金融功能、金融发展与中国金融体制改革分析

金融和经济关系的实质是金融功能,金融和经济关系的核心是金融功能,金融和经济关系的基础也是金融功能。而金融功能性要比其他各层级大的金融资源更加难得,所以金融功能性资源是十分稀缺的。在实际中,金融功能层次本身的复杂化和提高,功能的层次和种类的拓展以及强化的过程实质上其实就是金融功能的进一步演化,所以说金融功能的演化便是金融发展。在这个基础之上,用金融发展的金融功能的角度来展开我国金融发展情况的相关功能的判断工作,从而提出吴国金融体制改革的一些与之相关的思考。本文就金融功能以及金融发展和中国金融体制改革进行深入的分析。     

金融资源论:对金融功能观与金融机构观的综合研究

金融资源论的提出是对金融基础理论研究的一次重大挑战.从金融机构观向金融功能观的演进是金融理论对现实世界变化的一种回应,金融资源论的提出同样是如此.金融资源的三个层次其实可以分为实体部分和功能部分,这两部分的主要内容和研究思路分别与金融机构观和金融功能观相对应.由此可见,在金融资源论与金融机构观和金融功能观之间存在着某种逻辑联系,即金融资源论是对金融机构观与金融功能观的一种综合,具有更为开阔的理论研究视角.这既为金融资源论构建了更为坚实的理论基础,也为金融资源论的进一步完善拓展了空间.     

金融资源论：对金融功能观与金融机构观的综合研究

金融资源论的提出是对金融基础理论研究的一次重大挑战。从金融机构观向金融功能观的演进是金融理论对现实世界变化的一种回应，金融资源论的提出同样是如此。金融资源的三个层次其实可以分为实体部分和功能部分。这两部分的主要内容和研究思路分别与金融机构观和金融功能观相对应。由此可见，在金融资源论与金融机构观和金融功能观之间存在着某种逻辑联系，即金融资源论是对金融机构观与金融功能观的一种综合，具有更为开阔的理论研究视角。这既为金融资源论构建了更为坚实的理论基础．也为金融资源论的进一步完善拓展了空间。     

金融发展视角下金融功能的定位——兼论中国金融体系功能的错位与复位

金融功能观的提出为金融发展理论研究拓展出新的研究范式,对认识现代金融的本质作出了新的尝试,也令“金融功能”这一范畴正式进入学术研究的视野。事实上,对金融功能本身的研究远不止于此——不仅要上溯到金融发展理论乃至金融经济学的丰富阐释,还要纵观金融发展实践的历史演进。本文在此基础上对金融功能的层次加以剖析,进一步对金融功能作出定位;并以此为参照,对中国金融功能的两种错位进行分析,即表现为金融财政化的功能越位和金融市场化的功能缺位,指出复位于资源配置功能才是金融发展和金融体系建设的前进方向。     

金融功能历史演进与未来发展浅析

本文围绕金融功能,介绍了金融功能的四个层次,详述了金融功能的演进过程,并结合当今数字时代互联网的背景,展望了未来金融功能发展的特点。     

金融企业集群:金融地域运动的新动向

作为现代金融产业组织的基本形式,金融企业集群是金融地域运动作用的结果。本文在分析了金融企业集群现象在全球范围兴起的基础上,重点从金融企业地域运动、金融功能地域运动和金融资源地域运动的视角分析了其生成演进的基本规律,对这种新兴现象的发展演进进行了全新的诠释。     

金融功能演进与金融发展研究

近年来,随着经济金融化和金融全球化的不断深入发展,金融在整个经济中的核心地位逐步的确立,金融结构和金融功能的演进与金融发展理论经历了有特殊到一般、由表面到内在和由浅到深的研究和探索历程。随之而来的金融发展问题也就越来越引起专家学者们的关注。在我国经济不断发展的进程中,我们需要构建一个更为发达的现代金融体系和一个更为发呆的资本市场,并以两者作为金融体系的基础存在,是金融机构得以增强自身竞争力的基础。本文通过对金融功能和金融发展论述的基础上,重新分析了金融功能的演进与发展。     

金融发展理论研究综述

金融发展问题一直是理论界关注和研究的重要领域。本文根据金融发展理论的演进脉络——从传统的金融发展理论到金融功能论,再到法与经济学等前沿理论,介绍了金融发展理论演进历程和最新进展,并在此基础上对各理论进行了简要的评述。     

功能观视角下的金融发展理论及其延伸

金融发展理论是对金融与经济关系的经济学解释，而金融与经济关系的本质就在于金融功能，所以，阐释金融发展理论要以金融功能为基础。一方面，对功能的研究可以有更大的客观性，也更接近于研究金融发展与经济发展的最终目的，即发展金融以发展经济；另一方面，金融功能因自身的自动与扣除的净结果而具有相对准确性，所以从功能角度研究金融发展理论具有特殊优势。金融功能要依附一定的载体，金融产业依靠对于金融功能承载的“双重效率改进”而成为金融功能的核心载体。从而，基于金融产业的演进，金融发展有了新含义。     

金融效率理论框架与我国金融效率实证考察

金融效率相对低下是对中国20余年金融改革与发展历程的最好注解，提高金融效率是实现中国金融可持续发展的核心目标。本文首先以金融效率为线索对金融发展理论进行了简要的梳理，认为金融效率研究应在赋予了全新金融效率观的金融可持续发展理论的框架下展开，由此界定并提出金融效率的涵义与有效的研究方法；同时，对中国金融效率(1990-2001)实证分析的结果验证了中国金融效率相对低下的结论；其根源可归结为高层金融资源的严重缺乏；最后，本文建议不仅要建立合理的多层次的金融体系，更应从系统的视角加强备层次金融系统内部、各层次金融系统之间以及金融系统与经济系统之间的协调。     

后改革时期中国农村金融体系发展的战略定位

中国后改革时期农业经济发展的不平衡,即二元经济结构的存在,决定了区域金融市场的二元化。从后改革时期农村金融发展的现实来看,中国农村金融体系已无法满足不同地区不同收入的农户多元化、多层次的金融需求。后改革时期农村金融体系的定位,其核心不是农村金融机构设置的多元化,而是适应不同收入阶层的农户在不同经济发展阶段上的金融需求,建立“城乡协调、统筹兼顾、资金回流、扶助三农”的农村金融体系,最终实现农村金融的全面、协调、可持续发展。     

How does corporate social responsibility affect financial performance,financial stability,and financial inclusion in the banking sector? Evidence from Pakistan

This paper examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance, financial inclusion, and financial stability of the banking sector, focusing on annual data for 20 Pakistani commercial banks for the period 2008–2017. The results suggest that CSR, as well as age and size, has a positive impact on all three factors. However, high levels of leverage reduce financial inclusion and financial stability, while financial inclusion is also negatively associated with the tangibility of assets.     

Financial well-being amongst elderly Australians: the role of consumption patterns and financial literacy

Consumption behaviour and financial literacy are primary factors in determining the financial well-being of retirees. This paper uses an existing financial literacy index to examine how financial literacy directly, and via an interaction with consumption patterns, affects elderly Australians’ financial well-being. We find that most elderly Australians hold an optimistic attitude towards their financial situation, and those who are relatively older, more educated, healthier and outright homeowners are more likely to report higher levels of financial well-being. Financial literacy significantly improves financial well-being. It also helps strengthen the positive effects of meeting more of non-essential consumption needs on financial well-being.     

The synergy of financial sector development and information sharing in financial access: Propositions and empirical evidence

This study assesses the role of information sharing in financialization (or coexistence of financial sub-systems) for financial access. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary Fixed Effects and Quantile regressions on 53 African countries for the period 2004–2011. The positive complementarity of information sharing offices (ISOs) and financial formalization is an increasing function of financial activity (or access to credit) whereas the negative complementarity of ISOs and financial informalization is a decreasing function of financial activity. In order to leverage on the synergy between ISO and financial formalization for enhanced financial access, some policy measures are proposed.     

工业革命、金融革命与系统性风险治理

本文以历史上三次工业革命为切入点,探讨工业革命、金融革命与系统性风险治理间的关系。在工业革命演进过程中,先进技术创新应用、经济结构转变和社会环境变迁,推动了金融业演进发展和升级;反过来,资本的快速积累和有效融通对科技进步转化为工业革命不可或缺,以现代商业银行、现代投资银行和创业投资体系为特征的三次金融革命分别是三次工业革命的重要推动力量。但如果制度规则建设和监管滞后,金融发展失序也会导致系统性风险逐步累积,引发金融危机,反过来催生重大金融体制或监管制度变革。当前第四次工业革命已拉开序幕,金融科技引领的金融业集成创新有望成为第四次金融革命的突出特征。我国是全球金融科技发展领先的国家之一,应统筹发展与安全,在金融科技带动下发挥好银行体系、资本市场、创投体系和金融科技企业服务实体经济创新发展的合力,同时做好风险防范,引导从业机构在服务实体经济和遵从审慎监管的前提下守正创新,防止资本无序扩张,牢牢守住不发生系统性风险的底线。     

Measuring financial stress in a developed country: An application to Canada

This paper develops an index of financial stress for the Canadian financial system. It is a continuous variable with a spectrum of values, where extreme values are called financial crises. An internal Bank of Canada survey is used to condition the choice of variables. The authors show that alternative measures of financial crisis suggested by the literature do not accurately reflect the Canadian experience, while several measures developed in this paper are more representative and are thus likely better suited to a developed financial system. An accurate characterization of stress is a prerequisite for any researcher attempting to forecast financial crises.     

Corporate financial structure and financial stability

Drawing on a unique dataset of flow-of funds and balance sheet data, this paper analyzes the impact of financial crises on aggregate corporate financing and expenditure in a range of countries. Investment and inventory contractions are the main contributors to lower GDP growth after crises, with a much greater effect in emerging market countries. The debt–equity ratio is correlated with investment and inventory declines following crises. Econometric analysis suggests that financial crises have a greater impact on expenditure and the financing of corporate sectors in emerging markets than in industrial countries. Industrial countries appear to benefit from a pick-up in bond issuance in the wake of banking crises. Although companies in emerging market countries hold more precautionary liquidity, this is evidently not sufficient to prevent a greater amplitude of response of expenditure to shocks.     

Financial regulation and financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does financial stability play a moderating role?

This study examines the impact of financial regulation on financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa, considering the moderating role of financial stability. By analysing the relationship between financial inclusion and the most prominent macro-prudential regulation (capital adequacy), we find that tightening prudential regulations could negatively impact access to finance, thereby conflicting with Sub-Saharan African economies’ financial inclusion goals. More specifically, the capital adequacy requirement tremendously reduces banks’ capacity to provide financial services and this could lead to credit rationing thereby reducing financial inclusion. The results also indicate that, the interaction of financial regulation with financial stability positively impacts financial inclusion. Thus, financial stability augments financial regulation to have an affirmative impact on financial inclusion. The practical implications of this paper are that, one of the ways central governments and policy makers in Sub-Saharan African countries can increase and get the most out of financial inclusion is to formulate policies targeted at reducing capital adequacy requirements of financial institutions and other constraints that limit the operations and efficiency of financial institutions. Such policies should also aim at creating an enabling environment to promote financial stability.     

2007年中国金融市场运行分析报告

2007年,我国金融市场继续保持了快速健康的发展势头,货币市场成交继续放大,市场利率短期波动加剧;债券市场运行平稳,债券指数走势较为疲弱;股票市场成交大幅放大,市场指数创出新高;人民币继续走强,外汇市场成交保持稳定;黄金市场成交量快速增长,黄金价格创出新高;期货市场成交活跃,商品期货价格全面上涨。总体而言,我国金融市场规模不断拓展、市场功能明显提升、市场结构持续优化、金融创新稳步推进,市场制度建设日益完善,对外开放程度逐步加深,多层次金融市场建设取得新进展,在我国金融体系和经济发展中的地位和作用进一步提高。     

Financial globalization, financial crises and contagion

Two observations suggest that financial globalization played an important role in the recent financial crisis. First, more than half of the rise in net borrowing of the U.S. non-financial sectors since the mid-1980s has been financed by foreign lending. Second, the collapse of the U.S. housing and mortgage-backed-securities markets had worldwide effects on financial institutions and asset markets. Using an open-economy model where financial intermediaries play a central role, we show that financial integration leads to a sharp rise in net credit in the most financially developed country and to large asset price spillovers of country-specific shocks to bank capital. The impacts of these shocks on asset prices are amplified by bank capital requirements based on mark-to-market.