The Export Behavior of Small and Medium-Sized Israeli Manufacturers

Seventy-five small and medium-sized Israeli firms were surveyed with the aim of determining what factors discriminate between successful and less successful exporters. Success was defined by "stage of export development"; three stages were identified:"partially interested,"growing" and "successful." Using stage of development as a dependent variable (export behavior), the findings suggest that the ability to command the necessary resources for an export campaign, the expectation of export benefits and the perception of export risk are among the determinants of success.     

Technological Progress by Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan

This paper examines various aspects of total factor productivity across different firm sizes in Japan. It shows that larger firms have higher total factor productivity levels and growth than smaller firms. There are, however, some exceptions to this pattern especially in the electric machinery sector where small firms tend to have the edge. The paper also finds that two distinctive characteristics of small and medium firms, the practice of subcontracting and the use of external patents, are positively related to total factor productivity growth while the availability of subsidized public loans is not.     

Small Firm Survival and Technological Activity

The paper investigates the post entry performance of small firms competing under different technological environments. Small firm survival is compared over technical and non-technical products and over stages of differing technological activity. The empirical results, in the context of the product life-cycle framework, show that small firms enjoy a higher probability of survival in stages of high technological activity, and in products that are more technical in nature. Technological activity is also seen to affect the shape of the hazard rate function, implying that the relation between technological activity, age and small firm survival may be complex.     

Trade Liberalisation and Capital Spending by US Manufacturers

This is the first paper to study the impact of long‐term tariff reductions on capital spending by US manufacturers. We investigate fluctuations in investment for approximately 400 different four‐digit industries during the period 1974–2005. Our results indicate that the dismantling of tariff and quota protection has had a stimulatory effect on US manufacturing investment, despite the relatively low average tariff rate that existed at the start of our sample period. However, our findings reveal that reductions in input tariffs rather than output tariffs were the source of this effect, suggesting that better access to foreign inputs rather than increased foreign competition at the output level served as the primary stimulus for increased US manufacturing investment.     

提高科技型中小企业创业成功率的关键——创业选择

多数科技型中小企业寿命很短,人们往往从外部环境或内部经营方面来找原因,其实导致科技型中小企业成功率低的根本原因在于创业初期的三方面选择,即行业选择,创办模式与制度选择,创新战略的选择。只有初期选择正确,中小企业才能健康快速成长。     

技术革新小成果——皮带机移动拖架设计

介绍了一种非常实用的移动式拖架,解决了移动式皮带机与入送机在使用中需经常移动、费人费力的问题。     

中小企业技术创新金融支持体系中外比较

中小企业是技术进步的重要媒介。但是,由于中小企业自身资产较少,又很难从银行和资本市场获得资金,政府对其支持的力度也不够,使中小企业缺乏进行技术创新的资金。实践证明,资金不足是中小企业技术创新的最大障碍。所以,各国都在积极采取各种措施,完善金融支持体系,促进中小企业的技术创新。     

Starting Small: How Icewine Diffused in the Mature Canadian Wine Field

How do small players' product innovations initially diffuse within a mature organizational field? This paper studies endogenous and exogenous factors that facilitate the spread of a product innovation—icewine—introduced by small players within the Canadian wine field. Using data from 1985 to 2000, I find support for my hypotheses that environmental jolts, theorization of small players' innovations by small players within the media, and innovation recognition by authorities in other more prestigious fields increased the extent to which icewine has been diffused within the field. Specifically, my study sheds light on how small players can initiate change within mature fields with the support of other institutional players.     

供应商管理库存在我国制造企业的应用研究

本文认为,制造企业普遍实施供应商管理库存(VMI)来减少企业存货,提高存货周转率。相互信任的伙伴关系、信息技术基础和供应商拥有存货的所有权是实施VMI的关键点,但是并不一定是实施VMI的必要条件。文章认为,我国制造商实施VMI的主要目的在于降低存货成本和延长付款周期,从长期来看,VMI的机制有利于降低整个供应链的存货水平;VMI的实施需要理念的灌输、合适的产品和一个好的评估方法体系。     

中小企业技术创新投资的运行机制研究——一种基于实物期权理论的解释模型

本文认为,中小企业技术创新的运行过程是一个高风险的动态决策过程.就中小企业技术创新运行机制而言,其投资决策的高风险性和动态序列性使得投资主体拥有较多的选择权,从这个角度分析,技术创新的投资实际上是一组投资主体所拥有的选择权(期权)的价值,可以为创新投资者提供更多的投资于技术创新发展或商品化、产业化的一种实物期权.技术创新包含的实物期权是非常复杂的,而这一系列实物期权的设立、行权或延期、放弃过程,则构成了技术创新的运行过程.从决策行为模式的角度分析,技术创新实物期权可分为三种,即增长期权、延迟或学习期权、放弃期权.     

我国商标在国外被抢注的分析与对策

在国际市场上,我国很多知名企业商标遭到国外公司或个人的抢注,给我国企业带来巨大的恶劣影响。商标在国外被抢注,是由于我国企业商标国际化注册意识薄弱和对商标产权保护意识薄弱,以及对国外法律不了解造成的。为了防范商标国外被抢注,我国企业必须采取相关措施进行防范。     

International Strategy Formation in Small Canadian High-Technology Companies– A Case Study Approach

For some companies, especially in the high technology sector, internationalisation is no longer a matter of choice, but of necessity. This paper explores the strategy development patterns of internationalising small high-technology companies in an environment where windows of opportunity close quickly. Findings from in-depth interviews suggest that emergent strategies within or outside established networks are likely to trigger small high-technology companies' initial internationalisation. Further overseas expansion is constrained by resource availability. This study demonstrates that internationalisation is an iterative process that happens in a holistic way much more than a systematic one. Rather than trying to fit small and medium enterprises' (SMEs') internationalisation patterns into a stage model, managers and policy-makers should recognise the importance of networks. Training and programs could, therefore, help identify strategic networks of importance for the companies and assist them in both contributing and taking advantage of these.     

利用当地生产商资源拓宽国际销售渠道

通过何种销售模式开拓海外市场，是公司营销战略中关键一环。本文将通过飞利浦在中国的营销案例，介绍一种如何避开中间商，利用当地的销售渠道进行跨国销售的模式。     

Technological change and economies of scale in Canadian financial institutions: A selection from competing hypotheses

This study isolates economies of scale from technological change in Canadian financial institutions. By employing the most general translog cost function and by using a sequential Akaike's information criterion test, we select the most appropriate model from 127 possible hypotheses. The results suggest that there exist increasing returns to scale and that technological change is not Hicks-neutral. In fact, technological change has resulted in greater relative expenditures on physical capital. These results suggest that further integration, centralization, and sharing of technology would be benificial in the Canadian financial industry.