我国银行业国际化的动机、进入模式与区位选择

我国银行业的国际化具有特殊性,就国际化动机来看,既有客户追随的动机,也有战略资产寻求型的动机;就区位选择来看,在发达国家和发展中国家都设立有海外机构;就进入模式来看,以新建设立为主,以渐进式并购、战略联盟等模式,拓展海外市场。混业经营和全能化发展是我国银行国际化的最终目标,我国商业银行国际化中最大的业务优势是人民币业务,有必要关注人民币"走出去"进程对银行区位选择的影响。     

大型零售连锁业国际化进入模式

进入模式的研究不仅推进了人们对大型零售连锁业国际化进程的理解,更成为分析零售连锁业国际化经营的基础和主要决策环节。本文主要介绍外向型发展的进入模式16种状态,重点分析了独资和合资以及直营和特许组合构成模式,所得结果对于大型零售连锁业外向型发展和跨国经营具有借鉴作用。     

城市零售业的微区位选择及竞争力研究——以浙江省金华市沃尔玛零售业为例

随着经济全球化和我国改革开放的不断深入,大量全球性商业特别是跨国企业进驻中国市场.为扩展商圈范围,提升企业竞争力,跨国商业企业往往选择那些有优势的区位,以达到策略的可实施性与目标的可实现性.文章基于零售商业区位理论,对沃尔玛超市进驻浙江省金华市进行微区位选择与竞争力分析.研究发现,沃尔玛超市的区位选择具有远角区位或紧邻远角区位的优势,具备较好的顾客可视性、易接近性与区域展示性;与金华市其他购物中心相比,沃尔玛超市的区位集聚力强,具有较强的竞争优势.但沃尔玛超市要进一步扩张商圈范围,提高市场占有率,还必须对区位选择中存在的不足进行改进,克服公交线路方面的障碍,摆脱地下停车场的限制,并进一步增强顾客的可视性.     

中国电子商业银行海外扩张区位选择研究

中国商业电子银行海外扩张是金融业参与世界竞争的基本前提,也是当今世界银行业发展的一个历史趋势。随着中国改革开放的不断深入和国民经济的进一步发展壮大,商业电子银行进入了高速发展的黄金时期,许多电子商业银行正在酝酿海外扩张计划,海外扩张正在悄然兴起。本文分析了影响电子银行海外扩张区位选择的因素,结合中国实际,提出中国电子商业银行海外扩张的渐进式区位拓展策略。     

刍议区域性银行国际化发展的区位选择问题

我国银行国际化已成为一种发展趋势,如何选择优先开拓的目标区域,是银行"走出去"战略中首先要考虑的问题.本文重点分析了贸易投资引导和区位优势理论对银行跨国经营区位选择的影响,在此基础上,主要分析了广西北部湾银行国际化发展的目标区域选择.应定位于东盟国家(地区).     

国有特大型建筑企业国际化战略模式与选择

本文对企业的国际化策略进行了理论回顾,考量了国有特大型建筑企业的国家背景,提出了市场进入模式选择的三大前提及理论模型。通过对中国国有特大型建筑企业的代表——中国交通建设股份有限公司进入安哥拉市场进行实证研究,验证了理论模型的有效性和适用性。     

我国零售业国际化战略研究

目前,相比外资零售业,我国零售业在国际竞争中处于劣势.文章分析了我国零售业国际化的必要性与可行性,认为本土零售业要想在国际市场上取胜,必须走国际化经营之路,并且有针对性地提出了跨国经营的战略.     

"好又多"凸现零售业扩张危机

“好又多的目标永远是争第一，我们的愿景就是要成为世界级的企业”。“好又多”量贩总经理于日江的豪言壮语曾经让无数的零售企业为之动容。在这一口号的驱动之下，“好又多”近几年来动作频繁，扩张迅速，已经成为内地分店最多的中外合资商业连锁企业。但是在“好又多”跑马圈地的背后，由井喷式扩张所导致的一系列经营危机却不可避免地凸显出来，成为严重威胁企业生存发展的巨大阻碍。     

零售业国际化失败及其原因分析

零售业国际化浪潮如火如荼,但是有关国际化失败的研究却很少.国际化失败的定义不同,但是零售商都没有意识到,国外的回报根本无法与国内相提并论.虽然大的跨国零售商的国际化失败鲜为人知,但是国际化失败可能发生在任何业态.国际化失败主要是由预测失败、竞争失败、适应失败和成长失败等原因造成的.     

零售业国际化发展的趋势和我国企业的对策

目前,国际化发展已经成为世界零售业的一大趋势,国际化经营可以优化资源配置,提高国际竞争力,是零售企业实现规模经营的重要途径。加入WTO后,我国承诺2 0 0 4年底要全面开放零售业。我国零售商业在国际化浪潮中面临着严峻的挑战。我们要把国内、外零售企业进行对比分析,找出差距,才能制定出相应的措施     

全球化背景下中国零售企业的战略选择

目前,国际化已成为世界零售业的一大潮流。国际化是零售业优化资源配置,提高国际竞争力的重要手段;跨国经营是零售企业实现规模化经营的重要途径;国际市场商机无限,入世为我国零售企业“走出去”提供了契机;国内零售市场的对外开放迫使我国零售企业开拓国际市场。为促进我国零售企业的跨国发展,政府应从政策方面给予一定的扶持和指导,打破内外贸行业分工,简化“走出去”的审批手续;建立健全各种配套服务措施,加强宏观管理;给予政策扶持,鼓励零售企业向海外发展。而作为零售企业则应苦练基本功,提高自身素质,增强国际竞争能力;加强联合,扩大规模,培育大型商团;选择适销对路的经营商品范围,突出中国商品特色;正确选择投资的国家和地区,由近及远、由点及面地向外扩展;加速人才培养。     

The Impact of Market Orientation on the Internationalization of Retailing Firms: Tesco in Eastern Europe

This paper investigates a Western retailer's market orientation levels in two emerging markets. We examine whether the market orientation-company performance link holds true for retailers in emerging economies, despite environmental differences. By using concepts from key studies we have assimilated a fully representative model - applied through interviews with top management from Tesco and its subsidiaries and affiliates in Hungary and Slovenia. Using this example, we find that the market orientation-business performance link is valid for Western retailers in emerging economies. Here, the retailer applied market orientation predominately through; the use of matching with suppliers of own brand goods; top management emphasis on market orientation and risk taking. Intelligence generation and dissemination was exercised via global processes such as brand review.     

Performance, Internationalization, and Firm-specific Advantages of SMEs in a Newly-Industrialized Economy

In light of the lack of empirical evidence regarding issues of internationalization as they affect small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from newly-industrialized economies (NIEs), this study aims to expand the applicability of existent internationalization theories. So far, such theories have largely been developed with MNCs from industrialized economies in mind. In examining a 1996 sample of 1,419 Taiwanese SMEs, we found that the relationship between internationalization and performance could be graphically depicted as one of inverted U-shaped curvilinearity, and that a specific level of internationalization corresponded to maximum profitability. Our empirical findings also confirmed a relationship of U-shaped curvilinearity between advertising investment and performance, indicating that a minimum level of investment is required in order for advertising to be effective. Investments in research and development (R&D) were also shown to be positively associated with firm performance. The external validity of our internationalization theories regarding SMEs from NIEs was generally supported, though some modifications allowing for consideration of the particular context of individual SMEs will ultimately become a necessity.     

我国零售连锁企业中高级管理人才流失问题探讨

近年来,随着零售连锁企业的快速扩张,我国零售连锁企业人才流失问题越来越严重,且多以中高层管理人才为主。中高级管理人才的流失,会加重企业招聘与培训成本负担,致使企业内部管理混乱,带来企业无形资产的严重流失,也会对员工形成心理上的冲击,从而对企业造成十分消极的影响。文章提出,零售连锁企业管理人才的稀缺性,企业文化建设的不到位,内部激励机制的不健全、不完善,对培训开发工作的不重视,员工职业生涯管理的不完善以及家庭因素等是导致我国零售连锁企业中高层管理人才流失的主要原因。为抑制人才流失,企业应稳住阵脚,以抑制人才流失的负面作用;及时进行员工离职前的双向沟通,在适当的时候迎回流失的人才;加强以人为本的企业文化建设;完善内部激励机制;建立良好的培训与开发机制;完善员工职业生涯管理。     

黑龙江省实施农村市场国际化的对策研究

黑龙江省实施农村市场国际化面临的困境是产品出口市场过于集中,适应国际市场变化的能力较弱,农村现代流通体系不健全,农产品加工附加值低、标准体系不严格,农业劳动力整体素质低下,不适应农村市场国际化。黑龙江省应借鉴发达国家经验,完善农村市场体系建设,搞活农产品流通,着力发展小城镇和农产品加工业,提升农产品的产业链和附加值,贯彻统筹城乡发展的基本方略,大力发展面向农村的服务业,加快农业信息化建设的步伐,以提高农村市场主体国际竞争力。     

黑龙江省实施农村市场国际化的对策研究

黑龙江省实施农村市场国际化面临的困境是产品出口市场过于集中,适应国际市场变化的能力较弱,农村现代流通体系不健全,农产品加工附加值低、标准体系不严格,农业劳动力整体素质低下,不适应农村市场国际化。黑龙江省应借鉴发达国家经验,完善农村市场体系建设,搞活农产品流通,着力发展小城镇和农产品加工业,提升农产品的产业链和附加值,贯彻统筹城乡发展的基本方略,大力发展面向农村的服务业,加快农业信息化建设的步伐,以提高农村市场主体国际竞争力。     

Internationalization pattern of creative-cultural events: Two cases from Canada

This paper characterizes the internationalization of creative-cultural events through in-depth, longitudinal and ethnographic case-studies of two typical events. It develops four families of propositions based on the extant theory and tests them against their corresponding aspects of the two case-studies. This comparative examination indicates varying levels of supports; and also points to significant differences from traditional patterns of internationalizations processes. This paper’s contributions are in identifying differences in such events’ internationalization pattern and suggesting theoretical explanation for them. A combination of firm-specific advantage (e.g., creative and cultural) and the event’s home location-specific advantages offer a theoretical approach as they attract both the viewers and creative service-providers from the rest of the world to the home of these events. The paper explores the implication for further theoretical research, management of such events and public policy formulations.     

Internationalization of the organizational field: Swedish grocery retailers in the European integration process

Abstract

This article describes how import of ideas and practices influence an industry that is in an early stage of internationalization, as well as part of European integration. By using institutional theory, such a situation is depicted as an expansion of the organizational field, in which international isomorphism between organizations has commenced. Studying Swedish grocery retailing, a new set of ideas was found regarding what constitutes an efficient organization. This included centralization, vertical integration and brand management, and it was strongly influenced by foreign actors and markets. We conclude that isomorphism occurs in a decreasingly national field, although not entirely pan-European in character, and that international diffusion of ideas and practices reshape markets, partly independent of goods and capital flows.