融资约束、公司治理与企业研发投入

本文以2009~2015年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,分析融资约束与企业研发投入以及融资约束、公司治理和企业研发投入之间的关系。研究发现:(1)融资约束会对企业研发投入存在显著的抑制作用;(2)公司治理对于二者的关系能够起到有效的调节作用,即当股权集中度较低、两职合一、高管薪酬较高时,融资约束对企业研发投入的抑制作用会显著减弱。本文为理解经济转型背景下的中国企业研发投入的影响因素提供了一个新的视角,也为理解融资约束、公司治理与企业研发投入之间关系的微观机理提供了新的经验证据。     

公司不确定性对现金持有价值的影响

现金持有价值的影响因素是金融经济学研究的热点问题。已有研究多在代理框架下探究公司内外部治理因素对企业现金持有价值的影响。立足于A股市场以个人投资者为主体、公司融资约束问题严重及股权高度集中的现实背景,理论分析并实证检验A股上市公司的现金持有价值及投资者情绪与公司不确定性对现金持有价值的影响。研究发现：上市公司现金持有价值显著为正,这在高不确定性公司中更明显;同投资者情绪高涨期相比,投资者情绪低落期的正向现金持有价值更高;在投资者情绪高涨期,高不确定性公司的正向现金持有价值较高,且与低不确定性公司的现金持有价值差异更大;在投资者情绪低落期,高、低不确定性公司的正向现金持有价值均较高但二者之间的差异较小。本研究发现了影响现金持有价值的新因素,提供了投资者情绪因素具有资产定价效应的新证据,对企业现金持有决策、市值管理决策、监管部门的投资者教育及行为金融研究均具有一定的启示意义。     

研发强度、环境不确定性与成本粘性

现阶段,面对国家经济转型带来的环境不确定性,我国企业亟需激发内部活力,通过加大研发强度等措施,配合国家供给侧改革等政策,实现长期稳定发展的目标。而研发强度的加大可能通过多种机制对成本调整产生影响,导致成本粘性现象加剧。本文以2008—2017沪深两市A股上市公司为样本对研发强度影响成本粘性的机制进行实证研究,研究结果表明:企业研发强度与成本粘性正相关;环境不确定性加强了企业研发强度对成本粘性的影响,即环境不确定性越大,企业研发强度对成本粘性的促进作用越强;进一步的研究表明,国有产权性质以及债务约束削弱了环境不确定性对研发强度与成本粘性关系的调节作用。     

融资约束、政府财政资助与企业研发投入

本文在不同融资约束背景下对政府财政资助与企业研发投入的关系进行了实证检验。实证结果表明,无论融资约束强的企业还是融资约束弱的企业,政府财政资助对企业研发投入都具有诱导效应。与融资约束强的企业相比,政府财政资助对企业研发投入的诱导效果在融资约束弱的企业中表现得更好,且与企业的股权性质无关;此外,与非国有控股企业相比,国有控股企业的诱导效应对融资约束的强弱更加敏感。     

政府补贴、融资约束对企业研发投资的影响

以2016—2017年我国沪深A股战略性新兴产业上市公司为样本主体,探讨了政府补贴、融资约束对企业研发投资的影响。通过实证分析发现,战略性新兴产业企业的研发投资活动普遍存在着融资约束问题,且融资约束严重制约了企业的研发投资强度;政府补贴缓解企业融资约束问题的直接效应显著,但其缓解融资约束问题的间接效应不显著。因此,为了提高战略性新兴产业企业的经济效益,应加强企业研发活动中的政府补贴支持力度,充分发挥政府补贴在融资约束中的缓解作用,从而提高企业的研发投资强度,加快研发成果转化及产业化进程,增强企业核心竞争力,并提高经济效益。     

环境不确定性、财务柔性与融资约束

随着国内经济下滑趋势越发明显,市场竞争激烈程度不断加剧,企业发展资金短缺问题逐渐凸显,严重限制了企业市场竞争力的有效提升。为缓解企业资金压力,企业纷纷开展融资活动,但是受委托代理关系及信息不对称等因素影响,部分企业面临较为严重的融资约束问题,妨碍了融资活动的顺利开展。因此,准确分析融资约束影响因素,合理判别各因素具体影响作用成为诸多学者研究的主要内容。基于此,本文对融资约束受环境不确定性及财务柔性影响情况进行分析,通过研究发现:环境不确定性与融资约束显著正相关;财务柔性与融资约束显著负相关;环境不确定性能够削弱财务柔性与融资约束之间的相关性。     

宏观经济的确定性与不确定性

国民经济研究所所长樊纲近日接受《21世纪经济报道》专访称:国际经济形势不是特别乐观。美国失业率仍然在8%以上,债务问题没有解决。欧洲(经济恶化)都是暂缓,机制还没有建立,因此,显然今年增长率都不会太高。     

Inflation Uncertainty, Output Growth Uncertainty and Macroeconomic Performance

We use a bivariate generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (GARCH) model of inflation and output growth to examine the causality relationship among nominal uncertainty, real uncertainty and macroeconomic performance measured by the inflation and output growth rates. The application of the constant conditional correlation GARCH(1,1) model leads to a number of interesting conclusions. First, inflation does cause negative welfare effects, both directly and indirectly, i.e. via the inflation uncertainty channel. Secondly, in some countries, more inflation uncertainty provides an incentive to Central Banks to surprise the public by raising inflation unexpectedly. Thirdly, in contrast to the assumptions of some macroeconomic models, business cycle variability and the rate of economic growth are related. More variability in the business cycle leads to more output growth.     

Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Oil Price Volatility

This paper shows that higher macroeconomic uncertainty causes higher oil price volatility. Regimes of low and high uncertainty are identified in a threshold VAR model in which the effects of structural oil demand and supply shocks are estimated. The results show that higher macroeconomic uncertainty, as measured by global industrial production volatility, significantly increases the sensitivity of oil prices to shocks in oil demand and supply. This occurs as uncertainty lowers the price elasticity of oil demand and supply. The difference in the estimated oil price elasticities is economically meaningful as the price impact of a similar change in oil production might double when it hits the economy in uncertain times. As such, varying uncertainty can explain why oil price volatility is typically higher during periods such as financial crises and recessions, and why oil price volatility changes over time more generally.     

多元化经营、研发投入与公司绩效

本文以2002-2005年披露研发投入信息的上市公司为研究对象,从理论和实证两方面对多元化经营与公司研发投入的关系以及多元化经营和研发投入对公司绩效的影响进行了研究.结果发现,目前我国上市公司披露的R&D支出普遍较低,多元化经营公司较专业化公司投入更少的资金于R&D项目,但多元化经营折价并不是由于多元化公司投入较低的R&D投资引起.     

宏观经济环境、公司治理与财务困境研究

考察宏观经济环境与公司治理结构对公司陷入财务困境的影响,首先应从财务困境定义出发,界定困境公司组和非困境公司组,利用Logistic模型检验公司治理结构对公司财务困境的影响;其次应综合分析宏观经济环境与公司治理结构对公司陷入财务困境的影响。研究表明:公司治理结构、大股东侵占与公司陷入财务困境的可能性显著相关;同时,宏观经济环境对于公司陷入财务困境也有一定的影响,特别是公司对于工业增加值和实际利率水平等变化越敏感,就越容易受到弱化的公司治理结构的影响而陷入财务困境。     

机构投资者持股、财务柔性与企业研发投入

本文以2007-2016年我国非金融类A股上市公司为研究样本,分析了财务柔性对企业研发投入的影响。研究发现,财务柔性对企业研发投入具有显著的促进作用。进一步研究发现,机构投资者持股作为一种公司治理机制,能够缓解财务柔性持有和利用中的管理层代理问题,促进财务柔性对企业研发投入的作用。     

Real Earnings Management Uncertainty and Corporate Credit Risk

Abstract

This study examines the accounting information uncertainty effects on corporate credit risk from the perspective of real earnings management (RM) activities by investigating 9565 American bond observations from year 2001 to 2008. The main results show that the volatilities of RM activities significantly and positively affect corporate bond yield spreads when well-known bond spread determinant variables are controlled. In addition, the results are robust to alternative model specifications, including the suspect firm analyses, another less ambiguous measure of abnormal cash flows from operations, and abnormal production cost analyses in manufacturing industry or with control of the input price variation. This research also finds that the positive effects of RM volatilities become weaker if a firm has a lower credit rating. Finally, our results remain hold with considering endogeneity issues and analyst characteristic variables and for another estimation period of RM volatilities.     

Global and Country‐Specific Output Growth Uncertainty and Macroeconomic Performance

We identify global and country‐specific measures of output growth uncertainty for a large OECD country sample by means of a dynamic factor model with stochastic volatility. We find evidence for major bouts of global uncertainty in the early 1970s and late 2000s, and a number of periods with elevated levels of either global or national uncertainty, particularly in the early 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. VAR impulse responses of national macroeconomic variables to our estimated measures of uncertainty reveal that global uncertainty is the major driver of macroeconomic performance in most countries, whereas the impact of national uncertainty is small and frequently insignificant. We also find that uncertainty is transmitted primarily through investment and trade flows rather than through consumption demand.     

Capital Market Imperfections, Uncertainty and Corporate Investment in the Czech Republic

In this study we examine private investment behavior of firms in the Czech Republic. A special feature of the study is that the investment equations include variables which may give some more insights into the role of capital market imperfections as well as the effect of uncertainty. Our results find support for the accelerator model. We find evidence for cash-flow effects on Czech corporate investment. It is striking that indeed smaller longer privatized firms face relatively less cash flow restrictions. Financial structure doesn't matter as much as we expected. We find that smaller firms react positively to more uncertainty.     

债务水平与公司研发投资决策研究——对中国制造业上市公司的实证分析

利用中国制造业上市公司2004年—2005年间的数据,对公司负债与其研发投资是否存在非单一关系的假设进行检验。实证研究结果显示,在非高科技产业中,公司负债与其研发投资之间显著存在正临界水平的U型关系,而在高科技产业中,这种显著关系并不存在;有限责任造成的公司研发投资的道德风险效应是造成负债对研发投资非单一影响的重要因素。