知识管理在高校办公自动化中的应用

由于知识经济的到来,对高校发展带来了巨大的挑战,知识管理引入到高校办公自动化已成为必然趋势。从实践的角度,浅析了办公自动化（OA）的功能特性,并对知识管理与办公自动化（OA）的结合进行了一些探讨。     

Small Business and Antitrust

The question addressed in this paper is how small business fits into a post-Chicago antitrust agenda. The answer, we will see, relates not to special privileges for the small, but to a vigorous competition policy directed against manifestations of market power.     

办公与管理自动化发展动态及规划实例

本文说明办公与管理自动化技术概貌,它的层次划分,实现方法和发展动态.最后介绍成都某企业办公与管理自动化系统发展规划.     

Small Business Exporting

This study investigates the effect of export marketing activites and size of the firm in the firm's stage of internationalization. The results of an empirical survey indicate that efficient marketing techniques and product adaptation are important determinants of a firm's internationalization stage. However, the size of the firm appears to be the critical variable in predicting a firm's given stage in its export marketing development.     

Small Business Survival

Abstract

Previous evidence given for some of the significant costs of survival for private enterprises in Guangzhou suggested that entrepreneurs may pay a significant amount in the form of dinners, gifts, and other offerings to insure survival. As a follow-up to that preliminary study, data have been collected from a cross-section of industries formally operationalizing the “costs” of survival as the means for maintaining legitimacy. The cultural context for such costs/offerings is hypothesized to be through guanxi, a traditional way of establishing social and business networks. The analyses herein suggest that guanxi costs are significantly higher for private enterprises versus all other enterprises types, i.e., state, private, township and village, domestic and foreign enterprises. Also, consistent with its cultural context, quanxi is consider to be equally important in business as in life for all types of Chinese enterprises.     

Small Business and Sport Sponsorship

This exploratory study examines 18 small organisations who engaged in the sponsorship of local sport, rugby league teams, in Australia. The literature sponsorship is applied to local activities and small business, thus filling a gap in the literature. The study examined seven main areas: (1) Responsibility for sponsorship arrangement; (2) Firms objectives for choosing sponsorship; (3) Types of other spon- sorship activities; (4) Perceived sponsorship effectiveness; (5) Sponsor- ship and the promotional mix; (6) Sponsorship entitlements; and (7) Demographic questions about the organisation. Similarities and differ- ences to results of earlier literature in this area are discussed. Directions for hture research are also explored.     

Business Survival and Success of Young Small Business Owners

Little empirical evidence provides insight in person-oriented drivers of business survival and success of small business owners. In this paper I perform a duration analysis of business survival amongst young white (self-employed) small business owners in the U.S. Compulsory exits are distinguished from voluntary exits. This enables an alternative definition of business success: the longer one can survive and prevent inLvoluntary exit, the more successful one is. Potential drivers of survival are derived from recent empirical evidence in related studies. The potential drivers of success are also derived from historical economic thinkers such as Marshall and Schumpeter. The estimated hazard rates are affected by characteristics of the small business owner and business conditions.     

Service Orientation and Small Business Marketing

ABSTRACT

In an environment of ever increasing competition, small businesses are beginning to recognize that adopting a strong service orientation in their marketing efforts not only gives them a differential advantage, but is also fast becoming a prerequisite for their survival. This study introduces a classification scheme which identifies firms by their degrees of involvement in service orientation. This typology was validated in a nationwide survey of retail nurseries. The findings supported the hypotheses that a strong service orientation does have a dramatic impact on a business's marketing decisions. It is hoped that recognition of these distinctions will offer strategic insights for small business practitioners in making marketing and promotion decisions.     

Modelling Small Business Growth and Profitability

Small Business Economics - This paper develops a simple structural model relating small business performance to firms' market position and the characteristics of their owner-managers. Attention...     

Small Business and Empirical Perspectives in Business Ethics: Editorial

In this editorial to a collection of papers on ethics in small firms, the case is made for greater use of high quality empirical research on business ethics. Sociological perspectives have much to offer to the field of business ethics that continues to be dominated by normative, moral philosophy. The second contribution of the paper is to argue for a re-orientation away from the large multi-national firm as a benchmark subject of business ethics research. One important point of view to be included is that of the small firm, which remains the dominant organisational form throughout all the OECD countries.     

External Relationships and the Small Business: A Review of Small Business Alliance and Network Research*

In order to thrive, small businesses are often advised to develop relationships with external organizations that have the potential to assist business development, survival, and growth. A focus on the external relationships of the small business underlines the vital importance of external resources in moving a small business toward increased success and profitability. Covering the period from 1990 to 2002, this paper reviews the small business literature as it relates to the use of these external relationships (such as organizational partnerships, networks, and alliances). In response to both academic and practitioner demand for further research in this area, an exhaustive analysis of the relevant literature was conducted and three “meta” research questions representing the connections within this literature were formed. The resource‐based view of the firm, resource dependency theory, and punctuated equilibrium theory are proposed as useful starting points for exploring these research questions and can give direction for moving forward in this research area.     

小生意同样赚大钱

<正>对于有眼光的人来说,商机无处不在。对于坚守诚信,视质量为生命的生意人来说,没有他做不成的生意。有些人一味地认为只有做大生意才挣钱,看不起小生意,殊不知,只要有市场,小生意也能赚大钱。     

African American Small Business Owners' Attitudes Toward Business Training

The attitudes toward training courses are documented for the rapidly growing African American segment of small business owners. The study provides evidence supporting the training-business creation model suggested by the Small Business Act and by Becker's work on human capital. Over 700 responses to a mail survey were divided into African American small business owners and Caucasian American small business owners. The African American small business owners rated the training courses as significantly more important than the Caucasian American small business owners for all 23 of the areas tested. A matched sample was created from the data set to evaluate the idea that demographics such as type of business and number of employees may have influenced the results. The findings from the matched sample were consistent with the findings from the total sample. Various reasons for these unusually strong results are offered as well as directions for future research.     

小城镇餐饮企业经营现状、问题与对策研究

随着农村非农产业的快速发展,小城镇的迅速崛起,小城镇成为带动农村经济繁荣和推动城镇化进程的重要力量。餐饮业是劳动密集型行业,兼有商品消费和服务消费的双重特性,吸纳就业人员多,产业关联度高,能有效带动种植业、畜牧养殖业、装饰装修业等相关产业的发展,同时餐饮业以市场大、增长快、投入相对少和吸纳劳动力多等特点,对于小城镇的建设和发展,解决农村劳动力的去向等问题有重要的作用。     

Small Business Borrowing and the Bifurcated Economy: Why Quantitative Easing Has Been Ineffective for Small Business

In the early years following the financial collapse, federal officials and others believed that banks were not making loans to creditworthy small firms, who have accounted for most of the job creation in the United States in recent decades. Acting on this belief, a number of programs were created to increase bank lending to small firms. Overall, however, the data collected since the 2007/8 financial crisis suggest that the explanation for slow loan growth in the small business sector is not a result of supply constraints but rather a result of anemic loan demand among small firms. Thus, recent programs intended to increase small business borrowing through easing credit supply were doomed to fail. The weak demand for credit among small firms is representative of the sluggish performance of the small business economy postrecession, a marked contrast to the robust performance of larger firms and a reflection of a bifurcated economy.     

Small Business Failure and External Risk Factors

Unlike much of the previous literature, which has generally focused on internal risk factors, this study seeks to explore the impact of macro-economic factors on small business mortality. The results suggest that economic factors appear to be associated with between 30% and 50% of small business failures, depending on the definition of failure used. As expected, failure rates were positively associated with interest rates (where failure was defined as bankruptcy) and the rate of unemployment (where failure was defined as discontinuance of ownership). However, somewhat unexpectedly, failure rates were found to be positively associated with lagged employment rates (where failure was defined as to prevent further losses) and with current and lagged retail sales (where failure was defined as either: failed to "make a go of it"; discontinuance of ownership; or discontinuance of business). This indicates that a strengthening economy may provide the trigger for an increase in voluntary business exits as individual proprietors seek to maximize the returns available to them on both their financial and human capital.