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城市建成环境会通过影响居民的体力活动强度,进而影响其身心健康。研究选取北京15个社区进行入户问卷收集数据,采用国际体力活动量表(IPAQ)对居民体力活动强度进行测度,以GIS数据为基础评测社区建成环境,并通过多层线性模型对影响居民体力活动的因素进行校验。研究发现:社区大小、容积率及公园数量对体力活动强度有显著影响,而在既有文献中强调的土地利用混合度、建筑密度等因素并未表现出显著作用,这或许是由于不同国家城市肌理的既有差异所导致。 相似文献
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随着人口老龄化时代来临,养老问题成为人们普遍关心的议题,老年群体对户外环境空间设计提出的要求更高了。文章从康复性及老年人需求的视角研究社区景观环境问题,通过对聊城市养老社区的问卷调查,总结社区户外环境现存问题,深度分析不同自理能力、老龄程度老年群体生理、心理、活动范围、行为活动的特征,总结了聊城市养老社区空间存在的问题,并提出了适老化康复景观融入养老空间设计策略,如休闲空间多元化,社区交通无障碍化,景观设施适老化等。旨在能根据老年群体的不同需求重新界定户外空间,将康复景观融入社区环境,创造多样性的景观功能区。提供科学、具有活力的社区户外景观设计策略,为老年人创造健康幸福的晚年生活。 相似文献
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儿童是社区中的重要参与者,家庭生活的核心,更是联结家庭形成社区组织单元的有效媒介。以一个邻里关系紧密、自治能力发展成熟的社区为对象,综合运用访谈、数理分析和环境行为学等方法进行实证分析,探究以儿童活动为触媒,亲子互洽空间为依托,促进社区关系缔结,并由下至上构建社区自治系统的可能性。主要得到以下结论:(1)陪伴儿童活动有助于提升个体家庭的邻里关系,即儿童能够有效诱使社区交往。(2)亲子共洽空间比传统“儿童友好空间”更利于社区交往。(3)社区交往程度的增加有助于提升个体参与自治单元的深度和社区自治水平。(4)儿童在时间、组织、平台、氛围四个方面推进社区自治。 相似文献
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城市老人、儿童适宜性社区公共空间研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
中国快速的城市化和人口老龄化对城市社区公共空间的适宜性提出更高要求,老人、儿童是参与社区活动的主体人群,良好的环境既可以增进老人邻里交往、提升归属感,也促进了儿童游戏活动,减少肥胖、孤独等不利因素。基于社区公共空间的现存问题,通过对天津市5个社区发放问卷、小组访谈、观察、行为地图等方法收集了老人、儿童的主观空间认知、活动需求、环境偏好数据,用二元和多元的统计方法量化分析老人、儿童的主观评价、活动需求、环境偏好的趋同性和差异性,最后结合居住区规划、景观等设计理论提出适宜性社区公共空间建构策略。 相似文献
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This paper studies purely empirically aspects of the distribution of income within small neighborhoods and contrasts it with the income distribution at higher level of aggregation, such as census tracts and metropolitan areas. It relies on a unique feature of the American Housing Survey, whose 1985, 1989 and 1993 waves provide data for small residential neighborhoods. These consist of a dwelling unit and up to ten of its nearest neighbors. The paper employs several parametric and non-parametric econometric tools to measure income sorting in US residential neighborhoods. It documents the patterns of dependence among neighbors' income and imperfect sorting, with moderate but very significant correlation among incomes of neighbors and of considerable income mixing in US neighborhoods. These results persist even if choice-based sampling and heterogeneity across the sample are accounted for. Neighborhoods associated with a randomly selected renter are more sorted than those associated with an owner even though such owners are more likely to define their neighborhoods. 相似文献
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价值工程是一门技术与经济相结合的现代化管理科学。应用价值工程理论,对工程项目进行科学的分析,对设计方案进行优化选择,不仅从技术上,还要从技术与经济相结合的前提下进行充分论证,在满足工程结构及使用功能要求的前提下,依据经济指标和综合效益选择设计方案,显得越来越重要。 相似文献
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随着中国城市化水平的快速提高,城市人口越来越稠密,电梯公寓逐渐成为了主导的居住形式,这使人们的居住模式发生了改变,邻里关系与从前相比被弱化。而当今住宅设计越来越快速,对设计成果的使用后评价关注较少。本文以成都市电梯公寓入户空间为例,采用多种方法对建成环境进行评价,从而归纳出适于居民交往的入户空间形态,同时探寻更完善的设计流程及对现代住区规划建设做进一步思考。 相似文献
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We investigate how the geographic distance between firms’ headquarters affects their stock price comovement. Our results show that a firm's stock return has stronger comovement with the returns of nearby firms than with those of distant firms. Being in the same state and/or in the same industry strengthens the return comovement, but does not substitute for the negative effect of geographic distance on price comovement. Firms of similar share price and size also show stronger return comovement, but these factors do not mitigate the negative distance impact. Consistent with investor home bias and neighborhood effect literature, our results suggest that investors’ preference for local stocks and their interactions lead to correlated trading in local stocks and therefore stronger local price comovement. 相似文献
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Ronald J. Krumm 《Journal of urban economics》1980,7(2):208-224
A spatial model of household and firm demand and supply of market goods is developed. Housing and neighborhood amenity markets are explicitly considered in deriving market equilibrium. The equilibrium relationships are empirically investigated, yielding important insights into the functioning of the urban economy. Attention is focused on externalities involved in neighborhood markets and the simultaneous determination of housing and amenity market equilibrium. The effect of neighborhood amenities on household equilibrium is of a major magnitude and effects of “externality” variables on both housing and amenity equilibrium are substantiated. The degree of neighborhood homogeneity and the extent of government programs aimed at neighborhood development are found to have significant impacts on housing and amenity markets. 相似文献
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Neighborhood effects of concentrated mortgage foreclosures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As the national mortgage crisis has worsened, an increasing number of communities are facing declining housing prices and high rates of foreclosure. Central to the call for government intervention in this crisis is the claim that foreclosures not only hurt those who are losing their homes to foreclosure, but also harm neighbors by reducing the value of nearby properties and in turn, reducing local governments’ tax bases. The extent to which foreclosures do in fact drive down neighboring property values has become a crucial question for policy-makers. In this paper, we use a unique dataset on property sales and foreclosure filings in New York City from 2000 to 2005 to identify the effects of foreclosure starts on housing prices in the surrounding neighborhood. Regression results suggest that above some threshold, proximity to properties in foreclosure is associated with lower sales prices. The magnitude of the price discount increases with the number of properties in foreclosure, but not in a linear relationship. 相似文献
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Using the sample of Taiwanese female self-employed workers from the Taiwan Women and Family Survey (TWFS) conducted in 1989,
this article explores neighborhood social networks and female self-employment earnings. The evidence from linear regression
and endogenous treatment effect models suggests that an individual’s past provision of personalized assistance to adjacent
neighbors significantly increases current self-employment earnings, with corrections for self-selection into network participation.
An individual’s past voluntary contributions to community organizational activities also significantly increase current earnings,
both with and without corrections for self-selection. However, there are negative self-selections into both cooperative neighborhood
networks and community organizational activities in the sense that female self-employed workers with high earnings capacity
are less likely to choose to participate in these types of social networks. 相似文献
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Joseph S. DeSalvo 《Journal of urban economics》1974,1(3):269-277
In a sample of 50 New York City neighborhoods in which middle-income housing projects were built, assessed values increased by 9.89% per year while control areas increased only 4.64% annually. This upgrading effect is more pronounced in medium-quality neighborhoods than in either the best or the worst neighborhoods. Project size has apparently no effect on the impact of neighborhood upgrading, but project age seems to be positively related to neighborhood upgrading. 相似文献
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In the early 1990s, the Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP) allocated $400 million in public funds for Minneapolis neighborhood groups to spend on improvement projects over the coming 20 years. NRP created the most financially empowered structure of neighborhood governance in any American city. This article describes the institutional design of NRP and then explores several of its political, social and economic consequences. In particular, we examine the character of participation, deliberation and conflict in several NRP neighborhoods, the tensions between neighborhood groups and city offices over this decentralization initiative, the effects of decentralization upon neighborhood‐level social capital, and the nature of goods funded under the Program. 相似文献