新型城镇化背景下地方政府债务风险管理研究

新型城镇化的发展要求加快基础设施建设,而肩负基础设施建设投融资重任的地方政府只拥有有限的财力,这就造成了地方政府大举借债来保证建设。在地方政府债务风险凸显的情况下,本文结合新型城镇化背景,分析了地方政府债务风险的现状和产生原因,并针对性地提出了几点防范和化解该风险的建议以供参考。     

加强政府投融资平台监管与防范化解地方政府性风险研究

政府投融资平台是我国应对国际金融危机冲击下产生的投融资主体.地方政府投融资平台承担着统筹协调政府的基础设施建设职能,为地方基础设施建设提供资金支持,具有特定的运作模式,由政府直接监管,构建直接融资和间接融资相结合的融资渠道.随着地方政府投融资平台不断增加,由于其还款来源的特殊性,其隐含着越来越显著的债务风险.而且对于投融资平台而言,政府主管部门还没有制定完善的监督法律法规体系,存在管理缺乏标准规范等不少弊端.为了实现有效地防范政府性风险的目的,应当科学合理地监管投融资平台.     

山西省地方融资平台问题与对策研究

近年来,随着城镇化进程加快和地方财政收入增长放缓,山西省不断推动地方融资平台的建设,以解决城镇化投融资难题。但随着地方政府融资平台数量、规模、及融资数额的不断扩大暴露出了许多问题。如何合理解决这些问题,促进地方投融资平台规范发展,降低融资和债务风险,推动山西地方经济转型发展显得尤为迫切。本文从山西省投融资平台运行的现状出发,在充分分析平台建设特点、存在风险的基础上提出了规范地方政府融资平台建设,并寻求新的融资渠道促进地方经济增长的建议。     

基础设施投融资的国际比较及对中国县域城镇化的启示

建立高效、可持续的县域城镇化投融资体系,从而为县域城镇化和新农村建设提供长期、稳定的资金来源,是城乡统筹战略的关键环节。美国地方政府在基础设施建设融资中,充分利用其发达的资本市场,主要通过发行市政债券来获得大量资金,经过200余年的发展,形成了一整套完善的市政债券市场发行和风险管理机制。加拿大通过对基础设施融资实施有效的政府管理,既大大降低了融资成本,又保证了基础设施项目的经济实用、合理布局以及高效。本文在总结和借鉴国内外经验教训的基础上,提出了构建中国县域城镇化投融资体系的政策建议。     

地方融资平台的债务风险及防范措施研究

地方融资平台自诞生以来,突破法律、体制和政策的多重约束,多渠道筹集建设资金,为加快地方城镇化和工业化发展做出了重要贡献.但同时也暴露出了负债规模过大、风险过高的问题.本文研究和分析了地方融资平台债务风险的实质、形成原因和发展现状,并就此提出改进融资平台建设、控制债务风险的对策建议.一、融资平台债务风险的实质及形成成因1.融资平台债务风险的实质本文主要研究地方融资平台可能引发的债务风险,而融资平台是地方政府在财力不足情况下,为解决城市建设巨额资金需求而组建的平台公司,是地方政府职能的衍生载体,主要代行地方政府的资金筹集和支出职能.融资平台自诞生以来,多渠道筹集建设资金,为加快地方城镇化和工业化发展做出了重要贡献.然而,地方政府投融资平台在撬动金融资本加速地区经济、社会发展的同时,也积累了巨额的政府债务,由此形成了债务风险.因此,本文认为,融资平台的风险实质是地方政府的债务风险,其终极表现就是政府无力偿还债务.     

我国地方政府债务管理新政分析

伴随我国经济的不断发展和城镇化水平的提高,全国各地基础设施等领域的政府类投资不断扩大,地方政府融资平台和地方政府债务不断攀升,随之而来融资规模扩张过快、潜在财政风险增加等问题逐渐显现。从近几年的政策层面上看,中央不断发布新法规、新条例,用以理清政府与市场之间的关系,明确政府投资主体和政府在履行投融资职能时应承担的责任与义务。本文从地方政府债务管理现状及问题出发,分析了当前我国新政出台的新形势,最后结合新政背景,对未来地方政府债务管理趋势进行了预测。     

地方政府投融资平台债务融资风险分析

地方政府可以依靠投融资平台来实现融资,以此更好地提供公共服务,对基础设施进行完善,改善当地居民的生产生活条件.但是,部分地方政府在缺乏有效控制的情况下,产生了过度融资的问题,引发了相应风险问题,而且融资规模的盲目扩张也使得资金结构欠缺合理性.本文结合地方政府投融资平台债务融资的运行机制,对地方政府投融资平台债务融资风险...     

政府性债务风险控制与新型城镇化建设的协调

地方政府债务隐忧已逐渐显现.为了全面掌控风险,审计署进行了第三次政府性债务审计,这次审计对于政府级别、债务确认范围、时间范围都比前两次有所扩大,这必将影响地方政府的融资工作.与此相对应,城镇化的推进需要巨量的政府融资作为支撑,债务风险控制和融资需求增大出现博弈.社会期待深化财税体制改革,建立健康规范的政府投融资机制,引进多元化资金参与,以保证城镇化建设的稳步推进.     

城镇化与地方政府融资的生成路径识别与量化测算

根据国家“十二五”发展规划,到2015年我国城镇化率由现在的47．5％提高到515％。这对城市基础设施建设提出了集中、大规模的需求。基础设施建设日益增加的资金需求,将对整个公共融资系统造成压力。过去,地方政府追求高政绩,为推进城镇化建设的进程过度融资进行基础设施建设其主要通过出售土地获得收入来解决资金不足,但随着中国政府采取从严限制土地的政策,依赖土地融资注定将比过去更加困难。未来,城市建设投资存在一个相当大的资金缺口,这一缺口的存在决定了未来我国地方政府有巨大的融资需求。面临着地方政府融资需求和融资平台债务风险巨大压力本文通过对城镇化进程中地方政府融资的生成路径进行识别,并且测算出我国地方政府融资需栽为地方政府合理规划基础设施建设和安排融资力度提供了依据并在此基础上提出城镇化进程中地方政府“政府主导、社会参与、市场运作、风险共担”良性运行的开发性融资机制。以减轻地方政府融资债务风险。     

地方政府投融资平台贷款风险分析

2009年以来,在国家刺激经济复苏一系列政策牵引下,各级地方政府依托政府信用,纷纷建立了众多的投融资平台,进行贷款等大量债务融资活动,用于交通、城建、水利等基础设施和公共事业项目建设,有力促进了当地基础设施和公用事业发展,     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.