function ofthe firm's financial position (specifically, the stock of liquidassets). The magnitude of the changes in the cost of capitalis twice as large in a country with a low level of financialdevelopment as in a country with an average level of financialdevelopment. The size effect, business cycles, and legal environmenteffects are also considered.     

Market Implied Ratings and Financing Constraints: Evidence from US Firms

Financing constraints have been found to play an important role in several aspects of firm behavior, but no attention has been given to their effects on credit ratings. In this paper we analyze a unique and comprehensive data set for US firms rated by Fitch over the period 2001–07. We employ Fitch's market implied ratings derived from bond and equity prices. The analysis finds evidence that financial variables are more important in predicting credit ratings for firms likely to face financing constraints. We conclude that the financing constraint is an important dimension in the market implied ratings process. Our findings are of relevance to managers, investors and rating agencies seeking to understand the mechanism through which financing constraints affect credit ratings.     

Cross-Subsidies, External Financing Constraints, and the Contribution of the Internal Capital Market to Firm Value

We examine the link between the excess value of a diversifiedfirm and the value of its internal capital market. Subsidiesto small financially constrained segments with good relativeinvestment opportunities significantly increase excess value,while transfers of resources from segments with good relativeinvestment opportunities significantly decrease excess value.Of interest is that subsidies to small financially constrainedsegments with poor relative investment opportunities also significantlyincrease excess value. However, there is little evidence thatthis result depends on the diversity of a firm's investmentopportunities. We conclude that financing constraints drivethe relationship between the internal capital market and firmvalue.     

高管薪酬粘性、风险承担与企业投资效率——管理者权力与融资约束的调节作用

本文选取2010―2019年中国A股上市公司数据,实证分析了高管薪酬粘性对企业投资效率的影响及其作用机制。研究表明:(1)高管薪酬粘性对企业投资效率具有负向影响,会加剧企业过度投资,由此加大非效率投资及降低投资效率。(2)高管薪酬粘性对企业投资效率的负向影响仅对“奖优-低惩劣”薪酬契约有效。相对于非国有、高估值与制造业企业,高管薪酬粘性对国有、低估值与非制造业企业投资效率的负向影响更为显著。(3)管理者权力的提高会加剧高管薪酬粘性对企业投资效率的负向影响,加剧高管权力寻租引发的薪酬补偿效应,由此稀释薪酬奖惩对业绩变动的敏感度。融资约束程度的提高会减弱高管薪酬粘性对企业投资效率的负向影响,这种负向影响主要针对投资不足企业,对过度投资企业不显著。(4)风险承担在高管薪酬粘性与企业投资效率的关系中承担着中介作用,高管薪酬粘性通过影响企业风险承担来影响企业投资效率,“高管薪酬粘性-风险承担-企业投资效率”的传导渠道有效。