大数据时代基于云会计的中小企业短期经营决策

能否有效地组织生产经营活动、充分利用现有的资源和经营环境,对企业的短期经营决策有着重要的影响。在分析大数据时代云会计对中小企业生产决策和定价决策影响的基础上,建立了基于云会计的中小企业短期经营决策框架模型,并从企业生产决策和定价决策两方面阐述了大数据、云会计在中小企业短期经营决策中的应用实施。     

资源耗用模型与传统短期经营决策比较分析

一、资源耗用模型与传统短期经营决策基本原理比较短期经营决策一般是指对一年期内的生产经营活动所进行的决策。传统的短期经营决策常用方法有贡献毛益分析法、差别分析法、相关成本分析法和成本平衡点分析法。随着市场竞争的日益激烈和企业内部经营环境、制造环境的持续转变,传统方法已难以适应。而以作业成本计算为基础的作业成本管理,不仅能够提供各种     

企业盈亏平衡分析的扩展模型

盈亏平衡分析(Breakeven Analysis)作为企业短期经营决策的一种简便分析方法,已被广泛地应用于企业的生产计划设计,成本控制和投资项目选择等方面的决策活动。但因受其前提假定的限制:一是不确定因素在相关范围内,取常数值,二是决策分析中涉及的数据仅在相关范围内有效,三是企业生产的产与销必须平衡,造成传统的盈亏平衡分析在实际运用     

临界点业务量法在生产决策中的应用

经营决策是现代企业管理的重要内容 ;短期经营决策在经营决策中是大量的、经常性的决策活动。在市场经济环境下 ,乡镇企业根据不断变化的市场情况 ,必须及时调整经营策略 ,经常要在需求量不确定情形下进行各种生产决策。这时就不能沿用传统的差别损益法、相关损益法及单位资源贡献法等 ,而应该应用临界点业务量法进行生产决策。临界点业务量法在生产决策中常用成本无差别法 ,即在各个备选方案的相关收入均为零 ,相关业务量为一不确定因素时 ,通过判断处于不同水平上的业务量与成本无差别点业务量之间的关系 ,来作出互斥方案决策的方法。成本…     

管理会计中Excel的高级应用——生产经营最优化决策模型设计与应用

正短期经营决策中经常遇到最优化决策问题,如多品种条件下的最优生产组合问题、最优定价决策问题、多目标决策问题、最优运输方案问题、最优选址问题、最优库存问题等。对于最优化问题,通常运用运筹学方法进行计算分析和决策。但该方法对于一般会计人员而言较为复杂且不容易理解,影响了最优化决策的效率。Excel为管理会计的最优化决策提供了方便的工具。本文将通过实例来设计最优化决策模型。因为前面文章已经对最优存货决策模型的设计     

上市公司股利分配倾向实证研究

一、研究背景(一)国内外文献综述股利分配政策在上市公司的经营决策中起着至关重要的作用,不仅关系到大小股东、投资者等各方的利益,还关系到公司的长远发展。因此,上市公司非常重视股利分配政策的制定,通常需要考虑各种相关的影响因素来作出决策。从目前的许多研究来看,很多因素都对上市公司管理层制定股利分配     

企业财务困境的内外影响因素分析

一、内部影响因素分析 （一）经营决策企业经营的成败通常取决于策略运用的是否得当。经营决策为企业总体发展和主要经营活动确立目标,是企业管理的重心,其核心与根本任务是为提高企业的经济效益服务。经营决策关系着企业的战略与方针、运作与管理、市场开发与营销、技术发展与投资、资源开发与利用、产品开发与定价以及风险防范等问题,失败的决策常常会将企业带人财务困境。     

上市公司股利分配倾向实证研究

一、研究背景 （一）国内外文献综述股利分配政策在上市公司的经营决策中起着至关重要的作用,不仅关系到大小股东、投资者等各方的利益,还关系到公司的长远发展。因此,上市公司非常重视股利分配政策的制定,通常需要考虑各种相关的影响因素来作出决策。从目前的许多研究来看,很多因素都对上市公司管理层制定股利分配政策存在着重要作用。     

“营改增”试点企业的应变之道

“营改增”的持续扩围是财税改革的重点，这将给企业的经营决策带来重大影响。本文从“营改增”持续扩围对企业经营模式的影响、对企业购买决策的影响、对企业销售决策的影响出发，分析了企业财务人员在经营模式、购买环节、销售环节的管理重点，建议把财务人员的工作融入企业经营决策之中。     

变动成本法在小微企业生产决策中的应用

本文从变动成本法的基本理论出发,结合小微企业在生产经营中常常面临短期决策的需要,以举例的方式探讨变动成本法在小微企业短期生产决策中能得到较好应用,最后提出应在小微企业提高经营决策能力等方面加大对小微企业的扶持。     

A combined approach using AHP and DEMATEL for evaluating success factors in implementation of green supply chain management in Indian manufacturing industries

The present work aims to evaluate the success factors (SFs) associated with the implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) from the Indian manufacturing industry perspective. Initially, 24 SFs relevant to GSCM adoption and implementation were identified from the literature and inputs received from relevant experts. Subsequently, a structural model was proposed by means of combining the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach to evaluate these SFs at the tactical, operational and strategic levels in GSCM adoption. The AHP method helps in determining the relative importance/priorities of the SFs to GSCM adoption. In addition, the DEMATEL method captures the interactive relationships among the SFs, and analyses them on the basis of causal effect mapping. The model proposed can help industrial managers/practitioners to formulate short-term as well as long-term flexible decision strategies in efficiently managing a green supply chain.     

对外报告变化对管理决策行为影响的试验分析

本文主要验证在我国现行报告制度下,公司对外报告次数变化导致公司管理当局进行决策的选择行为。由于外部报告产生的资本市场压力会直接或间接影响管理人员的决策行为和决策动机,当决策项目产生的会计盈余时与公司未来长期盈余之间存在矛盾,管理者在进行项目决策时,面临外部报告的资本市场压力,内部代理问题和财务分析师的盈利预测相关因素影响,管理者通常选择短期利润最大化的项目而不是选择长期盈余最大项目,从而导致公司管理层的决策短期化。     

Decision making in the beer game and supply chain performance

The beer game has been used to emphasize, investigate, and analyze supply chain inefficiencies as well as the effect of decision makers’ biases. This paper investigates the short- and long-run performance in the beer distribution game by analyzing Sterman’s (Manag Sci 35(3): 321–339, 1989) model that simulates decision-making. In this model, the system may have chaotic behavior depending on the heuristics used by decision makers. We investigate how quickly the system reaches a steady state (if at all). It is known that ignoring supply line (outstanding orders) leads to the bullwhip effect in experimental research. Among other results, we show that the short-term performance of a supply chain is not a predictor of the long-term performance even when decision makers fully recognize outstanding orders. Results of the simulation and practical implications are discussed.     

Agency-Theory and Internal-Labor-Market Explanations of Bonus Payments: Empirical Evidence from Spanish Firms

This paper combines agency theory and internal-labor-market theories to explain the determinants of bonus payments among a large sample of top and middle managers from Spanish firms. A distinction is made between the decision whether to pay bonus or not and the size of the bonus. The empirical evidence confirms that the two decisions are determined by different factors. The results of the analysis show a trade-off between short-term and long-term incentives (bonuses and promotion opportunities) as well as differences in the pattern of compensation policies across economic sectors and functional areas inside the firm.     

Organizational adaptation to disruptions in the natural environment: The case of climate change

Dynamic and intensified changes in the global ecosystem result in significant disruptions to the natural environment. One of the most prominent examples of this is climate change and the resulting natural disasters. As firms are embedded within the natural environment, they need to adapt to any environmental disruptions that transpire. Using Swiss and Austrian electric utilities as case studies, this paper empirically explores the underlying organizational capabilities necessary to enable adaptation to climate-related disruptions to a firm's resource supply, production processes, and product distribution. Through a case- and literature-based iterative process of analytical induction, three organizational capabilities are derived: climate knowledge absorption as an essential information generating and internalizing capability, climate-related operational flexibility as a short-term adjustment capability, and strategic climate integration as a long-term, innovation-focused capability.     

大数据时代医院图书馆发展定位研究

大数据技术的发展,医院图书馆需不断改进服务模式,提高服务水平。本文从大数据的特点入手,针对医院服务对象和医学数据的特点,提出医院图书馆应构建适应大数据时代的生态系统。随着基于大数据的医疗决策技术的发展,医院图书馆短期发展定位是从文献服务中心逐步转变为数据服务中心,长期定位是成为医疗决策辅助中心。     

基于重心法与物流量预测的物流园区选址

在研究物流园区选址理论的基础上,为使物流运输成本最小和物流园区的建设符合长远发展,在对物流园区选址时使用理论中的重心法并建立相应选址数学模型,将数学模型与趋势外推预测法预测的物流园区物流量结合,在定量的基础上计算得到物流园区的选址位置,同时为精确地得到选址位置开发了基于重心法的选址模型软件。最后通过吉木乃县物流园区选址说明该方法的可行性。     

On the unique features of post-disaster humanitarian logistics

Logistic activity can be thought of as a socio-technical process whereby a social network of individuals orchestrates a series of technical activities using supporting systems such as transportation and communications. To understand the functioning of the entire system requires proper consideration of all its components. We identify seven key components: the objectives being pursued, the origin of the commodity flows to be transported, knowledge of demand, the decision-making structure, periodicity and volume of logistic activities, and the state of the social networks and supporting systems. Based on our analysis of the differences between commercial and humanitarian logistics, we pinpoint research gaps that need to be filled to enhance both the efficiency of humanitarian logistics and the realism of the mathematical models designed to support it.We argue that humanitarian logistics is too broad a field to fit neatly into a single definition of operational conditions. At one end of the spectrum we find humanitarian logistic efforts of the kind conducted in long-term disaster recovery and humanitarian assistance, where operational efficiency – akin to commercial logistics – is a prime consideration. At the other, post-disaster humanitarian logistic operations involved in disaster response and short-term recovery activities represent a vastly different operational environment, often in chaotic settings where urgent needs, life-or-death decisions and scarce resources are the norm. The huge contrast between these operational environments requires that they be treated separately.     

Representatives of future generations as promoters of sustainability in corporate decision processes

Current protests of the young generation emphasize that interests of future generations should be taken more into account by policy makers and in corporate decision processes. As organizations contribute to enduring environmental and social problems, they are required to promote sustainability in order to preserve options for the well-being of future generations. However, organizational decision makers often take a short-term perspective and neglect investments in intergenerational justice. Previous theoretical work has acknowledged the importance of representing future generations in today's decision-making processes to adopt a long-term perspective in order to promote intergenerational justice. In a laboratory experiment, we show that appointing representatives of future generations at the organizational level can foster investments in intergenerational justice. Although this outcome is more pronounced when aligned with the representatives' individual incentives, it even persists for a representative who is monetarily penalized for advocating the interests of future generations.     

浅谈新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)对经济的影响

中国新型冠状病毒肺炎事件虽然还没有结束,但是它对中国和世界来说都属于“黑天鹅”事件,对国际和国内的经济状况和发展都有短期和长期影响。