新生代农民工就业困境及对策探析

新生代农民工已成为国家产业工人的主体,但目前他们仍然面临许多困境,如缺乏正规就业渠道、基本社会保障和市民化待遇等,为此,政府应该采取相应有效的措施如加快户籍制度改革、完善新生代农民工的社会保障、社会救助体系、加大职业教育、培训投入,全面提高新生代农民工素质来保障他们的就业权利。     

城市高龄农民工社会救助基金建立与管控措施

现阶段,中国中老年农民工的数量近1.2亿人,这些高龄农民工用勤劳的双手创造了中国奇迹的诞生,但他们绝大多数现仍游走于城乡之间与城际之间,更容易遭遇到如失业、疾病、居无住所等社会风险。但就我国目前经济水平,政府组织实施针对城市高龄农民工的社会保障,只能坚持"保基本"的方针。本文认为,我国应先针对城市高龄农民工建立农民工社会救助的专项救助制度,设立专门社会救助基金,重视机构管控同时加大社会救助政策的宣传力度,同时也使农民工对城市社会救助认知提高。后再适时将其纳入城市最低生活保障,建立全国性的高龄农民工社会救助信息平台。     

农民工就业相关问题研究综述

农民工问题的实质是就业问题,就业问题是衍生其他农民工问题的基础。本文对近年来有关农民工就业相关问题的研究进行了综述,包括农民工就业基本状况、职业流动、社会资本与农民工就业、最低工资等方面。     

农民工就业适应性状况调查——以郑州市为例

就业问题是农村转移人口市民化面临的首要问题。通过对河南省农民工就业现状及适应性进行调查,了解农民工就业环境、就业种类、职业技能、工资待遇、就业心理、就业稳定等方面的适应性,结合农民工就业实际状况,对农民工就业的倾向性、以及就业适应的强度进行等级测量,找到就业稳定性的影响因素及影响力度,有助于政府有关部门和企业规范就业环境,制定促进农民工稳定就业的政策、措施。     

从本地务工农民工隐性收益视角分析90后新生代农民工回乡就业现象——以温江区永宁镇为例

90后新生代农民工是指出生在1990年以后,以非农就业为主的农村户籍劳动力。他们是新时代下成长起来的一个特殊农民工群体,拥有着老一代农民工问题的传承,又具有自身的特殊性。文章通过对成都市温江县永宁镇90后新生代农民工回乡就业情况的调查,运用隐性收益视角对新生代农民工的回乡就业倾向、就业状况、就业发展等方面进行分析,找出影响90后新生代农民工回乡就业的隐性收益因素,对于当前吸引技术型劳动力投入西部开发建设具有重要意义。     

提高农民工的创业就业能力

就业是民生之本,农民工进城后,由于缺乏文化素质和职业技能,再加上观念问题、制度及就业服务滞后等制约因素,往往面临就业难问题。要把促进农民就业作为根本之策,采取有效措施,提高农民工就业技能和就业质量,积极鼓励农民工以创业带动就业。     

论宪法平等权对农民工平等就业权的约束

农民工就业受到户籍制度限制、行政权力干预以及立法不完善等多方面因素的影响存在不平等现象。要走出我国农民工不平等就业困境,应改革户籍制度,依法确认农民工平等的劳动者身份;逐步建立健全相关法律法规和违宪审查制度以及完善农民工平等就业权的保障机制。     

西部新型城镇化进程中农民工就业问题探析

农民工城镇就业是其市民化的基本前提,是新型城镇化建设的内在要求。四川成都作为西部重要城市,研究其农民工就业问题对于推进西部新型城镇化进程具有重要意义。本文以成都为例,通过对成都6个区的300份农民工就业状况的调研样本数据的分析得到影响成都农民工就业的因素依次为职业技能水平、工作时间、教育水平等,进而提出通过加强新生代职业技能培训,建立公共就业服务体系,贯彻地方就业、创业政策,加快区域产业集群发展以促进农民工就业的建议。     

农民工就业歧视法律问题研究

随着市场经济的发展,城市化进程的加剧,我国户籍制度下特有的＂农民工＂就业歧视现象严重。本文从我国法律法规对农民工就业歧视的规定,我国农民工就业歧视的现状、农民工就业歧视的原因以及解决农民工就业歧视的建议四部分论述。我国反就业歧视规定较为分散及原则性,对反就业歧视救济不利。从国家统计局＂2011年我国农民工调查监测报告＂图表分析出农民工受到就业机会歧视、就业待遇歧视以及就业保障歧视,产生这些歧视的原因在于农民工自身的文化原因、户籍制度背景以及法律救济不利。本文提出应该从法律制度和行政执行两方面完善反农民工就业歧视,保障农民工就业权利,促进社会和谐发展。     

基于就业主体视角的农民工就业质量的影响因素研究——以南京市为例

根据"南京市外来农民工劳动权益保障情况调查"数据,从劳动合同的签订、就业的稳定性以及工资水平三个方面,对农民工就业质量的影响因素的实证研究发现:从农民工本身的就业主体角度来看,在受教育程度、职业培训状况以及技能水平等人力资本方面具有优势的农民工,其就业的质量也较高。良好的社会资本有助于增强农民工的工作稳定性,但是对于劳动合同的签订以及工资水平没有显著的、积极的作用。     

Justice and Trust

With the demise of Marxism and socialism, the United States is becoming a model not merely for free enterprise, but also for employment practices worldwide. I believe that free enterprise is the least worst economic system, given the alternatives, a position I shall assume, but not defend, here. However, I shall argue, a successful free enterprise political economy does not entail mimicking US employment practices. I find even today in 1998, as I shall outline in more detail, these practices, when consistently carried out, by and large erode trust in the workplace, they are, on balance unfair to workers and managers, and, if Jeffrey Pfeffer is correct, they do not maximize long-term corporate earnings or growth. Getting clear on US employment practices and their weaknesses may help to shape other models for employment that neither contravene free enterprise nor are degrading to workers.     

Questionable Language in ‘Help Wanted’ Advertising: A Comparison of the Practices of Small and Large Newspapers

For 25 years the US Congress and the courts have expanded employment protection for workers. Despite such actions ‘help wanted’ (i.e., situations vacant) advertisements in newspapers utilize phrases and words which are questionable or overtly discriminatory. Previous studies have analysed the type and rates of incidence of such advertisements in large metropolitan areas. The present study expands earlier research by contrasting the practices of small and large newspapers. Recommendations are made regarding actions to provide fairer employment practices.     

生育保险政策中的社会性别意识与女性平等就业权

目前我国通过立法等多种手段保证女性在就业领域不会因为生育期、哺乳期等问题而遭受性别歧视。但事实上，即使有相关法律政策的保护，女性因生育问题而导致的性别歧视问题依然存在，且有愈演愈烈的趋势。将社会性别意识纳入生育保险政策的主流有助于从理念上转变生育保险政策制定的出发点，从而减少因生育问题而导致的就业领域性别歧视。     

透视“民工荒”——当前我国农村劳动力转移态势的人口经济学分析

改革开放以来沿海地区持续了二十多年的“民工潮”,近年来却悄然退去,演变成了令人震惊的“民工荒”。原因究竟何在?劳动力无限供给不等于有效供给,进城民工人力资本存量不足,在劳动力市场上缺乏就业竞争能力,“民工荒”表现为“数量荒”,实际上是“质量荒”,来源于民工的“教育荒”。从一定意义上说,“民工荒”反映的又是“权利荒”。善待民工,规范用工行为,切实维护民工的合法权益, 才能营造出一个留住民工的良好就业环境。     

大学生职业生涯规划中存在的问题与对策

针对目前大学生职业生涯规划中存在的问题,探讨在大学生中开展职业生涯规划的思路及策略,旨在帮助大学生尽早明确职业定位,并通过大学生和高校的共同努力,提高日后就业技能及竞争力.     

我国城市化进程中的企业社会责任探析

企业作为城市化进程中的经济主体,担负着不可推卸的社会责任。然而在我国的城市化进程中．由于企业社会责任在环境保护与就业两个维度上的缺失,是导致各种负面的社会矛盾和社会问题的关键因素。企业作为城市化进程中的主体,既是产生环境污染问题的直接原因．也是城市化进程中解决农民就业问题的主要力量。企业应从自身责任意识的强化、环保法律机制的完善、宣传教育力度的加强等方面提升企业环境保护责任;从平等的就业环境、健全的培训体系、政府的制度支持角度提升企业就业责任。     

New Work Forms: How to Integrate Them in Our Social Insurances

The increase in the group of atypical workers means that their social security protection needs reviewing. How far should we go in approaching social security for self-employed workers, flex workers, crowd workers and all new employment relationships differently? This will depend on the number of elements in respect to which the atypical employment relationship differs from the established standard: the full-time employee with a permanent employment contract. What we propose is a social security system that is sufficiently flexible in its implementation to give the different groups of workers an equal place and at the same time maintain a financially sustainable social security system providing sufficient social security protection for typical and atypical workers.

     

黑龙江省农民工返乡创业政策支持研究

现阶段,黑龙江省已经面临返乡农民工转移就业的严峻形势。在这些返乡的农民工群体中不乏一些具备一定技术和管理经验的人才,想凭借自己的一技之长开创一番事业。但在创业过程中遇到了许多自身难以克服的困难。为促进农民工返乡创业,黑龙江省应提供创业教育培训、创业融资支持和创业环境优化等政策支持。     

Employee training and human capital in Taiwan

Although globalization, liberalization and the development of the network economy have undoubtedly enhanced the competitiveness of the Taiwanese economy, with the island's citizens benefiting enormously from lower prices on a wide range of products, the downside has been the obvious increase in unemployment, and the accompanying instability of employment amongst the island's remaining workforce. Policies adopted by the Taiwanese government to tackle this and improve human capital in the human resources development (HRD) process on the island, give rise to many questions, however, such as whether employee training programs can really provide Taiwan's workforce with sustainable employability and whether such programs can effectively reduce the probability of unemployment. They also raise the questions of whether employee training programs can help unemployed workers to shorten their unemployment period, thus reducing the overall number of structurally-unemployed workers, and whether these programs can ultimately lead to increases in overall income levels for successful trainees. These are the questions to be investigated in this paper.