基于绿色生产的闭环供应链决策及认证标准研究

在考虑绿色生产的基础上，以单一制造商、零售商和回收商组成的闭环供应链为研究对象，构建以制造商为主导的无认证集中决策、分散决策和有认证集中决策Stackelberg博弈模型，研究不同模型下的供应链决策和政府绿色认证标准，并用算例仿真对比分析消费者绿色偏好和企业信誉对各决策的影响。结果表明：在不进行绿色认证的情况下，集中决策闭环供应链利润和污染物减排量大于分散决策；政府总能够制定合理的绿色认证标准，使制造商自愿认证的同时，提高供应链收益和减少碳排放；不同模型下的最优决策均会随着消费者绿色偏好的增加而提高，无认证模型下还会随着企业信誉的增加而提高。     

政府补贴下考虑零售商竞争的供应链决策研究

为研究政府补贴制造商生产成本下零售商竞争对供应链决策的影响,考虑政府补贴率和零售商竞争强度两个因素,建立3种供应链决策模型,分析政府补贴系数和零售商竞争强度对供应链决策的影响。结果表明,零售商竞争会使零售价格提高,而不影响制造商的批发价,竞争越激烈,供应链各成员的定价和利润越低。在3种供应链决策模型下,竞争强度和政府补贴对制造商利润的影响程度最高。     

考虑政府补贴的供应链低碳减排策略研究

以一个投资低碳减排技术的制造商和零售商组成的二级供应链为研究对象,探究了不同补贴策略对供应链决策的影响。通过数值仿真发现,政府补贴低碳产品消费者策略下的低碳减排量、制造商和零售商利润均高于其他补贴策略,但该补贴策略较适合低碳减排产品投入市场初期时采用,因为有利于低碳减排产品的市场开拓。而从长期来看,政府补贴低碳减排技术策略下的评价指标体系绩效价格比最大,因而能更有力地推动企业投资低碳减排技术。     

基于返利契约的电动汽车供应链协调策略研究

电动汽车相较于燃油汽车尚属于新兴产品,返利契约作为一种激励措施广泛存在于电动汽车供应链中。文章基于销售返利契约下电动汽车供应链协调策略问题,构建了不考虑返利契约情形下电动汽车供应链集中决策、分散决策模型以及基于返利契约的两种电动汽车决策模型。探讨了考虑电动汽车产品绿色度和电动汽车销售价格下销售返利契约对电动汽车供应链绩效的影响。两种基于返利契约的电动汽车供应链契约模型为:电动汽车制造商给消费者返利与收益共享契约模型、下游返利契约模型。并分析了两种契约结构的有效性和灵活性。研究发现,两种契约结构能使电动汽车供应链协调并提高电动汽车供应链整体绩效,能够使电动汽车制造商与零售商获得更多收益。给出了两种契约结构下的电动汽车制造商与零售商的利润空间。利用数值算例分析方法验证说明所得结果。     

碳配额机制下绿色供应链决策及收益分享合同研究

基于碳配额机制，构建由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的绿色二级供应链。分析碳配额机制下考虑消费者低碳偏好的绿色供应链最优减排决策，并引入收益分享合同，考察消费者低碳偏好对收益分享比例和供应链利润的影响。研究发现，收益分享合同下的利润未达到集中化的水平，但相比于分散决策可以提升制造商和零售商的绩效。     

碳排放政策下的供应链定价与减排北大核心CSSCISSCI

文章以供应链的减排量和价格为研究对象,建立了制造商主导的斯坦伯格两阶段动态博弈模型,探讨了碳税、碳交易、总量控制目标政策下由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链的定价与减排优化问题。研究表明:碳排放政策下制造商和零售商的定价策略相反,随着排放政策变得严厉,制造商提高批发价格而零售商降低边际利润;产品初始绿色程度、减排成本系数和碳排放价格是影响供应链定价和减排的重要因素。供应链初始绿色程度低时碳排放价格对供应链减排量的影响存在阈值效应。文章还从供应链层面比较了三种排放政策的减排效力,发现即使减排政策不同,只要安排适当也可以实现同样的减排目标,但效果优劣有碳交易、碳税、总量控制的次序之分。     

基于区块链的闭环供应链定价及回收策略

考虑区块链技术下新能源汽车闭环供应链定价及回收决策问题,构建制造商和零售商回收模式下链上成员Stackelberg博弈模型。结果表明,随着消费者对绿色产品偏好提升,碳减排努力、链上成员利润及社会福利等均增长;提高梯次利用比例将增加零售商回收模式下零售商利润、两种回收模式下制造商利润及社会福利,尤其引入区块链及制造商回收对社会福利影响显著;采用区块链单位成本满足一定阈值时,采用区块链有利于提升需求量和碳减排努力。     

面向再制造的废旧电子产品回收定价和收入共享契约研究

考虑由制造商、分销商和零售商组成的废旧电子产品回收再制造三级闭环供应链。首先在分散决策和集中决策两种情况下,对零售商分别基于自身利润最大化和供应链整体利润最大化建立了数学模型,得到了零售商回收废旧电子产品的最优定价,随后针对再制造产品建立了收入共享契约模型,并对收入共享契约参数进行了求解。     

质量和包修期限的优化决策及其供应链绩效

文章从上下游互动的角度采用博弈论的理论方法分析研究了家电行业中包修期限承诺和质量提升努力对供应链整体绩效的影响及其最优的均衡结果。在质量提升努力和包修期限长短对市场需求和企业成本变化影响的定性定量分析的基础上分别建立了三个彼此相关的供应链策略互动的斯坦克伯格博弈模型,分别求出了制造商决策的最优质量水平、承诺包修期限和批发价格策略,以及零售商的最优价格策略,通过比较上述三种不同情形下企业利润的变化得到了一些可能有助于企业经营管理决策的建议。     

政府补贴下竞争闭环供应链回收再制造决策模型分析

文章以博弈论为研究方法,基于政府对制造商废品回收进行补贴和不补贴两种情形,分析零售商、第三方废品回收商价格竞争环境下,由制造商、零售商和第三方废品回收商组成的再制造闭环供应链决策前后最优策略的变化。研究结果表明:政府对制造商废品回收进行补贴时,零售商、第三方废品回收商的废品回收量、回收价格、废品出售价格以及制造商、零售商、第三方废品回收商的利润均高于政府不提供补贴时的情形,且政府补贴程度越大,上述值越大。最后通过数值算例和仿真分析验证了模型的正确性。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.