从资金取胜到技术取胜

4月12日,国务院公布了《关于进一步做好利用外资工作的若干意见》,企业界内部简称“9号文”,有人认为,“9号文”是一份标志性文件,意味着过去那种无条件的“外资优先”时代结束了,在华外企的“超国民待遇”将不复存在。     

“一带一路”背景下在黔留学生“知华”教育研究——以铜仁职业技术学院为个案分析

“一带一路”倡议的实施不仅有助于促进全球经济复苏,盘活沿线区域经济循环,也深刻影响了沿线国家高等教育交流合作及国际教育的发展.伴随“一带一路”倡议的深入实施,原沿线国家和地区来华留学生的主要接收省份学位也逐渐饱和,生源数量由点向面逐渐扩散,学位教育也逐渐从本科教育向高职教育转移.这对我国高等职业院校教育现代化和国际化发...     

对“以市场换技术”方针与涉外税收超国民待遇的再思考——兼与赵中杰先生商榷

改革开放以来，我国吸收和利用外商直接投资所取得的显著成就与存在的主要问题，都与我国长期实行的“以市场换技术”方针和涉外税收超国民待遇密切相关。国内对此早已存在不同观点的争论，近年来这种争论则更有扩大和强化的态势。在我国对外开放进入新阶段的历史条件下，重新审视与客观评价“以市场换技术”方针和涉外税收超国民待遇，对于我国进一步调整科技发展战略和外资政策，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，促进国民经济持续快速协调健康发展，具有重大的现实意义。     

从“市场换技术”到“市场用技术”——基于GVC与NVC视角的中国企业技术创新机制研究

中国在改革开放后实行的"市场换技术"战略并没有达到应有的效果,其原因是中国企业在全球价值链(GVC)国际分工中的地位和状态使企业无法掌控国内市场,造成市场主体与创新主体分离,从而无法有效驱动创新要素。要解决这个问题,本文提出,中国企业应当通过构建国内价值链(NVC)来直接掌握国内市场,并利用市场规模对技术的驱动效应来实现技术创新,这就是"市场用技术"。本文通过理论分析、模型分析和案例分析的方法对该问题进行了论证,发现NVC比GVC更加有助于中国企业实现市场规模对技术的驱动效应。     

融资担保：从“桥”到“路”的探索

中新力合目前注册资本金为2．96亿元。三年多来,公司累计为400多家小企业提供了超过27亿元的融资资金,累计担保总额超过31亿元。良好的商业模式和经营业绩,也让公司获得了国外投资者的青眯,自2008年获得美国硅谷银行金融集团和美国恩颐投资基金近2000万美元的股东出资,目前公司已是浙江省内规模最大的中外合资担保企业。     

三农,从问题到机遇——点评2010年中央一号文件

1月31日,《中共中央、国务院关于加大统筹城乡发展力度进一步夯实农业农村发展基础的若干意见》正式发布,这是新世纪以来连续第7个关注"三农"的中央一号文件。     

从技术节能突破节能“瓶颈”

我省产业结构重型化趋势明显,一批临港石化、钢铁、造纸等高耗能项目近年陆续建成投产。“十一五”以来我省能源消费总量平均年增长达到了1000多万吨标准煤。     

做大做强 跨越发展——广东职业技术教育发展论坛综述

2006年9月6日,广东职业技术教育发展论坛于广州鸣泉居隆重举行,围绕“广东职业技术教育发展”这一主题,与会代表通过听取演讲和讨论交流,从不同角度、不同侧面对如何提高广东职业技术教育发展水平、促进人力资源开发、加强高技能人才队伍建设等提出了不少真知灼见和建议。与会代表一致认为,大力发展职业技术教育是加快广东产业优化升级,提高企业竞争力,推动技术创新和科技成果转换的重要途径,更是广东实现经济社会持续、稳定和快速发展的重要保证。结合与会领导和专家学者们的发言和会议资料,本刊将部分领导和专家的观点及建议编辑整理如下,敬请读者关注。     

从人力资源到人力资本

随着我国企业制度改革的不断深入,人力资本问题已成为我国学术界关注的主要问题.本文基于美日企业的比较认为,不能机械地认为谁是人力资本,人力资本的形成存在着一定条件,同时也是建立在一国文化基础之上,并在一定条件下,人力资源可以实现向人力资本的转化.特别是在我国目前的条件下,实现人力资源向人力资本转化,将有助于我国企业长期稳定发展.     

资本外逃对我国的冲击

从统计数字来看 ,我国自１９９４年起已连续６年成为世界上仅次于美国的第二大引资国 ,外资已成为我国经济生活中的一支重要力量。然而 ,就在外资源源不断涌入的同时 ,国内资本也在加速外逃。改革开放前我国实行严格的外汇管制 ,外逃资本的规模较小 ,每年只有几亿至十几亿美元 ,但随着改革开放程度的加大 ,资本外逃现象日益明显 ,且有愈演愈烈之势。１资本外逃的概念和测算方法由于研究目的和研究背景各不相同 ,国际经济学界对资本外逃（ＣａｐｉｔａｌＦｌｉｇｈｔ）至今尚未确定一个统一、公认的概念 ,常见的有 :（１）由托尼尔、维拉索等…     

公司治理的制约、制衡与平衡——从物质资本、人力资本到利益相关者

公司治理结构的本质是企业所有权的安排。在企业所有权安排上,公司经历了一个由物质资本独享企业所有权,到物质资本与人力资本分享企业所有权,再到利益相关者共享企业所有权的发展过程。相应地,在公司治理方面,与其说是从传统的"股东至上"理论逻辑下的单边治理模式,发展为现代的利益相关者理论逻辑下的共同治理模式,倒不如说是,从单一的物质资本主导下的物质资本对人力资本的制约,到物质资本与人力资本共同主导下的物质资本与人力资本的相互制衡,再到利益相关者共同主导下的利益相关者之间利益平衡的发展过程。     

从多元化到成本领先:基本战略演进的逻辑——交易费用、风险、时间变量及合约选择的一种解说

本文从合约经济学、交易费用经济学的传统概念与理论出发 ,引入时间变量概念 ,在定义了波特理论的基本战略与经济学上的合约的关系之后 ,利用由交易费用、风险、时间变量三者构成的分析体系对国有企业从建国初到目前的基本战略转变现象进行经济解释。在此过程中 ,我们通过对风险概念的详细讨论 ,适当扩展、进而引申出对合约性质的分类 ,从而在结合交易费用与时间变量两概念后 ,为企业的战略选择找到了经济学上的逻辑支点。     

Leading by numbers

We measure to determine where we stand financially or in our quality outcomes. As people see the connection of measures and the success of the company, everything makes more sense. Izzo (2005) writes that profits/net margins are important to an organization and are like oxygen to a person. If we have oxygen, we can focus on the important things in life; if we don't we are preoccupied with gasping for air. Organizations are the same way. With the oxygen of profits, organizations can focus on those things that matter most to the staff and the customer. But when the search for profits becomes obsessive because of greed for excess profits or impending financial doom, everybody loses. Izzo (2005) reminds us that organizations shouldn't exist for only profit, just as people don't exist for only oxygen. Oxygen is merely an enabler for us to do the work of living. Measurement and numbers are the oxygen needed to achieve excellence. As people in organizations use numbers as their servants rather than being slaves to numbers, everyone will succeed. If the use of measurement is seen as punitive, and not a system of serving people to attain that zest for business and a higher mission, we will not achieve the level of excellence our people, patients, and communities deserve.     

从实体资本到虚拟资本:现代企业理论演变之“道”——基于中国“道”哲学的探索

从企业理论的发展史来考察,经济学中企业理论的发展,经历了新古典经济学、新制度经济学以及演化经济学等三个阶段.从中国“道”哲学来观察,企业理论的三个发展阶段,经历了一个由注重“阳”——“有形”资源和“实体资本”,进而发展为注重“阴”——“无形”资源和“虚拟资本”的阶段,最后达到“有形”资源与“无形”资源相结合,“实体资本”与“虚拟资本”相结合,强调“阴阳和合”的历史演进过程,最终显示了把企业中“有形”资源、“实体资本”与“无形”资源、“虚拟资本”结合起来分析考察的趋势,这充分体现了老子“万物负阴而抱阳,冲气以为和”的哲学现,也越来越接近现实经济生活中企业的本质.     

农业龙头企业家人力资本投资的二维研究

农业龙头企业家在城乡统筹发展中扮演着重要角色,农业龙头企业家的技术层面及制度层面的人力资本表明,决定龙头企业家人力资本投资可分为技术维度与关系维度两个维度,企业家人力资本投资的二维组合构成了不同的企业家人力资本模式,提高龙头企业家人力资本要求从营造技术环境与制度环境入手探寻出路.     

From Physical to Human Capital Accumulation: Inequality and the Process of Development

This paper develops a growth theory that captures the replacement of physical capital accumulation by human capital accumulation as a prime engine of growth along the process of development. It argues that the positive impact of inequality on the growth process was reversed in this process. In early stages of the Industrial Revolution, when physical capital accumulation was the prime source of growth, inequality stimulated development by channelling resources towards individuals with a higher propensity to save. As human capital emerged as a growth engine, equality alleviated adverse effects of credit constraints on human capital accumulation, stimulating the growth process.     

Neoliberal Entrenchment of North Atlantic Capital. From Corporate Self-Regulation to State Capture

After the financial crisis of 2007–8, neoliberal capitalism by all appearances has entrenched instead of being displaced. Its political–economic programme or ‘comprehensive concept of control’ continues to hold society in thrall. This was different in the crisis of 1974–5 when the corporate liberalism of the postwar years and its industry-centred class compromise were beginning to be replaced by finance-led neoliberalism and a compromise with asset-owning middle classes. Under corporate liberalism, real capital accumulation was protected from the ‘rentier’/‘money-dealing’ fraction of capital associated with speculative investment; neoliberalism has allowed its resurgence. Large corporations in the first phase of the transition (‘systemic neoliberalism’) embarked on a strategy of transnational restructuring no longer dependent on 1960s-style state support. In the process, financial group formation, here measured by dense director interlocks (≥2) amongst the largest corporations in the North Atlantic economy (where this type of corporate governance obtains), was intensified. The resurgence of money-dealing capital and rentier incomes in the 1990s led to a decline in real accumulation (‘predatory neoliberalism’), and after the crisis of 2007–8, to a demise of the financial group structure of Atlantic capital as the network of dense interlocks radically thins out and capital comes to rely on states again, this time to protect it from a democratic correction of the neoliberal regime and with state autonomy greatly reduced by public debt.     

Costly Technology Adoption and Capital Accumulation

We develop a model of costly technology adoption where the cost is irrecoverable and fixed. Households must decide when to switch from an existing technology to a new, more productive technology. Using a recursive approach, we show that there is a unique threshold level of wealth above which households will adopt the new technology and below which they will not. This threshold is independent of preference parameters and depends only on technology parameters. Prior to adoption, households invest at increasing rates, but consumption growth is constant.