我国农村田园综合体产业扶贫模式探析——以湖南省邵阳市吴家村为例

田园综合体作为产业扶贫的新模式,为精准扶贫和乡村发展做出了积极的贡献。本文以湖南省邵阳市新邵县龙溪铺镇吴家村五郎文化田园综合体为例,通过调查了解该田园综合体项目信息,总结和探讨该田园综合体产业扶贫的模式、积极作用与存在的问题,试图提供具有一定借鉴作用的建议。     

长株潭城市群田园综合体建设发展研究——以浔龙河小镇为例

长株潭城市群积极相应国家乡村振兴和建设美丽乡村的号召，着力发展集现代农业、休闲旅游、田园社区为一体的特色小镇和乡村综合发展的田园综合体模式。文章总结了田园综合体的意义，长株潭城市群农业发展现状，对比分析国内外田园综合体发展经验，选取长株潭城市群有代表性的浔龙河小镇田园综合体项目为样本，分析田园综合体可持续发展存在核心问题，为后续研究长株潭城市群区域内田园综合体项目可持续发展路径提出了相关建议。     

村民参与精准扶贫的困境及其对策建议——基于黑龙江省林甸县东兴乡的扶贫实践

精准扶贫政策是我国现代化进程中针对不同地区的贫困情况所提出的新举措,有利于促进乡村治理现代化。在精准扶贫政策实施中加强村民参与具有重要现实意义。基于黑龙江省林甸县东兴乡的扶贫实践,通过梳理村民参与精准扶贫的重要性,以有利于优化扶贫治理模式、有利于提高扶贫工作效益、有利于构建长效扶贫机制。通过分析村民参与在精准扶贫工作中的困境发现,在精准识别工作中村民参与不足、在精准帮扶工作中村民参与被弱化、在精准管理工作中村民参与被排斥等问题严重制约精准扶贫工作的开展。研究结果表明,在精准扶贫工作中需要提高村民参与的地位和作用,促进村民参与社会协作,推进村民参与体制机制改革,以推动农村现代化进程。     

我国精准扶贫政策的困境及对策研究——以四川省甘孜州稻城县精准扶贫为例

本文以稻城县为研究对象,对该县的精准扶贫工作情况进行调查,并通过相关的扶贫理论与当地具体实际的结合,分析在扶贫中存在的问题,并在对这些问题进行详细分析之后,提出相应的解决策略.笔者经过对稻城县精准扶贫政策实施情况的实证研究发现:扶贫工作中存在脱贫标准实现度不高、巩固脱贫成果缺乏持续动力、政策设计和落实存在偏差等问题,这些问题在精准扶贫实践中具有代表性和典型性.针对扶贫发展中的典型问题,本文提出发挥贫困户主体作用,摆脱输入式扶贫;发挥各类组织在脱贫中引导作用,联动扶贫主体与脱贫主体;发挥政府的主导作用,进一步调动和整合扶贫资源;发挥群众、第三方和政府的监督作用,确保脱贫扎实推进等方面的举措.     

旅游综合体——助推城市产业经济发展的新模式

本文阐述了旅游综合体的概念,分析了旅游综合体在特大城市、一般性城市、乡村地区、风景区4种类型的区域中助推当地产业经济转型、升级、发展的内在机制,并进行了相关成功案例的解读,认为旅游综合体是休闲经济时代整合创造新产业业态、激发经济潜能的有效杠杆和模式。     

旅游综合体——助推城市产业经济发展的新模式

本文阐述了旅游综合体的概念,分析了旅游综合体在特大城市、一般性城市、乡村地区、风景区4种类型的区域中助推当地产业经济转型、升级、发展的内在机制,并进行了相关成功案例的解读,认为旅游综合体是休闲经济时代整合创造新产业业态、激发经济潜能的有效杠杆和模式.     

乡村旅游精准扶贫的现实困境及破解路径探析

乡村旅游精准扶贫是一种典型的产业扶贫创新方式,在创新乡村发展模式、拓宽农户增收渠道;改善乡村生产生活条件;再塑乡村价值等方面具有重要意义。当前,乡村旅游精准扶贫存在资金严重不足、农村"空心化"现象严重、贫困村民参与意识不强、人才资源缺乏等现实困境。要破解这些困境,必须吸纳多元化的社会资金参与乡村旅游精准扶贫;注重精准识别贫困人口,进行有针对性帮扶;促进农村产业融合发展,拓宽和延伸产业链;引入专业化人才,打造"创新型""创意型"乡村旅游精品;构建长效性培训机制,提升贫困农户参与乡村旅游的整体素质和能力。     

乡村旅游开发对少数民族村寨现代化的作斥与和谐乡村文化构建探析——以玉溪新平县大沐浴村为例

乡村旅游开发对少数民族村寨现代化具有积极的推动作用,可以增加村民的经济收入,加速少数民族村寨现代化建设的步伐,培养当地村民的现代素质。但是,开展乡村旅游所带来的现代化效应也对少数民族村寨产生了生态和传统文化上的冲击。本文通过对玉溪地区新平县漠沙镇大沐浴村发展乡村旅游的实证研究。提出了在乡村旅游开发过程中如何对少数民族社区和传统文化进行保护、创新、发展,构建和谐乡村文化。     

以田园综合体为载体推进乡村振兴战略

2018年是实施乡村振兴战略的开局之年,而田园综合体正是实施乡村振兴战略的重要载体,其通过生产、生活、生态共生,实现农业、加工业、服务业三产融合,从而构建现代化农业产业体系、生产体系和经营体系,实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。文章通过对田园综合体内涵的把握、政策要点的梳理,探索打造田园综合体的具体路径,具有一定的应用价值。     

乡村旅游开发对少数民族村寨现代化的作用与和谐乡村文化构建探析——以玉溪新平县大沐浴村为例

乡村旅游开发对少数民族村寨现代化具有积极的推动作用,可以增加村民的经济收入,加速少数民族村寨现代化建设的步伐,培养当地村民的现代素质.但是,开展乡村旅游所带来的现代化效应也对少数民族村寨产生了生态和传统文化上的冲击.本文通过对玉溪地区新平县漠沙镇大沐浴村发展乡村旅游的实证研究,提出了在乡村旅游开发过程中如何对少数民族社区和传统文化进行保护、创新、发展,构建和谐乡村文化.     

Recent rural growth in China: the performance of the rural small-scale enterprises, 1980–86

This article focuses on the evaluation of the process of growth in rural China since the 1978 rural economic reforms. By dividing the rural economy into two sectors: the agricultural sector and the RSE (rural small scale enterprises) sector, it analyses the relative contributions of labour, capital and other factors. Two major findings are that the RSE sector has its marginal labour productivity double that of the agricultural sector over 1980–86 and the high-income regions (mainly the coastal provinces open to world exports) exhibited a positive role of increasing returns to scale. This trend lends strong support to the market-based incentives offered by the openness in free trade which influenced the coastal provinces of the RSE sector.     

景区依托型乡村旅游的发展模式研究——以浙江省杭州市桐庐县乡村旅游为例

用国际通用的现代化评价指标判断,中等发达地区以现代化发展水平和历史阶段,大体上代表着全国总体的平均水平。所以,通过选取杭州市桐庐县乡村旅游为例,借助单因素方差分析和多元虚拟回归分析方法,得出游客满意度的差异,以其主因子作为切入点,分析出以桐庐县为代表的景区依托型乡村旅游的发展模式,进而为中国景区依托型乡村旅游提供借鉴。     

农村劳动力转移对农村经济负面效应的分析

农村劳动力的转移对发展农村经济、增加农民收入有着极为重要的意义.但必须清醒认识到农村经济近三十年发展变化到现阶段,劳动力已经开始从绝对剩余向相对剩余转变,如果不能认识到这个转变,将对发展现代农业、繁荣农村经济产生极为不利的负面影响.     

Trust, trustworthiness, and risk in rural Paraguay

This dissertation looks at the relationship between trust, trustworthiness, and risk aversion in a rural Paraguayan setting. The first chapter of this dissertation looks at theft between farmers. Rural areas of developing countries often lack effective legal enforcement. However, villagers who know each other well and interact repeatedly may use implicit contracts to minimize crime. I construct a dynamic limited-commitment model in which a thief cannot credibly commit to forego stealing from his fellow villagers but may be induced to limit his stealing by the promise of future gifts from his potential victim. Using a unique survey from rural Paraguay which combines traditional data on production with information on theft, gifts, and trust, as well as with experiments measuring trust and trustworthiness, I test whether the data is consistent with predictions from the dynamic model. The results provide evidence that, in contrast with predictions from a one-period model with an anonymous thief, farmers do implicitly contract with one another to limit theft. Farmers who have more close family members in their village give fewer gifts, and farmers with plots which are more difficult to steal from give fewer gifts, experience less theft, and trust more. Gift-giving increases when trust is lower and the threat of theft is greater, turning the social capital literature on its head. The second chapter of this dissertation looks at a different linkage between trust, trustworthiness, and risk. Trusting behavior in general and play in the traditional trust experiment specifically depend both on trust beliefs and on levels of risk aversion. I ran two experiments with a diverse set of subjects in fifteen villages of rural Paraguay, the traditional trust experiment and a new experiment measuring only risk aversion. I find that risk attitudes are highly predictive of play in the trust game. In addition, omitting risk aversion as a regressor in trust regressions significantly changes the coefficients of important explanatory variables such as gender and wealth. The chair of this dissertation committee was Ethan Ligon and the other committee members were George Akerlof and Elisabeth Sadoulet.     

Economic growth,the nature of growth and poverty reduction in rural China

This paper examines some of the major driving forces of poverty reduction in China. Based on time series and cross-sectional provincial data, the determinants of rural poverty incidence are estimated. The results show that economic growth is an essential and necessary condition for nationwide poverty reduction. It is not, however, a sufficient condition. While economic growth played a dominant role in reducing poverty through the mid-1990s, its impact has diminished since that time. Beyond general economic growth, growth in specific sectors of the economy is also found to be effective in reducing poverty. The finding of our paper is consistent with the idea that poverty reduction in the future will need to be adjusted with more emphasis being given on direct targeting through helping the poor to increase their human capital and incomes.     

农村基层视阈下农村籍大学生的就业之路

城市就业形势日益严峻、就业空间不断缩小,农村籍大学生凭自身的优势,回农村基层就业不失为一个双赢的选择,既能充分施展自己的才华,体现自己的人生价值,又能为新农村建设输送新鲜血液,改善农村的经济、政治、文化、社会生态,促进我国广大农村经济社会又好又快发展。     

Economic reform,growth and the poor: Evidence from rural Ethiopia

A new decomposition of poverty changes is developed to analyse the determinants of poverty changes during a period of economic reform (1989–1995) in villages in Ethiopia. Poverty fell substantially, but with diverse experiences across villages. Shocks mattered, but the main factors driving consumption changes were relative prices changes, resulting in changes in the returns to land, labour, human capital and location. The experience of the poor is mixed: one group of the poor in 1989, with relatively good land and location, outperformed all other households, while another group with much poorer endowments and location experienced virtually unchanged and persistent poverty.     

Government success,failure of the market: a case study of rural India

Contrary to current thinking, in this paper we argue that a careful examination of government intervention suggests that governments did not fail in all their interventions. For example, in terms of achieving self‐sufficiency in food requirements, Indian government intervention was highly successful. However, in terms of solving rural poverty, the government left it to the market, and the market failed to resolve the poverty problem. Rural poverty, instead of falling, increased and subsequently, the government had to intervene to address the poverty.     

Poverty,undernutrition and vulnerability in rural India: role of rural public works and food for work programmes

This paper analyses the effects of access to Rural Public Works (RPW) or Food for Work programme (FFW) on consumption poverty, vulnerability and undernutrition in India using the large household data sets constructed by the National Sample Survey for 1993 and 2004. The treatment-effects model is used to take account of sample selection bias in evaluating the effects of RPW in 1993 or FFW in 2004 on poverty. We have found significant and negative effects of participation in RPW and the Food for Work Programme on poverty, undernutrition (e.g. protein) and vulnerability in 1993 and 2004.     

Moral hazard,land fertility and sharecropping in a rural area of the Philippines

Introducing concerns about land fertility for landlords in a Principal–Agent model of sharecropping with moral hazard, we show that the optimal contract under limited commitment reflects a trade-off between production and land quality maintenance. Using data from the Philippines, a model where the leasing out and contract choices are simultaneous is estimated and avoids the selectivity bias of observed contracts. Landlords prefer to use more incentive contracts for more fertile plots and less incentive ones when crop choices induce land overuse. Empirical tests reject the model of pure risk sharing in production and show the interest of taking land quality maintenance into account.