The impact of license regulation on the number of recreation trips: is it worth considering?

A two-stage nonlinear least-squares model (2NLS) with an endogenous treatment effect on recreation trips describes the behavior of recreationists with and without a fishing/hunting license. The proposed 2NLS is applied to the derivation of the policy-relevant average gains in the presence of an endogeneity bias to a license fee implementation program regulated by states. Recreationists who purchased a license are likely to recreate more than are the nonlicensed holders because the regulation may reduce congestions at sites where licensee visit often. The license regulation has a greater impact on the use of natural resources after controlling observed and unobserved confounders which might be correlated with the probability of being a license holder and with the final outcome, the number of recreation trips. We confirm that the individual without a permit regards the recreation trip as less valuable than does the individual having a license permit. We also found that the likelihood of purchasing a license among young adult recreationists is not at the level the states may desire. In addition, the number of trips demanded is more responsive to the nontransportation-related implicit travel cost than to the transportation-related implicit travel cost, although travel implicit costs are price inelastic.      

Financialisation and Real Investment in the European Union: Beneficial or Prejudicial Effects?

This article presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between financialisation and real investment for non-financial corporations using panel data composed of 27 European Union countries over 19 years (1995 to 2013). On the one hand, financialisation leads to a rise in financial investments, diverting funds from real investments (‘crowding out’ effect); on the other, pressures from shareholders to intensify financial payments restrict the funds available for new real investments. We estimate an aggregate investment equation with the traditional variables (lagged investment, profitability, debt, cost of capital, corporate savings and output growth) and two further measures of financialisation (financial receipts and financial payments). The findings demonstrate that financialisation has damaged real investment in European Union countries, mainly through the channel of financial payments, either by interest or dividend payments. It is also found that the prejudicial effects of financialisation on investment were more severe in the pre-2007 crisis period. It is concluded that financialisation contributed to a slowdown of real investment by 1 to 8 per cent in the full and pre-crisis period, respectively. During the pre-crisis period, financialisation was the main driver of the slowdown of investment in the European Union.     

The coefficient of the whole is an average of the coefficients of its parts: A special case of restricted least squares

This paper provides a consistent estimate of the bound of the marginal effect of an unobserved right-hand side variable on the dependent variable when only the sum of that variable with a positively correlated variable is available.     

CPI bias and real living standards in Russia during the transition

The economies of the former Soviet Bloc experienced large declines in output during the decade of transition which began with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Yet there are many reasons to believe that measured output and official deflators provide a poor proxy for the change in real living standards in transition economies. This paper uses the Engel curve methodology developed by Hamilton [Hamilton, B. 2001. “Using Engel's Law to Estimate CPI Bias” American Economic Review 91(3): 619–630] to examine changes in real living standards in Russia during the transition period and to provide an estimate of how much the official Russian CPI has overstated consumer inflation. We also examine changes in consumer durables, home production, and subjective well-being to further evaluate changes in living standards. Our findings indicate that CPI bias has caused a substantial understatement of the growth performance of the Russian economy during the transition. Even just allowing household final consumption to be deflated with bias, we find that the level of real per capita GDP in 2001 may be understated by up to 30% compared with using a bias-corrected deflator. Our analysis of consumer durables, home production, and subjective well-being supports the conclusion that the decline in living standards has been substantially less than what is inferred by looking at official statistics on real output.     

开放式区域经济系统中的能源尾效研究

从开放式区域经济系统的研究视角出发,构建了基于超越对数生产函数的能源模型,采用偏最小二乘回归方法消除模型的多重共线性,估计了参数。并利用1995~2010年的数据,定量测度了新疆的能源增长尾效。研究发现,能源对新疆经济增长影响的\"尾效\"逐年增加,均值为2.17%,高于全国的尾效值。利用灰色预测法,可以预测2015年新疆的能源\"尾效\"将增大到2.75%。能源约束对新疆经济的可持续增长有重大影响。     

中国农业投入和产出的关系——基于偏最小二乘回归法的分析

利用1985—2006年关于中国农业投入与产出的相关数据,采用偏最小二乘回归法,对中国农业投入和产出的关系进行了研究。研究发现:我国农业产出主要受家庭经营费用支出、国家财政支农支出和化肥投入量的影响,受播种面积的影响不大;农林牧渔业从业人员数越多,农业产出反而越小。提出如下建议:增加国家财政支农支出,以提高农村机械化水平和加强农业基础设施建设;改革农村土地流转模式,以促进农村剩余劳动力转移,进而提高农业生产效率。     

从三次产业研究经济增长与CPI的相互关系

居民消费价格指数CPI反映了消费品的零售价格和服务价格变动对城乡居民实际生活费支出的影响程度,是代表物价水平的重要物价指数。经济增长通常使用GDP增长表示。根据GDP生产法,GDP是三次产业总产值之和。通过线性回归模型分析了三次产业的生产总值增长率与CPI增长率的比例关系。实证结果表明：GDP与三次产业生产总值同时都与CPI增长率成正比例,其中第一产业生产总值增长率与CPI增长率的相关性最强。     

国际原油价格对国内价格短期传导效应研究

近两年来,国际原油价格大起大落,而随着我国经济对进口原油依存度的不断提高,国际原油价格的波动势必会对我国国内价格产生影响.本文基于这一热点问题,分析了其传导机制,并运用联立方程递归模型分析了其滞后效应,验证了国际原油价格主要是通过影响PPI,进而影响CPI以及直接影响CPI的两条传导途径,且测算了其滞后效应.     

基于方差分析的中国CPI与月份的关系研究

CPI是消费市场的温度计,也是宏观经济的体检表,它在现代经济社会中具有十分重要的地位和作用。由于CPI具有跟随月份的变化高低起伏的特性,通过方差分析方法分析月份与CPI的之间的关系,探讨二者之间是否存在内在规律性的联系。实证分析表明,月份和CPI之间没有显著性的关系。     

中国2003-2008年CPI与PPI相互关系的统计研究

文章运用计量经济学方法对两组2003年1月至2008年11月间我国月度CPI和PPI数据进行了分析。甲组为按照上年同期为100计算的累计指标,乙组为按上年同月为100计算的同月比指标。结果显示在两组数据中CPI和PPI在常态下为非稳定的时间序列,并且两者间不存在长期均衡关系即协整关系。这一结论同产业链观点相悖。     

基于仿生学的创新型中小企业高成长机制实证研究——来自中国中小上市公司的数据

笔者运用仿生学原理对创新型中小企业成长范式进行探讨,构建创新型中小企业高成长机制模型,提出模型由成长能力、生存状态和成长潜力三个维度组成。基于108家上市公司的实证检验结果表明,高、中低成长性两组企业的成长机制存在显著差异;高成长性企业要素水平明显高于中低成长性企业,生存状态和成长潜力对该组企业成长有双重影响作用;技术创新对高成长性企业有直接作用,技术创新和产品竞争能力对中低成长性企业影响不显著。     

Consumption and nutrition: Age–intake profiles for Czechoslovakia 1989–92

This paper provides non-parametric estimates of the relation between nutrient intake and age for Czechoslovak individuals, as a function of both the characteristics of the individual and of their household, on the basis of household purchases. Results show no significant difference between the age-energy intake profiles of men and women. The decomposition of this intake between carbohydrates, lipids (i.e., fats) and proteins shows a lack of balance in the diet in Czechoslovakia, but significant progress toward a more balanced diet has taken place over the period. Finally, household characteristics such as the woman's level of education, or household income, have at most a marginal impact on these profiles.     

Time variation in Okun’s law in Sweden

In this article we estimate an Okun’s law relationship for Sweden using a model with time-varying parameters. Employing quarterly data from 1982 to 2014, results indicate that the GDP growth needed to keep the unemployment rate unchanged in the long rung has fallen considerably over the last 10 years.     

HOW DO SPATIAL SPILLOVERS DIFFUSE IN SCIENCE–INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS? THE CASE OF FRENCH BIOTECH SECTOR

The objective of this article is to study the interactions that exist between public research and private research in the French biotechnology sector. These interactions are observable at a double level. On the one hand, public research can influence private research, and conversely. Researchers of these two spheres develop important relations of cooperation. We then seek to identify these mutual influences and to measure their spatial dimension. Using asymptotic least squares method, we show that spillovers can diffuse through cooperation in upstream and downstream phases of the innovation process. On the other hand, spillovers resulting from public or private research, when measured by an external stock of knowledge, would be located, in so far as they exist.     

The Empirical Analysis of China International Capital Flows＇ Effective Factors

采用加权最小二乘法对我国国际资本流动与影响因素之间进行回归估计,并运用平稳性检验和协整检验方法验证结果的准确性,根据研究发现,国家开放程度是影响中国国际资本流动最重要的因素,其次为国家政策和汇率状况,中国国际资本流动是综合因素作用的结果。     

中国国际资本流动影响因素的实证分析

采用加权最小二乘法对我国国际资本流动与影响因素之间进行回归估计,并运用平稳性检验和协整检验方法验证结果的准确性,根据研究发现,国家开放程度是影响中国国际资本流动最重要的因素,其次为国家政策和汇率状况,中国国际资本流动是综合因素作用的结果。