浅议市场经济条件下的粮食流通体制改革

目前粮食购销企业正处在改革之中，粮食流通工作发展环境与格局发生了根本变化，粮食流通工作也面临着不少新情况、新问题。在这种形势下，粮食购销企业如何实现扭亏为盈，确保改革平稳过渡，是一个值得探讨的问题。     

关于新形势下加强宏观调控 确保粮食供求基本平衡的思考

入世后，在全面推行粮食购销市场化改革的过程中，如何加强和改善宏观调控，实现粮食供求基本平衡，确保粮食安全，是当前粮食流通工作中的热点和难点问题。本文结合工作实践，就此谈点粗浅看法，供大家商榷。     

浅谈市场经济条件下的粮食宏观调控

浅谈市场经济条件下的粮食宏观调控李远斌党的十四大明确提出了我国经济体制改革的目标是建立和完善社会主义市场经济新体制，这既是我国十多年来改革实践进一步发展的必然要求，也是对我国社会主义经济理论的重大突破和发展。当前粮食部门正在向粮食商品化、经营市场化，...     

浅论市场在配置粮食资源中的基础性作用

(一) 粮食资源配置,是粮食经济发展过程中人力、物力、财力等各种资源在不同使用方向之间的分配。在高度集中、单渠道流通、粮食资源匮乏的计划经济体制下,粮食资源的配置完全是靠行政手段来完成的。集中体现在向农民征购、定购,对消费者定点、定量;行政布局购销网点,统一粮食储存加工,对粮食职工定点定员。在“购销市场化,市场主体多元化”的大环境下,行政手段配置粮食资源已为历史。     

机遇挑战对策--粮食购销市场化对主产区的影响浅析

经国务院批准浙江、福建、上海等八个粮食主销省市先后放开收购、放开粮价、放开市场，实现了粮食购销市场化，这无疑将会对主产区粮食生产与经营产生重大的影响。加强对销区粮食购销市场化的研究，及早采取应对措施，是主产区加快粮食经济发展的客观要求。笔者意就粮食购销市场化改革给粮食主产区带来的机遇、挑战以及应当采取的应对之策作些粗浅的分析。一、机遇销区实现粮食购销市场化，无疑会对主产区稳定粮食生产、稳定市场粮价，确保粮食安全带来一些冲击和影响，但也会为产区提供新的更为广阔的市场空间，给粮食生产和流通带来新的发…     

浅谈新形势下粮食购销企业如何发挥主渠道作用

随着粮食流通体制改革的不断深入和完善，粮食这种特殊商品其商品属性完全恢复，粮食购销市场化，多种经济成分共同参与粮食市场经营活动，新的粮食市场格局正在逐步形成。新形势下建立稳定的粮食商品流通秩序，是不断健全粮食市场体系，保护种粮农民利益，维护国家粮食安全的重要环节。在这个环节中，尽管粮食购销企业已逐步退出国有序列，但其主渠道作用不能丢。[编按]     

中国水产品市场供求平衡分析

论文运用结构分析法和供求平衡表分析了我国水产品市场的总供给、总需求,并对我国水产品市场的供求平衡做出判断;其次运用Census X12和滤波分析法分析水产品市场价格的基本走势以期对市场供求平衡状况做出进一步的总结。研究表明:我国水产品市场供求早已告别了"吃鱼难"的时代,水产品市场基本上处于供求平衡的状态。在此基础上提出了对渔业生产方式调整和创新的基本诉求、多元化我国水产品的出口结构与品种、加强水产品流通渠道和业态的研究、进一步了解水产品消费结构和品种的相关建议,来适应水产品市场均衡关系的变化。     

循环经济与市场经济的比较分析

在对循环经济与市场经济的内涵进行比较分析的基础上,探讨循环经济与市场经济的关系,认为市场经济是循环经济的基础,发展循环经济必须遵循市场经济基本规律;同时循环经济是市场经济实现可持续发展的科学模式。提出加强技术创新,建立符合循环经济发展要求的产业结构体系,健全循环经济法律、法规以及加强宣传力度等发展循环经济的对策。     

Fish market integration and demand analysis: a Mediterranean case study

This study discusses the importance of delineating market boundaries prior to undertaking demand analysis. The Northern Adriatic Sea is considered a good case study by which to test this approach, given the richness of species landed there and their heterogeneous distribution across the space involved. Three groups of demersal species (whitefish, cephalopods, and crustaceans) are chosen for the study. First, geographical market boundaries are defined for each product (species) using price–price relations between market places. Second, demand is analyzed inside the defined market area through the linear approximation of the inverse almost ideal demand system. Geographical market integration bears several patterns of complete or partial integration, depending on the species. It could be said that integration is higher for species of high economic relevance among regions where large quantities are landed. For all product groups, our estimations suggest that moderate substitution effects do exist among species. The characteristics of the fleets and of the buyers, as well as the biophysical attributes of the sea basin (i.e., species richness and heterogeneous spatial distribution) are discussed as explanatory variables of market integration/segmentation.     

International market integration and demand: An analysis of the Norwegian and Danish herring market

This article provides a method where pre-tests for international market integration are used to identify market structures before estimating demand systems. The method is applied to the analysis of the European herring market. A Vector Auto Regressive model in Error Correction form is used to identify co-integration vectors between price series and, based on this, to test for the Law of One Price. The Law of One Price is in force between the landing markets for herring in the two largest global supplier countries, Norway and Denmark. Therefore, an inverse demand function is estimated for the combined Norwegian and Danish market. The results are used in the interpretation of the significant increase in the prices of herring on the Danish ex-vessel market in 2001, given the stability of the Danish market. The implication is that even though Denmark did not export to the main Norwegian export markets in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the Danish landing price is influenced by the situation there.     

我国粮食调入省区粮食供求对策研究

随着对外开放和经济体制改革的深入,粮食调入省区与调出省区将继续发挥自的区域比较优势,形成更为合理的分工协作关系,本文分析了粮食调入省区粮食产销状况及2005年、2010年、2015年和2030年供求变动的趋势,提出了保持供求平衡的基本思路及对策措施。     

Rural-urban gradient analysis of ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics

Urban regions are important places of ecosystem service demands and, at the same time, are the primary source of global environmental impacts. Although there is broad agreement on the importance of incorporating the concept of ecosystem services into policy strategies and decision-making, the lack of a standardized approach to quantifying ecosystem services at the landscape scale has hindered progress in this direction. Moreover, tradeoffs between ecosystem services and the supply/demand ratio of ecosystem services in urban landscapes have rarely been investigated. In our paper, we present a method to quantify and map the supply and demand of three essential provisioning services - energy, food, and water - along the rural-urban gradient of the eastern German region Leipzig-Halle. This urban region has experienced significant socio-economic dynamics and land use changes since the German reunification in 1990. The results show that both the demand and the supply of ecosystem services changed considerably during the time span under consideration (1990-2007). We identified an increasing supply/demand ratio of food and water but a decreasing supply/demand ratio of energy. In addition, the pattern of ecosystem demands shows a levelling of rural-urban gradients, reflecting profound modifications of traditional rural-urban relationships. The changes of ecosystem service supply gradients are determined more by land use intensity, such as the intensification of agricultural production, than by land cover changes such as urban sprawl. The comparison of supply/demand ratios and rural-urban patterns of ecosystem services can help decision-makers in landscape management in striving for a sustainable balance between resource supply and demand.     

国际粮食形势及我国粮食生产潜在危机与对策

近几年世界谷物需求不断扩大,谷物库存不断减少,国际谷物价格快速上涨,粮食价格危机在全球快速蔓延。粮食出口国纷纷出台控制粮食出口政策,粮食进口国纷纷到国际市场抢购粮食。一些经济较贫困的国家因无力在国际市场抢购粮食,或无力通过财政补贴抑制国内粮食价格的快速上涨,而诱发社会动荡。尽管我国因有较充足的粮食库存,受国际粮食危机的冲击不大,但我国粮食安全仍存在潜在危机,还需采取强化耕地资源保护、水利设施和依靠科技等措施,确保我国粮食生产稳定发展和基本自给。     

溧水县水资源供需分析

针对溧水县水资源特点,分析水资源现状。结合节水型社会建设的要求,采用相应的定额,分析预测了各行业需水量和供水量,分析不同平衡分析方案的缺水度。分析表明,在一次平衡方案下,溧水县近期和远期缺水度均大于30%,处于严重缺水状态。在二次平衡方案下,可以有效地解决缺水问题。