浅谈善意取得制度的构成要件及法律效果

我国新颁布的《物权法》中已经明确规定了善意取得制度。本文简要介绍了善意取得制度的起源,善意取得制度在我国现行法上的规定及在新颁布《物权法》中的体现,从而结合《物权法》中关于善意取得制度的规定,得出善意取得制度的构成要件,即为:受让人须为善意;让与人须为无权处分人;受让人须通过有偿的法律行为而取得所有权;客体为动产或不动产;让与人须为合理的占有人。以及善意取得制度的法律效果,即原权利人因善意取得使其标的物的所有权发生消灭。     

票据善意取得制度渊源与完善

起源于日耳曼法的善意取得制度，因其有助于稳定社会经济秩序，已被大多数国家的民事立法所确认。在我国，虽然票据法对票据善意取得制度已有相关规定，但在民法中无法找到它的依据、而其他相关行政规章又缺乏系统性、从而严重阻碍了票据交易及市场化建设，为此我国应以适当的立法形式系统地构建票据善意取得制度。     

《票据法》存在问题及修改建议初探（下）

随着经济金融环境的不断变化和票据业务的发展。《票据法》逐渐显露出其不完善的一面。我国《票据法》的缺漏，不足以及与国际票据法的冲突急需加以修改、补充和完善．本期继续讨论了票据的参加制度、补救制度、利益退还请求投和票据截留四个问题．并对空白票据、汇率适用的问题也做了简单的建议。     

期后背书的法律性质

根据《票据法》第十七条第一款第（一）项，系争票据的票据权利消灭时效未满；根据《票据法》第二十九条第二款，背书未记载日期不影响背书效力，推定为在汇票到期日前完成背书；仅依据票据流通时间反常的单一事实，也难以证明你行对持票人是否善意受让的怀疑。但本案存在一个特殊情况，即虽然票面记载背后日期，你行已发现原告于到期日后受让票据。如能证明持票人取得票据确在到期日之后，则本案自不能适用《票据法》第二十九第二款推定背书日期在票据到期日之前，而产生票据期后背书问题。如此，则你行可以对原告原的付款请求进行抗辩。     

我国票据诉讼制度探究

票据因遗失、灭失等发生票据事故失去票据的时候,失票人就无法行使其票据权利,其利益也自然受损。为使失票人免遭利益损失,我国《票据法》规定了挂失止付、公示催告以及请求付款诉讼三种补救措施。可是,从英美法体系中移植到我国票据法中的请求付款诉讼这一制度却在我国并没能发挥应有的作用,对此问题,本文从中、英、美不同的法律规定出发,探究原因,积极开展讨论。     

浅析空白票据若干基础问题

空白票据是为满足市场需求之产物,对传统票据严格要式性的突破。各国立法和判例,为促进票据流通和商事发展同时,维护票据秩序、保护善意持票人法益,多在规定欠缺必要记载事项票据不具有法律效力的原则下,容许空白票据的存在和合理使用。而对空白票据制度的学理认识,应以外观理论为基础,结合补充权的作用和票据法的商法特性,方能构成理论与实务的一致性。     

动产善意取得制度之罗马法基础探寻

一般认为动产善意取得制度起源于日耳曼法＂以手护手＂原则,但日耳曼法的＂以手护手＂原则与动产善意取得制度只是在法律效果上相同,其仅是所有权人丧失占有后导致其权利效力减弱的逻辑结果。而罗马法取得时效制度却在逻辑功能、构成要件上都与动产的善意取得存在着共通之处。罗马法取得时效发挥着类似于善意取得的作用,两者名异而神似。     

不动产物权善意取得法律制度之探析

善意取得制度作为物权法中物权的一项重要制度,其设立的宗旨是维护物权交易的动态安全,并调整物权人与第三人之间的利益关系。现在已为世界上大多数国家的民法所确定,但一般都是仅限于动产,对不动产不适用善意取得。现在新颁布的《物权法》对善意取得制度作了明确的规定,正式确定了善意取得制度。既确定了动产的善意取得制度,也确定了不动产的善意取得制度,这样符合我国国情,对维护交易秩序,保护善意第三人的合法权益,调整我国物权关系将会起到重要作用。     

浅议我国空白票据制度的现状及完善

空白票据制度已经为世界上主要国家、地区的票据法及国际公约所认可。相比而言,我国票据立法采用狭窄的、有限的、不完全的空白票据制度,有进一步完善的必要。文章建议要在立法模式上采用《日内瓦统一汇票、本票法》中空白票据的规定；其次,在司法解释或判例中应确立折衷说；再次,扩大空白票据的种类及使用范围；最后,明确规定持票人滥用补充权的票据责任,重视对善意第三人的保护。     

票据权利善意取得制度辨析

随着人们经济交往的日益频繁和密切,经济活动中票据使用的频率也日益增加,使用的领域日益扩大,票据在经济交往中扮演的角色也更加重要。众所周知,票据的生命力在于其强大的流通性。因此,为保护票据交易的安全,促进票据流通,保障当事人特别是善意当事人的合法权益,现代各国凡是制定票据法的国家,均在票据立法及理论中涉及票据权利善意取得制度。本文将就票据权利善意取得制度的基本理论作一介绍,并就票据业务中常见适用问题加以辨析。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.