我国投资者保护立法现状研究

健全的投资者保护制度是促进证券市场持续健康发展之基。我国立法与司法实践逐步彰显出对投资者保护的重视。就立法而言,我国基本建立了投资者保护立法体系,具体包括宪法法律制度、公司法律制度、证券法律制度、中介机构法律制度以及行政法规与部门规章。     

中国资本市场投资者适当性规则的完善——兼论《证券法》中投资者适当性规则的构建

投资者适当性作为海外成熟资本市场普遍存在的重要监管规则,通过调整证券金融机构的金融产品销售行为,保护投资者的利益。适当性源于上世纪美国的自律组织规范,现已发展为监管规则并成为证券经纪商应承担的重要义务。此后,欧盟、日本以及我国香港资本市场相继在立法中确立适当性规则以保护投资者。上述立法例为我国《证券法》修改提供了全新的理念和思路。本文在系统梳理、分析域外经验的基础上,展开构建我国法中适当性规则的有益探索。     

十年一剑磨砺出——创业板市场投资者适当性管理工作纪实

“原则一小步,理念一大步” 在我国创业板市场建设中,投资者适当性管理是一项创新的制度设计。在境外成熟市场,适当性管理已成为金融机构对客户的日常服务和推荐产品的普遍性原则,除了即将推出的日本Tokyo—Aim市场明确定位为专业投资者市场外,其他境外创业板市场并没有订立针对投资者参与资质的专门规定。     

我国场外衍生品市场适当性规则的立法研究

根据金融十二五规划,我国场外衍生品市场将获得更充分的发展,适当性规则作为场外衍生品投资者保护制度中不可或缺的组成要件,重要性日益突出,内涵也将与时俱进。目前我国场外衍生品市场适当性规则的法制现状主要存在银行立法过于原则、证券立法门类繁多、客户分类易成为金融机构限制交易的手段、尽职调查义务重形式、轻实质等问题。对此,参考借鉴发达资本市场关于客户分类、尽职调查义务和法律责任等方面的立法经验,构建并完善我国场外衍生品市场适当性规则的法律制度体系。     

规制证券短线交易法律制度的现存问题与对策

起源于美国的上市公司内部人短线交易(short-swing trading)收益归入权制度,是证券内幕交易法律规制制度的一个重要组成部分,其立法目的在于通过对上市公司内部人的短线交易收益予以归入这一威慑手段,建立内幕交易的事先防范和吓阻机制,以维持投资者对资本市场公正性和公平性的信赖,保障资本市场的健康、有序发展。本文试从投资者权益保护的视角,在对我国现行的相关法律制度、司法和监管实践进行研究分析的基础上,借鉴美国、日本、韩国、台湾地区等境外成熟市场的成功经验,提出了完善我国短线交易法律规制制度的若干建议与对策。     

投资者适当性制度构建:国际经验与本土选择

投资者适当性制度对投资者保护、完善券商内部治理、减少系统性金融风险、促进金融创新等方面都有重要作用。然而,实践中还存在着投资者分类保护与现实脱节、投资者权利救济难以实现等现实问题,投资者适当性制度仍具有讨论价值。投资者适当性制度起源于美国,美国证监会以"买者有责"为核心,形成了以代理理论、特殊情况理论和信义义务理论为内容的适当性理论基础,而我国投资者适当性的理论基础应当是在信赖利益理论的基础上对美国理论基础的延伸与发展。国外的投资者适当性制度在客户适当性、投资者教育、投资者权利救济方面形成了较为完整的规则体系。我国投资者适当性制度在上述方面虽有一定发展,但在实践层面仍存在一定的问题。我国投资者适当性制度今后的发展重点应更多放在立法模式选择、投资者分类制度、投资者教育机制、投资者权利救济方面。     

合格境外机构投资者(QFII)监管模式的转变:从事前监管到事后监管

合格境外机构投资者是我国引入的一项证券市场开放前的过渡性制度.随着人民币国际化的发展,合格境外机构投资者事前监管制度显现出一些弊端.本文结合印度、韩国和我国台湾地区等新兴市场经济体事后监管制度的经验,论证了我国合格境外机构投资者的监管模式亟待从事前监管转向事后监管,并建立有效的事后监管机制.     

证券交易所自律监管罚款制度比较研究北大核心

证券交易所自律监管罚款制度在维护证券上市、交易秩序,矫正上市公司、证券商会员的违法违规行为,以及保护投资者合法权益方面发挥着重要的作用。境外部分成熟市场和新兴市场将证券交易所对违法违规上市公司、证券商会员进行纪律处分的权能纳入证券立法之中,并且从确定违规行为与罚款标准、建立处分和解机制、对逾期滞纳罚款进行进一步处置等方面着手,完善自律监管罚款的运行机制。从境外市场经验看,证券交易所自律监管罚款制度面临的司法争议点主要包括:先自律处分后行政处罚是否违反一事不再罚原则,自律监管相对人欠缴罚款能否通过司法程序征缴,以及法院是否应该介入自律监管罚款。为进一步完善我国证券交易所自律监管制度,建议在《证券法》中赋予交易所自律监管罚款权能,完善运行机制、增强交易所自律监管罚款制度的可操作性,同时设置监督程序,减少自律监管罚款权能误用和滥用的风险。     

我国证券公司破产中投资者保护问题研究

保护投资者合法权益是证券公司破产中的重要内容。本文剖析了美国证券公司清算程序中投资者保护的立法和实践，概括了SIPA体制下投资者保护的具体制度安排。以美国为借鉴，从立法和操作层面上提出了完善我国证券公司破产中保护投资者的若干对策。在立法上，尽快制定《金融机构破产实施办法》和《证券投资者保护法》。在操作上，确立适当的客户确认标准、及时发布冻结令、迅速转移或出售客户账户、明确债权申报的期限和主体范围、赋予客户对债权甄别确认结果的异议权，加强部门之间的分工协作、适当引进商业保险。     

原油期货境外投资右编码与监管问题

我国要推动原油期货参与国际原油市场定价,成为亚太地区原油贸易的基准价格,这就要求我国的原油期货市场吸引境内外投资者广泛参与,因此,解决境外投资者交易编码与国内不一致的问题是前提条件.本文探讨了境外投资者参与我国原油期货市场的相关路径,并着重从制度设计、日常监管等方面对综合账户与一户一码制度进行了深入研究分析,对原油期货引入境外投资者进行有效监管,为确保期货市场持续稳健发展提供相关建议.     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.